Tramadol Effects on Lameness Score After Inhibition of P-GP by Ivermectin Administration in Horses: Preliminary Results.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects and lameness degree in horses administered tramadol after the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) enteric inhibitor ivermectin. Six horses were randomly distributed into three groups, which received two different doses of tramadol by a nasogastric tube: 1 mg/kg (tramadol group 1(GT1)), 4 mg/kg (tramadol group 4 (GT4)), and tramadol 1 mg/kg combined with ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg PO (ivermectin tramadol group (GT1 + Ive)), with one-week washout interval. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), intestinal motility, body temperature, and the degree of lameness were evaluated for 360 minutes. The blood gas parameters were evaluated at 0, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes. There were no differences in HR and the degree of lameness. Hypomotility occurred in GT1 and GT4 only at the end of the evaluation period, and RR increased in all groups. We conclude that inhibition of enteric P-gp by ivermectin did not alter the effects of tramadol, suggesting that tramadol is not a substrate for P-gp. However, future studies should be conducted to assess the interaction between P-gp inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of tramadol.

Ethological and physiological parameters in the thoroughbred newborn foal / Parâmetros fisiológicos e etológicos do potro recém-nascido, na raça puro-sangue de corrida

Three hundred and ninety deliveries of Thoroughbred mares were observed between July, 1983 and November, 1992, with the aim of determining physiologic parameters regarding the foal. The average time for the umbilical cord rupture was 6,2 minutes. The suckling reflex was observed 36 minutes after delivery. Mean time for standing was 49 minutes, and the ones which stood within 2:23 hours didn"t have adaptation problems. Mean time for the first suckling was 94 minutes, and 82,55% did it within 2 hours after birth. Elimination of meconium occurred at 127.4 minutes after delivery, 30 minutes after first suckling.

Foram observados trezentos e noventa partos em éguas da raça Puro-Sangue de Corrida entre julho de 1983 e novembro de 1992, com a finalidade de se determinar os parâmetros fisiológicos e etológicos relativos ao neonato, Verificou-se que a ruptura do cordão umbilical ocorreu em torno dos 6,2 minutos após o nascimento. O reflexo de sucção manifestou-se em média aos 36 minutos e os potrinhos levantaram pela primeira vez aos 49 minutos. Aqueles que levantaram até 2 horas e 23 minutos após o parto não apresentaram problemas. A 1ª mamada ocorreu em média aos 94 minutos pós-parto e 82,55% dos potros mamaram até 2 horas pós-parto. A eliminação do mecônio ocorreu em 127,4 minutos pós-parto, em média 30 minutos após a 1ª mamada.