Effectiveness of Brain Gym Exercises Over Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Improving Sleep Quality Among Healthcare University Students: A Comparative Study.

Background More than half of healthcare university students are believed to experience inadequate sleep. The application of brain gym exercises is a relatively new concept that has shown potential for addressing a variety of cognitive and perceptual deficits. Nevertheless, its use in managing sleep disorders is still in the early stages. Though cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is still the standard treatment for sleep management, recent research suggests that brain gym exercises may help with sleep disorders like insomnia. Independent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CBT and brain gym activities in treating sleep disorders. Yet, there remains a paucity of studies directly comparing these two methods in treating individuals with sleep disturbances. Aim and objectives To ascertain the effectiveness of brain gym exercises over cognitive behavioral therapy in improving sleep quality among healthcare university students. Method The experimental study comparing brain gym exercises and cognitive behavioral therapy interventions was conducted in Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from March 2023 to December 2023, with 60 subjects selected after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The protocol was administered for 4 weeks for 30 minutes per day. The baseline outcome measures were the insomnia severity index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The outcome measure was used before and after 4 weeks of interventions to evaluate the outcome of the protocol. The software used in the analysis was SPSS 27.0 version and GraphPad Prism 7.0 version, and p<0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Result Post-treatment, evidence was observed for ISI (20.55, P = 0.0001) and PSQI (18.09, P = 0.0001) in Group A. Post-rehabilitation evidence was observed in Group B for ISI (19, P=0.0001) and PSQI (16.64, P=0.0001). The findings revealed a significantly higher mean difference between Group A and Group B, showing a considerable improvement in outcome measure scores within Group A relative to Group B. Conclusion The statistical analysis demonstrates a notable improvement in the pre-and post-scores of the ISI and PSQI following four weeks of brain gym exercises. In comparison, cognitive behavioral therapy showed comparatively less effectiveness in addressing insomnia. The observed improvement in sleep quality among students highlights that brain gym exercises have the potential to be a non-pharmacological alternative for managing mild to moderate insomnia.

Restoring Functionality: A Case Report on Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation for L5-S1 Anterolisthesis Management.

Anterolisthesis is a condition where a vertebra in the spine slips forward relative to the vertebra below it. Anterolisthesis is often described in terms of the direction of the slippage and the affected vertebrae, such as L5-S1 anterolisthesis, which indicates the slippage occurring between the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the sacral bone (S1). Anterolisthesis can result from various factors, trauma, or congenital abnormalities. The symptoms associated with anterolisthesis can include lower back pain, stiffness, muscle tightness, and neurological symptoms if the slippage compresses nearby nerves. The piriformis muscle, situated deep within the buttocks, plays a crucial role in this scenario, as its contraction or inflammation can exacerbate the compression of the sciatic nerve, intensifying the pain and discomfort experienced by the individual. Patients with L5-S1 anterolisthesis and bilateral piriformis syndrome commonly report challenges in daily activities involving hip movement, such as walking, sitting, or standing for prolonged periods of time. The combined effects of vertebral slippage and piriformis involvement contribute to altered gait patterns and may lead to difficulties in maintaining a stable and pain-free posture. Effective management often necessitates a comprehensive approach, encompassing physical therapy, pain management strategies, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention. We report a case of a 75-year-old male who complained of pain in his back radiating to both lower limbs with a history of slipping and falling in the bathroom one month prior, sustaining an injury to his back, and who visited the orthopedics department of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Sawangi, Wardha, where an investigation was done and an X-ray revealed L5-S1 anterolisthesis. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in reducing pain, improving the range of motion and muscle strength, decreasing muscle tightness, and enhancing the quality of life. The goal of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation for L5-S1 anterolisthesis management is to optimize functional recovery, reduce pain, improve the range of motion and muscle strength, and improve the overall quality of life for individuals with this condition.

Comprehensive Physiotherapeutic Management of Atlas Occipitalization: A Case Report.

The atlas (C1) and occipital bone at the base of the skull fuse together in atlas occipitalization, an uncommon congenital abnormality. Because it can result in cervical spine instability, nerve impingement, and related symptoms including stiffness, pain, and neurological impairments, it poses a challenging therapeutic problem. We describe the case of a female patient, 27 years old, who had gradually deteriorating neck discomfort, stiffness, and limited cervical mobility for six years prior to presentation. Her symptoms worsened over time despite conservative treatment, so more testing was necessary. Atlas occipitalization, congenital fusion at the C7 and D1 vertebrae, and other related cervical spine pathologies were identified by imaging examinations. The intricacies of atlas occipitalization and related cervical spine pathologies are highlighted in this case study, along with the diagnostic difficulties and interdisciplinary therapeutic strategy needed to address them. To improve cervical range of motion (ROM), lessen discomfort, and improve functional results, the patient underwent a thorough musculoskeletal examination and was given a customized physiotherapeutic intervention.

Physical Rehabilitation Subsequent to Fixation of Ilizarov Ring Fixator for the Management of Distal Femur Fracture: A Case Report.

Distal femur fractures are severe all over the world. The goal of the study was to assess the effect of physiotherapy on ROM, strength, and improving quality of life. Due to the anatomy of distal femur fracture, the Ilizarov ring fixator is useful as it helps maintain mobility and stability. Distal femur fractures are most treated surgically compared to non-surgical treatment. The use of external fixators differs according to the patient's condition and the stability of the patient. This study's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based procedure prepared for the management of distal femur fracture and chronic osteomyelitis femur. In some cases, due to discharging sinus, the patient requires long-term treatment followed by a home physiotherapy rehabilitation program. The objective was to assess the effects of Ilizarov circular external fixators (ICEF) on distal femur fracture.

A Muscle Energy Techniques-Based Physiotherapeutic Intervention Protocol for Managing Nightstick Fracture: A Case Report.

Distal ulna and radius fractures are the most frequent upper extremity fractures seen in emergency rooms. The axis of rotation for forearm pronation and supination runs through the radial head (proximal) and the ulnar fovea (distal). Throughout pronation and supination, the radius can rotate relative to the ulna, thanks to the way its head articulates with it. The ulna remains relatively stable during these movements. However, in cases of fractures of these bones, surgery to repair the radius is usually the best course of action for a distal ulna fracture. Most distal ulna fractures heal successfully with only conservative treatment once the radius is stabilized. To achieve the best results, medical personnel must take into account patient characteristics including age, level of activity, and aspirations. The majority of distal ulna injuries do not require surgery, but there are several circumstances where it is necessary. In therapeutic practice, muscle energy techniques (METs) are comparatively painless methods for restoring a restricted spectrum of motion. Malunion, reduced grasp, and other significant problems might result from a lack of understanding of this illness. The 48-year-old patient in the present study was reported to have sustained injuries to his left forearm in a road traffic accident (RTA) as he fell from his bike and slid during a traffic collision. X-ray imaging of the left forearm revealed an isolated ulnar shaft fracture. METs, isometric contractions, and active concentric and eccentric movements were all part of the physiotherapy intervention protocol to produce an active range of motion in the upper extremity. In this particular case, the specified physiotherapy management was found to be effective.

Physiotherapy Intervention for Grade 4 Rheumatoid Arthritis Managed With Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report.

Inflammatory arthritis and extra-articular involvement remain characteristic features of the systemic autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Metatarsophalangeal joints, wrists, shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and ankles are among the joints that are most commonly infected. The patient in this case report is a 30-year-old woman with a history of deformities in both hands and legs. She approached the hospital for an examination, where she was confirmed with grade 4 RA. As the condition was severe in the bilateral knee joint, she was first managed with total knee replacement of the left side. Due to this, there was pain around the left knee joint, and also, there was a restriction in the range of motion of the knee joint; for this, the patient was advised for physiotherapy. The patient was regularly treated for 15 days. We report that physical therapy following the surgery significantly reduced pain intensity, improved the knee joint's range of motion, and increased the strength of the muscles around the knee.

Taping Adjunct to Strengthening and Proprioception in a Hill-Sachs Lesion Patient: A Case Report.

A Hill-Sachs lesion is a bony defect in the head of the humerus due to recurrent dislocation, which results in friction between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa. This recurrent incident of dislocation that occurs in the anterior direction eventually leads to a Bankart lesion (a defect in the glenoid rim). A 21-year-old male, a recreational football player, reported recurrent shoulder dislocation, complaining of pain and difficulty doing certain activities. He had hypermobility of the shoulder joint during joint play assessment. Proprioception is the sense of the position and movement of one's own body. Exercises that improve proprioception can help improve shoulder stability and reduce the risk of shoulder injuries. Proprioception has shown significant positive results in shoulder dislocations. A physiotherapy protocol was designed that included strengthening of shoulder and scapular musculatures, proprioceptive exercises, and plyometric exercises for developing agility. All these exercises were given with taping for the shoulder joint. Taping helps stabilize the shoulder and normalizes muscle function. With the help of physiotherapy, patients can avoid invasive procedures for restoring stability in non-traumatic recurrent shoulder dislocations.

Shin Splint: A Review.

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), usually referred to as "shin splints," is a common overuse injury of the lower extremities affecting a large percentage of athletes. A variety of factors can lead to shin splints, including overtraining, poor footwear, muscular imbalances at the ankle, overtight or weak triceps surae muscles, imbalances at the thoracolumbar complex, and a body mass index (BMI) above 30. Injuries present with diffuse palpable pain that is often described as a dull ache following exercise. The pain is often alleviated by resting. Often, athletes complain of tenderness along the posteromedial edge of the tibia and pain along the middle to distal third of the posteromedial border of the tibia following an exercise session. The pain caused by a shin splint should be categorized according to its location and cause, such as lower medial tibial pain caused by periostitis or upper lateral tibial pain caused by raised compartment pressure. In order to prevent MTSS or shin splints, it is important to avoid excessive stress. The main objectives of shin splint treatment are to relieve pain and to enable the patient to return to normal activities without pain. To prevent shin splints, repetitive stress should be avoided. In this paper, we review what is known about the pathophysiology of shin splint syndrome, present evidence regarding risk factors associated with shin splints, assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies, and make recommendations for prevention. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of interventions to prevent shin splints.

Effectiveness of Physical Therapy in a Comminuted Patella Fracture Managed with Tension Band Wiring: A Case Report.

A patella fracture occurs when the patella bone, which covers the knee joint, breaks. A severe injury, such as a fall or a hit to the patella, is frequently the cause. There are two types of patella fractures: basic and complicated. The treatment of certain fractures necessitates surgery. Patella fracture symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, inability to straighten the leg, and inability to walk. Rehabilitation aims to increase the range of motion, increase muscles' strength, and make the patient functionally independent. We report the case of a 69-year-old female with a comminuted patella fracture managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with tension band wiring. A four-week inpatient rehabilitation increasing range of motion and improving strength has shown a tremendous improvement in the patient's symptoms.

Physiotherapy Management of an Adolescent With Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Along With Rickets.

Rickets is an ossification and mineralization disorder of the growth plate before skeletal maturity that is peculiar to children and adolescents. Most children are affected by this deficient disorder throughout their skeletal growth stage, characterized by deformed and soft bones, due to a failure to assimilate and utilize calcium and phosphorus properly. It is most frequent in children aged four months to three years in developing countries. In the Indian subcontinent, it continues to be a major health problem. The majority of rickets symptoms include bone pain, deformity of the bones, and impaired growth velocity. In addition to damaging the skeletal system, it also affects other systems, which results in substantial morbidity. The term "rachitic pneumopathy" has long been used to describe respiratory issues caused by rickets. Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an inflammatory rare skin disease that affects children as well as adults of all ages. They can develop PRP's clinical characteristics and individual prognoses are quite varied. Rickets occurring in association with skin diseases is rare. Here, we report an instance of a 15-year-old boy who gave a history of pain and swelling in the knees for the past three months. He couldn't bear weight and had walking difficulty as well. Along with this, he also complained of itchy lesions for nine years. Initially, the lesions were on the right arm, which progressed to the left arm, chest, back and abdomen. Later, they were seen on the lower limbs. After appropriate diagnostic work, he was diagnosed with rickets with pityriasis rubra pilaris. The patient received both medical and physical therapy treatment. The physical therapy rehabilitation program used in this case study significantly improved the patient's functional independence by reducing pain and improving joint mobility, muscle strength, endurance, and gait. After six weeks of rehabilitation, there was an improvement in the ranges of the joint, strength of muscle, gait, and functional independence significantly using physical therapy techniques. This case study shows the value of comprehensive physical therapy in a case of pityriasis rubra pilaris with rickets in a 15-year-old boy.

A rare case of radius hemimelia: a case report.

Radial dysplasia congenital defect resulting in shortening of the forearm due to congenital shortening of the radius. Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire coined the term "hemimelia" around 1836-1837. Affected individuals may also have reduced limb functions abnormalities of the soft tissues, vasculature of the forearm. The management consist of splinting, stretching, and centralization. Physical therapy management plays a vital role in regaining hand function and improving quality of life. In severe cases, surgical correction such as osteotomy. Radial hemimelia is a rare disorder with 1/5000-30,000 live birth. A 16-year-old girl was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH) with complaints of weakness of the right upper limb along with a tingling sensation from the past 1 year. She was operated on with ulnar osteotomy and physical therapy management was initiated which consists of regaining mobility and strength and making the patient functionally independent. We concluded that a well structure physical therapy protocol along with medical therapy post-surgery improved the overall status of the patient.