RESUMO
Attention to environmental sources of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a vital component of disease prevention and control. We investigated MAC colonization of household plumbing in suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. We used variable-number tandem-repeat genotyping and whole-genome sequencing with core genome single-nucleotide variant analysis to compare M. avium from household plumbing biofilms with M. avium isolates from patient respiratory specimens. M. avium was recovered from 30 (81.1%) of 37 households, including 19 (90.5%) of 21 M. avium patient households. For 11 (52.4%) of 21 patients with M. avium disease, isolates recovered from their respiratory and household samples were of the same genotype. Within the same community, 18 (85.7%) of 21 M. avium respiratory isolates genotypically matched household plumbing isolates. Six predominant genotypes were recovered across multiple households and respiratory specimens. M. avium colonizing municipal water and household plumbing may be a substantial source of MAC pulmonary infection.
Assuntos
Microbiologia Ambiental , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/epidemiologia , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/microbiologia , Mycobacterium avium/classificação , Microbiologia da Água , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Genótipo , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Repetições Minissatélites , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Mycobacterium avium/genética , Mycobacterium avium/isolamento & purificação , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/classificação , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/genética , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/isolamento & purificação , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/história , Philadelphia/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
The authors retrospectively reviewed their clinical database for cases of breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed in women who had undergone breast reconstruction with a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. Patient histories, MR imaging results, and, when available, biopsy results were reviewed. During a 4-year period, 24 neobreasts were imaged in 22 women who had undergone TRAM flap reconstruction after mastectomy. In most of the cases (64%), the indication for MR imaging was a palpable abnormality or pain. In four of 24 cases (17%), recurrent breast cancer was detected. These cases consisted of a local chest wall tumor (n = 2), an infiltrating chest wall tumor (n = 1), and axillary nodal recurrence (n = 1). In all four cases, MR imaging demonstrated a suspicious lesion or abnormality. In 11 of 24 cases (46%), benign findings only were demonstrated. These consisted of localized or diffuse skin thickening, fibrosis, fat necrosis, and seroma. In nine of 24 cases (38%), no pathologic abnormality was identified. MR imaging is useful in detection of locally recurrent tumor in patients who have undergone breast reconstruction with a TRAM flap. MR imaging allows differentiation between benign and malignant findings in patients with palpable abnormalities or pain after TRAM flap reconstruction.