RESUMO
Atmospheric particulate matter pollution in Zigong City in southern Sichuan is quite severe. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 from 2015 to 2018 were (95.42±9.53) µg·m-3 and (65.95±6.98) µg·m-3, with an obvious trend of decline. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in winter were much higher than in other seasons, with the highest average concentrations being(138.08±52.29) µg·m-3 and (108.50±18.05) µg·m-3 in January, respectively, whereas in summer, the average concentrations were lowest. The average ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 is 69.12%, and the ratio in winter is about 1.17 times that in summer; thus, PM2.5 is mainly responsible for the air pollution. To explore the potential sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Zigong City and the pollution contributions of different sources in different seasons, the concentration of PM2.5 in Zigong and the daily trajectory after 72 h were calculated and clustered by the combined use of a variety of potential source analysis methods and data. These methods and data included the hybrid single particle lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, global data assimilation system (GDAS) meteorological data, potential source contribution analysis (PSCF), and concentration of weight trajectory analysis (CWT). The results showed that the area near Zigong is mostly controlled by southeasterly, westerly, and northwesterly winds in all seasons, and the high PM2.5 concentration is mostly located in the low-wind-speed zone of 0-2 m·s-1. The influence of different seasons and transport routes on PM2.5 pollution in Zigong is significant. In spring, it is mainly affected by short-distance air flow from the west and north; in summer, the pollution mainly comes from the southeast air flow of short-distance transportation; in autumn, it is mainly affected by short-distance transportation air flow from Ziyang, Suining, Chongqing, and Neijiang; and in winter, it is not only affected by the surrounding cities such as Ziyang, Suining, and Neijiang but also by the long-distance transportation air flow from central Tibet. In general, the potential source area of particulate matter in Zigong City is mainly located in the border area between the west of Chongqing and the south of Sichuan. In winter, the main contribution area is at its widest, while in summer, the potential source area is smallest.
