RESUMO
Among the vital signs collected during hospital triage, respiratory rate is an important parameter associated with physiological, pathophysiological, and emotional changes. In recent years, the importance of its verification in emergency centers due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS2) pandemic has become very clear, although it is still one of the least evaluated and collected vital signs. In this context, infrared imaging has been shown to be a reliable estimator of respiratory rate, with the advantage of not requiring physical contact with patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of analyzing a sequence of thermal images as an estimator of respiratory rate in the clinical routine of an emergency room. We used an infrared thermal camera (T540, Flir Systems) to obtain the respiratory rate data of 136 patients, based on nostrils' temperature fluctuation, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and compared it with the chest incursion count method, commonly employed in the emergency screening procedures. We found a good agreement between both methods, with Bland-Altman limits of agreement ranging from -4 to 4 min-1, no proportional bias (R2 = 0.021, p = 0.095), and a strong correlation between them (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that infrared thermography has potential to be a good estimator of respiratory rate in the routine of an emergency room.
RESUMO
In the primitively eusocial wasps, especially Polistini and Mischocyttarini tribes, the physiological condition of each individual is strongly associated with its dominance status in the colonial hierarchy. As a rule, in independent-founding wasps, female wasps are all morphologically alike, and their role is apparently quite flexible even as adults. However, some studies have shown that differences in body size can exist between reproductive and non-reproductive females. Thus, the present study aimed at detecting differences between reproductive (inseminated) and non-reproductive (uninseminated) individuals based on morphological and physiological parameters. We tape-recorded the daily behavioural repertory of six colonies of Mischocyttarus cassununga for determining the hierarchical dominance in the field, and then collected these colonies (in different cycle stages) for measuring 13 set characters, and assessing the physiological condition of each individual by inspecting their fat bodies and ovaries. Our results revealed that inseminated and uninseminated females are not significantly different in relation to body size, in spite of first group shows higher average than second in almost all measured parts. The physiological evaluation of each individual demonstrated more than one inseminated female per colony during all stages of the colony cycle, suggesting a strategic condition of this species against difficulties (predation and parasitism of the colony) in nature.
Nas vespas eussociais basais, especificamente nas tribos Polistini e Mischocyttarini, a condição fisiológica de cada indivíduo é fortemente associada com o seu status de dominância na hierarquia colonial. Como regra, nas vespas de fundação independente, as fêmeas são morfologicamente semelhantes, e suas funções são aparentemente bastante flexíveis quando adultas. Entretanto, alguns estudos têm demonstrado que diferenças no tamanho corpóreo podem existir entre as fêmeas reprodutivas e não reprodutivas. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi detectar diferenças entre fêmeas consideradas reprodutivas (inseminadas) e não reprodutivas (não inseminadas) baseando-se em parâmetros morfológicos e fisiológicos. O repertório comportamental de seis colônias de Mischocyttarus cassununga foi observado diariamente no campo com a ajuda de uma filmadora, e em seguida, todas as colônias em diferentes fases do ciclo foram coletadas para a mensuração de 13 caracteres e análise da condição fisiológica (quantidade de corpo gorduroso e grau de desenvolvimento ovariano) de cada uma das fêmeas. Nossos resultados revelaram que as fêmeas inseminadas e não inseminadas não são significantemente diferentes em relação ao tamanho do corpo, apesar do primeiro grupo apresentar uma média maior do que o segundo em quase todas as regiões corpóreas medidas. A análise fisiológica de cada indivíduo demonstrou a presença de mais de uma fêmea inseminada por colônia durante todas as fases do ciclo colonial, sugerindo uma condição estratégica desta espécie frente às dificuldades (predação e parasitismo da colônia) na natureza.
RESUMO
Proteins for brood nutrition of social wasps are obtained from many prey, including insects (even bees and other wasps), spiders and bits of decaying meat. After being captured and killed, prey are reduced to a shapeless mass and distributed to the brood. Little is known about the foraging activity, especially on this group. Herein we describe the sequence of foraging behaviours of the social wasp Polybia (Trichothorax) ignobilis for hunting flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae and Muscidae) over pig carcasses. To our knowledge, there are few scientific descriptions of prey foraging behaviour on this species.
Proteínas para nutrição da prole de vespas sociais são obtidas de várias presas, incluindo insetos (mesmo abelhas e outras vespas), aranhas e pedaços de carne em decomposição. Após serem capturadas e mortas, as presas são reduzidas a massas amorfas e distribuídas para a prole. Pouco é sabido sobre a atividade de forrageamento, especialmente nesse grupo. Assim nós descrevemos a seqüência de comportamento de forrageamento da vespa social Polybia (Trichothorax) ignobilis capturando moscas (Díptera: Calliphoridae e Muscidae) em carcaças de porcos. Para nosso conhecimento, há poucas descrições científicas do comportamento de forrageamento nessa espécie.
