Course of Acute Pancreatitis Patients with Renal Failure According to Balthazar Classification.

Background and Aim: There are criteria that include many organ systems to predict the prognosis in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients. In this study, we aimed to show how the course of the disease changes according to the Balthazar classification in AP patients presenting with renal failure. Methods and Materials: Our study included 352 patients who were admitted to the Emergency Service of our hospital and were diagnosed and hospitalized with AP. According to the Balthazar score, patients with scores of 0-2, 4-6, and 8-10 were evaluated as mild, moderate, and severe AP, respectively. Demographic data (age, gender) of all patients were documented. The etiology of AP was determined in all patients. Biliary, drug/toxic, alcohol, infections, hyperlipidemia, post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), genetics, hypercalcemia, structural anomalies, and malignancy were evaluated as the etiology. Those without any underlying pathology were evaluated as idiopathic AP. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without renal insufficiency. All patients underwent helical computed tomography (section 64, Aquilion; Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo) within the first 12 hours and between days 3 and 7. Pancreas, peripancreatic and extrapancreatic findings, and complications were examined. "The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 19.0 (SPSS Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.)" was used for all analyses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and histograms were used to determine whether there was a normal distribution. The non-parametric data of the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and the parametric data using the independent t test. Chi-square test was used to test categorical data. Cases with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: : While 22 (6.2%) patients had renal insufficiency, 332 (95.8%) patients did not have renal insufficiency. In the evaluation made in terms of AP severity; according to Balthazar classification at admission, there was no difference in mild and moderate pancreatitis for kidney insufficiency in both groups, but it was significantly higher in the group with severe pancreatitis [2 (9.1%) versus 1 (0.3%), P < 0.001]. In the evaluation made after 72 hours; renal failure was significantly lower in the group with mild pancreatitis [11 (50.0%) versus 245 (73.8%), P: 0.016] and severe renal failure was significantly higher in severe pancreatitis [7 (31.8%) versus 13 (%) 3.9), P < 0.001]. Conclusions: Early intensive care unit admission and close follow-up and early treatment in AP patients change the course of the disease. In our study, we showed that serum creatinine level is an important parameter in the course of AP and has a predictive value for the course of the disease.

Relationship between nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 variants and severity of acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Intestinal barrier dysfunction has been implicated in the development of infectious complications of acute pancreatitis. Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization DomainContaining Protein 2 (NOD2) plays an important role in the proper functioning of intestinal defense mechanisms. Here, we investigated the frequency of NOD2 variants in patients with mild and severe acute pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Groups 1, 2 and 3 comprised healthy participants and patients with mild and severe pancreatitis, respectively. Four NOD2 variants and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Three patients (3/32, 9.4%) in the severe pancreatitis group were positive for the p.R702W variant. This variant was negative in other groups. One, three and three patients in the healthy (1/27, 3.7%), mild (3/36, 8.3%) and severe pancreatitis (3/32, 9.4%) groups tested positive for the 1007fs variant, respectively. No significant differences in the frequencies of NOD2 variants were evident among the groups. Serum IL-6, TNF-a and LBP levels were markedly higher in the severe pancreatitis than the healthy and mild pancreatitis groups (all p<0.001). We observed no significant correlation between cytokine levels and NOD2 variants. CONCLUSION: Our results support an association between the presence of the p.R702W variant and severe pancreatitis.

Endoscopic treatment of biliary complications after duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis in pediatric liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Studies reporting outcomes of endoscopic treatment methods in children who underwent liver transplantation (LT) is very limited. We present our outcomes, as a high-volume transplant center where endoscopic methods are preferred as the first choice in the treatment of biliary complications in children. METHODS: Patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as the first treatment approach for biliary complications after LT between 2005 and 2017 were included. Clinical data included patient demographics, ERCP indications (stricture or leak), and treatment outcomes, including the need for percutaneous and surgical intervention. RESULTS: ERCP was performed in 49 patients who had a duct-to-duct anastomosis (38 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), 11 deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT)). The most common biliary complication was stricture. Our endoscopic success rate was 66.7% (18/27) and 75% (6/8) in LDLT and DDLT patients with stricture (p > 0.05), respectively. While our endoscopic success rate was 75% (3/4) in patients with leak alone after LDLT, it was 25% (1/4) in patients with leak and stricture in this group. The endoscopic success rate was 50% in two patients who had leak alone after DDLT. CONCLUSIONS: ERCP should be considered as a preferential treatment option for the management of biliary complications in pediatric liver transplant patients with duct-to-duct anastomosis, as in adults.

Endoscopic treatment of biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation in a high volume transplant center in Turkey; a single-center experience.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Biliary complications are an important cause of mortality and morbidity after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We present our endoscopic treatment results after LDLT as a single center with high volume. METHODS: Patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after LDLT between 2005 and 2015 were included. Clinical data included patient demographics, ERCP indications (stricture or leak), and treatment outcomes, including need for percutaneous and surgical interventions. RESULTS: ERCP was performed in 446 (39.2%) patients with duct-to-duct anastomosis of 1136 LDLT patients. The most common biliary complication was stricture ± stone (70.6%, 315/446). Stricture and leak occurred in 60 (13.4%) patients. Only biliary leak was found in 40 (8.9%) patients. Our endoscopic treatment success rate in patients with biliary stricture after LDLT was 65.1%. Overall endoscopic success rates in our patients were 55.0% in patients with both leak and stricture, and only leak. In all, our percutaneous transhepatic biliary interventions (PTBI) and ERCP success rate was 90.6% in patients with biliary complications after LDLT. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatments are highly effective for biliary complications after LDLT. Effective use of percutaneous interventions in collaboration with endoscopic treatments significantly reduces the need for surgical treatment.