[Analysis of prevalence status and influencing factors of e-cigarette use among secondary school students in Heilongjiang Province].

Objective: To describe the current situation and influencing factors of e-cigarette use among secondary school students in Heilongjiang Province to provide evidence for formulating provincial youth e-cigarette prevention and control strategies. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster probability sampling method was adopted in 2021, with 8 340 students in 180 classes from 56 primary and high schools in 10 monitoring districts and counties in Heilongjiang Province. The students in the selected classes filled out a unified questionnaire by themselves. SAS 9.4 software was used for data cleansing, sample weighting, and analysis. Chi-squared tests were used to compare the differences between groups, and a two-level logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of e-cigarette use among secondary school students. Results: A total of 8 329 survey questionnaires were included in the analysis. The prevalence rates of ever and current e-cigarette use among secondary school students in Heilongjiang Province were 18.27% and 5.46%, respectively. In terms of ever e-cigarette use, the rate of boys (23.94%) was higher than that of girls (12.35%). The rate of vocational high school students (39.18%) was higher than that of general high school students (24.11%) and than that of junior school students (11.27%). In terms of current e-cigarette use, the rate of boys (7.08%) was higher than that of girls (3.76%). The rate of vocational high school students (14.56%) was higher than that of general high school students (7.70%) and than that of junior school students (2.67%). The rates of ever and current e-cigarette use were relatively higher in each subgroup, including "weekly allowance more than 40 Yuan" "one of the student's parents, friends or teachers was smoker" "smoked cigarettes now" and "saw e-cigarette advertisements". A two-level logistic regression model showed that the following factors were the influencing factors of current use of e-cigarettes among secondary school students, including gender, whether they were current cigarette smokers, the smoking status of their close friends, if they saw teachers smoked in the school, noticed e-cigarette advertisements, and e-cigarette addictive cognition. Conclusions: The prevalence rates of ever and current e-cigarette use among secondary school students in Heilongjiang Province were high. E-cigarette advertisements, the smoking status of their close friends, and whether they saw teachers smoking in the school were the main factors affecting e-cigarette use among secondary school students in Heilongjiang Province. It is necessary to focus on constructing smoke-free environments and increase health education related to e-cigarette knowledge on risk in developing a smoke-free campus in the whole province.

[Smoking relapse rate and influencing factors in smokers aged 15 years and above in China].

Objective: To describe the relapse status of smokers aged ≥15 years in China, and investigate the main factors influencing their relapse behavior. Methods: The data of this study cames from the 2018 China Adult Tobacco Survey, covering 400 committees or villages in 200 districts or counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China. The relevant data of smoking and relapsing in residents aged ≥15 years were collected by face-to-face interview. Software SAS 9.4 was used to clean and analyze the data, and logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for relapse rate. Results: A total of 19 376 questionnaires were completed, with a response rate of 91.50%. In 2018, 66.05% of smokers aged ≥15 years in China had smoking relapse, in whom 66.59% were males and 55.79% were females. In all age groups, the age group 15-24 years had the highest smoking relapse rate (82.63%). Multivariate analysis showed that the younger age 15-24 years (OR=4.618,95%CI:1.981-10.763), e-cigarette use (OR=9.782,95%CI:3.139-30.490), and tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the past 30 days (OR=1.710,95%CI:1.291-2.265) were associated with higher smoking relapse rate. Compared with people who were allowed smoking at home or those without smoking limit, the smoking relapse rate in people who were not allowed to smoke at home (OR=0.562, 95%CI: 0.439-0.719) or those with smoking limit (OR=0.487, 95%CI: 0.366-0.647) was lower. Conclusion: The smoking relapse rate in Chinese smokers is high, especially in young people. It is suggested to conduct targeted intervention based on the results of this study to reduce the smoking relapse rate and help achieve the smoking control goal in Healthy China 2030.

Prognostic factors for 495 nonoperative esophageal squamous cancer patients receiving IMRT plus chemotherapy: A retrospective analysis.

PURPOSE: Chemoradiotherapy is regarded as a standard scheme for inoperable and unresectable esophageal cancers. Our aims were to explore the prognostic factors relevant to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plus chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Totally 495 ESCC patients undergoing IMRT combined with chemotherapy in our hospital between 2011 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Potential clinical prognosis-related factors were assessed by uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the ESCC patients were 2.25 and 1.24years, respectively. Uni- and multivariate analyses demonstrated the relevant independent prognostic factors of OS and PFS were gender, T stage, N stage, clinical stage, and tumor location (P<0.05), but not chemotherapy or radiotherapy dose. We further compared the 5-year OS rates among different T stages, N stages, clinical stages, genders, and tumor locations. The survival rate at the higher clinical stage was significantly lower (P<0.001). The 5-year OS in the upper thorax of the tumor was 46.0% and exceeded other tumor locations (P<0.05). The 5-year OS was 56.1% among females and 33.3% among males (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For ESCC patients receiving IMRT combined with chemotherapy, their long-term curative effects are influenced by T stages, N stages, clinical stages, genders, and tumor locations. ESCC patients who are females, or have upper thoracic tumor, or are at early clinical stage own better prognosis.

[Study on smoking behavior and its changes among Chinese people aged 15 years and above in 2018].

Objective: To describe the current status of smoking among Chinese people aged 15 and above and analyze its epidemic evolution. Methods: A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling design of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey was used. The cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to December 2018, covering 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces of China. Field data was collected through in-house face-to-face interviews by trained investigators using a tablet computer. 19 376 individual questionnaires were completed, with an overall response rate of 91.50%. The data were weighted for complex sampling and analyzed with SAS 9.4. Results: In 2018, the current smoking prevalence of adults aged 15 and above was 26.59%, with that higher among males (50.47%) than among females (2.07%) and higher among those in rural (28.87%) than among those in urban areas (25.05%). The quitting rate was 20.10%, with a higher rate among females (30.22%) than males (19.64%). However, there was no significant difference between rural and urban areas (P=0.864). Compared with the previous data, the smoking rate tends to drop, with a substantial decrease among the 25-44 age groups and 45-64 age groups. The most significant decline occurs among those with higher education (Junior college and above). In addition, in 2018, current daily smokers aged 15 and above in China started to smoke daily at an average age of 20.95 years old. For current smokers, 16.00 cigarettes were consumed each day on average. Conclusion: Although the current smoking prevalence among the Chinese population aged 15 and above tends to decrease, the decreasing speed is too slow to achieve the target set in the Healthy China Action (2019-2030). Consequently, much more effective efforts to control tobacco need to be enforced.

[Quit intention and smoking cessation behavior of current smokers aged 15 years and above in China, 2018].

Objective: To describe the current situation on quit intention and quit attempts among current smokers aged 15 years and above in China and explore the main factors affecting their smoking cessation behaviors. Methods: The subjects were people aged 15 years and above in China. A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling method was used. The survey covered 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), including 19 376 people under investigation. The data were weighted with SAS 9.4 for complex sampling analysis, and the frequency and weighted component ratio were used for description. The influencing factors were studied using the Rao Scott χ2 test and unconditional multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among current smokers, 6.63% reported that they planned to quit smoking in the next month, 5.44% for men and 8.49% for women. 17.96% of the current smokers made quit attempts in the past 12 months, with 17.80% men and 22.15% women. People who smoke occasionally (OR=3.42, 95%CI: 2.09-5.59) made quit attempts in the past (OR=4.91, 95%CI: 0.33-0.52) and knew that smoking would lead to three diseases (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.48-3.40) had higher quit intention. People who occasionally smoke (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.20-2.34) received smoking cessation suggestions from medical staff (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.62-2.37), were a ware of that smoking causes three diseases (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.32-2.02) and had smoking prohibition regulations in indoor areas of their homes, had a higher rate of quit attempts. Conclusion: Providing effective smoking cessation intervention services and creating a supportive tobacco control environment are significant in promoting smoking cessation behavior.

[Secondhand smoke exposure and its influencing factors among Chinese people aged 15 years and above in 2010 and 2018].

Objective: To investigate secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-current smokers aged 15 and over and its influencing factors in China in 2010 and 2018. Methods: The 2010 and 2018 China Adult Tobacco Surveys used multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods to obtain national representative samples across 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. This study selected non-current smokers aged 15 and over as the research subjects to describe the general demographic characteristics, perceptions of SHS hazards, attitudes towards smoking bans in indoor areas in public places, and SHS exposure and the smoking restriction regulations in different places. The Rao-Scott χ2 test was used to compare the rates, and the unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of SHS exposure. All the subjects in the analysis were weighted based on a complex sampling design. Results: Among non-current smokers aged 15 and over, from 2010 to 2018, the percentage of indoor smokers had decreased from 84.7% to 71.9%. The rates of people who saw smoking in various places declined with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The exposure to SHS for females, people aged 45-64, teachers, medical staff, workers in enterprises, businesses, waiters, and people who live in rural and central areas declined. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 2018, the percentage of SHS exposure for those who reported a comprehensive smoking ban in households or allowed smoking in certain areas was lower than for those who reported allowed or without a smoking ban. Among those aged 25-44, SHS exposure for those who reported complete smoking prohibition in workplaces was lower than those who reported allowed or without smoking prohibition (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.49-0.87). The proportion of SHS exposure for those who believe that smoking should not be allowed in indoor areas of 0-5 public places is higher than that smoking should not be allowed in the indoor spaces of 8 public places (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.35-3.36). Among people aged 45-64, the proportions of SHS exposure for teachers (OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.17-0.78) and medical staff (OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.16-0.76) and staff working in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy were lower than governmental staff (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.29-0.84). Conclusions: Data from the decreased exposure of Chinese non-current smokers aged 15 and over to SHS suggests the initial achievement through constructing a smoke-free environment, but continued efforts are needed. It is necessary to actively advocate for smoke-free families, strengthen publicity and education on the hazards of tobacco and SHS, and improve the skills of non-smokers in rejecting SHS exposure.

[Analysis of exposure to tobacco advertisement and promotion among Chinese adults aged 15 years and above, 2010 and 2018].

Objective: To investigate the exposure to tobacco advertisements and promotions among Chinese adults aged 15 and above, identify the publicity channels and forms of tobacco advertising and promotion in 2010 and 2018, and implicate further tobacco control measures in China. Methods: A multistage, stratified, randomized cluster sampling design was used in 2010 and 2018 China Adult Tobacco Survey, with national representativeness. 13 354 and 19 376 permanent residents were selected in the 2010 and 2018 surveys. SAS 9.4 software was applied for data analysis, and all the data were weighted based on a complex sampling design. Rao Scott χ2 test was used for group comparison of a single factor. Results: In 2010 and 2018, 19.61% and 18.14% of the survey respondents did see tobacco advertising and promotion. From 2010 to 2018, there was no significant change in the situation of tobacco advertisements and promotions. Among those who had gone to a cigarette shop, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements increased from 29.28% in 2010 to 43.28% in 2018. Among those who had seen tobacco advertisements on TV, the rate fell from 50.93% in 2010 to 28.58% in 2018. Among those who had gone to movie theaters, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements increased from 2.17% in 2010 to 9.89% in 2018. Among those who had used the Internet, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements online rose from 19.20% in 2010 to 42.30% in 2018. In terms of tobacco promotion, the percentages of people who had seen tobacco promotions, cigarette price discounts, cigarette discount coupons, gifts, and other preferential activities in various places in the past 30 days were 4.99% vs. 9.30%, 0.78% vs. 4.09%, 0.04% vs. 0.33% and 0.98% vs. 3.33% in 2010 and 2018, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions: Tobacco advertising and promotion are still prevalent in China, with no significant change in 2010 and 2018. Tobacco advertising and promotion have been with the constant changes and development of media platforms. It is necessary to improve the implementation of relevant policies, comprehensively ban tobacco advertisements and promotions, and strengthen the supervision of ads and promotions.

[Treatment strategies and research progress of acute ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis].

In the past,treatment of acute ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT) was mainly based on anticoagulation alone,but 30%-50% of patients will develop post-thrombotic syndrome,causing a serious medical burden.Thrombus removal technology such as catheter-directed thrombolysis and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy can effectively remove blood clots and compensate for the deficiencies of simple anticoagulation,which is expected to improve the prognosis of such disease,but the current evidence is insufficient,and other treatments such as filter implantation and compression therapy are also controversial.This article summarizes the treatment strategies and the latest progress of acute IFDVT,hoping to help the treatment of this type of disease.

A comparison between raltitrexed plus cisplatin and docetaxel plus cisplatin in concurrent chemoradiation for non-surgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is considered as a standard treatment for unresectable and inoperable esophageal cancer (EC) patients. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal synchronous chemotherapy regimen and the best combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of raltitrexed plus cisplatin and docetaxel plus cisplatin to find a safe and effective concurrent chemotherapy schedule. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our retrospective study included 151 EC patients treated with raltitrexed and cisplatin (RP) (n=90) or docetaxel and cisplatin (DP) (n=61) from 2011 till 2018. Survival outcomes and treatment related toxicity were analyzed between the two groups. RESULTS: PFS and OS were 18 and 34 months in the RP group, while 13 and 20 months in the DP group (P=0.118 and P=0.270). The 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates of the RP group were 71.1, 55.4 and 46.4%. For the DP group, these were 63.9, 44.3 and 37.6%, respectively. Compared with DP group, RP group received a superior CR rate (68.9% versus 52.5%, P=0.041). There was a trend that the total number of toxic reactions in RP group was lower than that in DP group (P=0.058). CONCLUSIONS: Even RP and DP groups have the similar survival outcomes and toxicity, raltitrexed/cisplatin get a higher complete response rate. Our study suggests that raltitrexed combined with cisplatin is a safe and effective concurrent chemotherapy regimen and it might be used as an alternative for cisplatin/5-FU and cisplatin/docetaxel in CCRT for EC patients.

Effect of miR-202-5p-mediated ATG7 on autophagy and apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to research the effect of miR-202-5p-mediated ATG7 on autophagy and apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue of patients with intervertebral disc degenerative disease and normal intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue of patients with spinal fractures was collected as the research object. Normal NP cells and degenerative NP cells were isolated. Low expression of miR-202-5p and overexpression of ATG7 were carried out in degenerative NP cells. The expression of miR-202-5p and ATG7 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of ATG7, LC3-II, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins was detected by Western blot. The autophagy of cells was detected by MDC staining. The apoptosis of NP cells was detected by flow cytometry. The targeting relationship between miR-202-5p and ATG7 was detected by Dual-Luciferase reporter. RESULTS: In the degenerative NP tissues, miR-202-5p was highly expressed and ATG7 was low expressed. The inhibition of miR-202-5p expression can effectively promote autophagy of NP cells, increase the expression of ATG7 and LC3-II, inhibit the apoptosis of NP cells, inhibit the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, and promote the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 proteins. The upregulation of ATG7 expression in degenerative NP cells alone had the same effect as the downregulation of miR-202-5p. The assay of the Dual-Luciferase reporter confirmed the targeting relationship between miR-202-5p and ATG7. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-202-5p can affect the autophagy and apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells through targeted adjustment of ATG7, which may be a new therapeutic target for intervertebral disc degenerative diseases.

[The dosimetry comparison study between 3D print template and free-hand guided of precision (125)I seeds implantation on superficial metastatic carcinoma].

Objective: To compare the dose difference of (125)I seeds implantation on superficial metastatic carcinoma between 3D print template guided operation and traditional implantation. To investigate the accuracy of seeds implantation according preplan guided by 3D print template. Methods: A total of 21 cases of patient with 27 lesions underwent (125)I seeds implantation from January 2015 to May 2018 in Hebei General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. In which, ten lesions underwent seeds implantation guided by 3D print template (template group) and 17 lesions underwent free-hand traditional implantation (traditional group). All patients had been fixed as the position of operation and then performed CT scan. After preplan was designed, the 3D templates were printed in template group. Postplan was performed after the operation.The dose volume histogram, D90 was calculated. The D90 pre and post operation were collected and compared in each group. The difference of D90 and the percentage difference of D90 between pre and post operation were calculated by the formula D90d=D90post-D90pre, D90d%=(D90post-D90pre)/D90pre×100%, and compared the difference between two groups. Results: The mean D90 pre and post operation in template group were (92±26) and (93±27) Gy respectively, t=-0.749, P=0.473. The mean D90 pre and post operation in traditional group were (104±29) and (104±26) Gy respectively, t=-0.139, P=0.891. The difference of D90 in two groups were (3.1±2.4) and (10.0±8.7) Gy, Z=-2.5, P=0.012. The percentage difference of D90 in two groups were 3.1%±1.9% and 9.5%±7.9%, Compared with the traditional group, the template group had smaller fluctuations, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.7, P=0.006) (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The dose parameters of 3D template guided seeds implantation between postplan and preplan are nearly consistent.3D template has good repeatability, which provides a theoretical basis for the popularization of 3D printing technology.

The role of let-7 and HMGA2 in the occurrence and development of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic role of microRNA let-7 in lung cancer and the relationship between the expression of HMGA2 and clinical significance of lung cancer by meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies on the correlation between the low expression of let-7 and the prognosis of lung cancer, and between the expression of HMGA2 and the occurrence and development of NSCLC were identified by searching PubMed, Web of the Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CNKI, CBM, and VIP databases. The StataSE12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies correlating the low expression of let-7 with the lung cancer prognosis were analyzed. The results suggest that the low expression of let-7 indicates a poor overall survival rate, with a hazard ratio value of 1.55 (95%CI:1.16-2.09, p<0.05). Furthermore, nine case-control studies of HMGA2 expression in NSCLC tissues were evaluated. The results showed that the expression of HMGA2 in lung cancer is significantly higher than in normal paraneoplastic tissues. High expression of HMAG2 has been observed in patients with late TNM stages and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Low expression of let-7 is closely related to the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. The higher expression of HMGA2 in lung tissues correlates positively with the occurrence and invasiveness of lung cancer. Among malignant tumors, lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality. Early diagnosis and accurate prognosis are the keys to improving the survival rate of patients with this disease.

[Risk factors for long-term result of endovascular treatment for auto-immune disease related abdominal aorta pseudo-aneurysm].

Objective: To summarize results of endovascular treatment for auto-immune disease related abdominal aorta pseudo-aneurysm(AIPA), and to analysis clinical predictors of long term major adverse clinical events(MACE). Methods: Retrospectively collected endovascular treatment for AIPA cases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital within 2000 to 2015. Twenty-nine cases with AIPA treated by endovascular therapy were enrolled in this study. Twenty five cases were male, range from 23 to 67 years old, mean age was (39.3±11.4) years old.Demographic characters, locations of aneurysms, type to auto-immune disease, immuno medical therapy, operation strategy and long term follow-up data were reported. Statistical analysis was made to verify clinical predictors of long-term MACE. Results: Among the 29 cases, 22 cases with bechet's disease, 4 cases with Takayasu's arteritis, 2 cases with systemic lupus erythematosus, 1 cases with polyarteritis nodosa. Eight cases had ruptured or pending ruptured pesudo-aneurysms, the rest 21 cases had dull pain or no overt symptome. Twenty-four cases had infra-renal artery aneurysms, two were para-and supra-renal artery, two were supra-celiac artery, and the rest one had multiple aneurysms involved thoracic and abdominal aorta.All the cases received regular immune medical therapy except the three emergency cases. All the operations were under general anaesthesia. Nineteen cases underwent classical Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), 5 cases underwent fenestration EVAR, the rest 5 cases underwent hybrid procedure. All the 29 operations were successful, without conversion to open surgery. Major peri-operation complication included 3 incision infection, 3 pulmonary infection. No death occurred. All the cases received regular follow-up from 1 to 120 months. There were five recurrence of pseudo-aneurysm, 1 case suffered from iliac limb occlusion. 5 cases received re-intervention procedure. No occlusion of revascularizal visceral artery was found during follow-up. There were 3 deaths during follow-up, with 1 aneurysm related death, the rest died due to other reasons. Single factors logical regressions analysis showed discontinuing immune medicine therapy and age no less than 40 years significantly related long-term MACE(P<0.05). Meanwhile, type of original auto-immune disease, none classical EVAR were not significant related to MACE. Conclusions: Endovascular therapy is safe and effective for AIPA. Regular peri-operation and long-term immunotherapy is key to success.

[Effectiveness of unilateral selective laser trabeculoplasty for primary open angle glaucoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of unilateral selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on the both eyes of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: This was a self-controlled clinical study. Thirty-two patients of 32 eyes with OAG who used same anti-glaucoma medications for both eyes were included aat the Department of Ophthalmology Peking University third Hospital from February 2010 to April 2014. SLT was performed for the poorly controlled eye for each patient. Patients were examined before operation and 1 hour, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation. The intraocular pressure was examined after 1 hour of SLT. The rest time points were examined by visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp microscope, fundus ophthalmoscope and visual field. The paired t test (Bonferroni) was used to compare the IOP at each time point after SLT with the baseline IOP before SLT. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the percentage of IOP drop. Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the amplitude of the decrease of IOP between treated eyes and untreated eyes at 6-month post-operatively and analyze the IOP between preoperative eyes and 6-month post-operative eyes. The magnitude of the decrease of IOP in patients with glaucoma medication and 6 months after surgery was analyzed. We also analyzed the types of antiglaucoma medications and IOP reductions range for 6 month after SLT. RESULTS: The preoperative mean IOP was (18.9±2.5) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) in the treated eye of patients with OAG. Mean IOP reduction for 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after SLT were (1.7±2.9) mmHg, (2.5±2.5) mmHg, (3.5±2.8) mmHg, (3.4±2.5) mmHg and the percentage of IOP reduction were (8±16) %, (13±13) % (18±14) %, (18±12) % respectively (compared with the baseline, P< 0.05) . With the success criteria of IOP reduction ≥3.0 mmHg or ≥20%, the success rate of SLT in the treated eye after 1 week, 1, 3, 6 months was 38%, 52%, 50% and 60% respectively. For the untreated fellow eyes, the preoperative mean IOP was (17.3±2.4) mmHg. Mean IOP reduction for 1 week, 1month, 3 month, and 6 month after SLT were (1.1±2.0) mmHg, (1.0±2.7) mmHg, (2.6±2.2) mmHg and (2.5±2.2) mmHg respectively (compared with the baseline, P<0.05) . There was a positive correlation between preoperative IOP and IOP reduction either in the treated or in the untreated eyes at 6-month post-SLT (R=0.63, P<0.01; R=0.60, P<0.01) . There was a positive correlation in IOP reduction between treated eyes and untreated eyes at 6-month post-operative (R=0.66, P<0.01). All patients didn't need further treatment such as another laser treatment or surgery. Anti-glaucoma medications were remained unchanged after SLT. CONCLUSIONS: In poorly anti-glaucoma medication controlled Chinese POAG eyes with mean IOP about 18.0 mmHg, unilateral STL can reduce the IOP about 18% at 6-month post-operative for the treated eyes. There was also a continuous IOP reduction effects for the fellow eyes.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52: 410-415).

[Dose comparison between pre and post operation of 125I seeds implantation guided by 3D print tamplate].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the dose difference between pre and post operation of (125)I seeds implantation guided by 3D print tamplate and investigate the dose accuracy. METHODS: From August 2015 to November 2015, a total of 9 patients were selected and underwent 3D print tamplate guided (125)I seeds implantation in Hebei General Hospital. All patients had been fixed as the position of operation and then performed CT scan. After preplan was designed, the 3D tamplates were printed. The tumors were punctured through needles holes predesigned. Another CT scan was used to confirm the locations of needles and then seeds were implanted into tumor according to preplan. Postplan was performed after the operation. The D90, V90, V100, V150 and seeds number pre and post operation were collected and compared. RESULTS: The mean D90, V90, V100, V150 and seeds number preoperation was (7 684±3 279)cGy, 93.2%±0.8%, 89.8%±0.9%, 62.8%±4.7% and 58±17 respectively. The mean D90, V90, V100, V150 and seeds number postoperation was (7 531±3 523) cGy, 92.4%±2.0%, 88.0%±2.5%, 61.9%±5.3% and 56±17 respectively. The difference of all data between pre and post operation was not statistically significant (all P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The dose parameters in postplan show no difference compared with preplan. For the fixed tumor, 3D print tamplate guided seeds implantation may become an easy repeated and standard procedure.

Bioequivalence of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers.

We aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of clopidogrel in healthy Chinese volunteers after administration of a single oral dose. We administered a single oral dose of 75 mg clopidogrel (test and reference) to 32 healthy Chinese volunteers according to an open, randomized, crossover design. The concentration of clopidogrel acid (carboxylic metabolite of clopidogrel) in the plasma was determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioequivalence of the test and reference preparations were calculated using analysis of variance and one-sided t-test by using the DAS 2.0 software. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations were as follows: peak plasma concentration (Cmax), 1351.101 ± 654.955 ng/mL and 1184.652 ± 607.713 ng/mL; area under the curve, 2642.017 ± 1093.848 ng·h/mL and 2780.666 ± 1283.100 ng·h/mL; and time to reach Cmax (Tmax), 0.789 ± 0.318 h and 0.953 ± 0.633 h, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the formulation was 101.7 ± 35.3%, which indicated that the test preparation was bioequivalent to the reference drug.

Effectiveness and security of CT-guided percutaneous implantation of (125)I seeds in pancreatic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and security of CT-guided percutaneous implantation of iodine-125 ((125)I)-labelled seeds in pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 36 patients (25 males and 11 females) with an average age of 57 years (range, 39-84 years) were enrolled and categorized into Stage III (27 cases) and Stage IV (9 cases) of pancreatic cancer. There were 3 tumours in the pancreatic head and 33 tumours in the pancreatic body or tail. The average diameter of the tumours was 37.1 mm (range, 15-65 mm). The implantation of (125)I seeds was performed by using 18-G needles (length, 150-200 mm) through the anterior, lateral and posterior approaches. Then, (125)I seeds were loaded and released into the lesions. RESULTS: Implantations were performed via the anterior (23 patients), lateral (9 patients) and posterior (4 patients) approaches. During implantation, 3-14 punctures were performed for each patient, and a total of 164 punctures were recorded. Meanwhile, a total of 657 seeds were implanted with an average of 25.27 (range, 12-50) seeds per patient, and the success rate was 100%. The activity of each seed ranged from 0.55 to 0.65 mCi. A main adverse event occurred in one puncture and minor events in seven punctures. No significant relationship between the punctures or adverse events was identified. No serious complication was detected after the implantations during follow-up visits. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that CT-guided percutaneous implantation of (125)I seeds in a pancreatic carcinoma was relatively safe and effective for treating unresectable pancreatic cancer. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: The CT-guided percutaneous implantation of (125)I seeds in unresectable pancreatic cancer showed highly successful rates without serious complications.

Effect of CYP2C9*3 mutant variants on meloxicam pharmacokinetics in a healthy Chinese population.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the CYP2C9*3 (CYP2C9 1075 A>C) polymorphism on meloxicam pharmacokinetics in a Chinese population. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The pyrosequencing technique was used to identify polymorphisms of CYP2C9. The concentration of meloxicam in plasma was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay with mass spectrographic analysis. The Drug and Statistics Software (DAS, version 2.0) was used for curve fitting and calculations of pharmacokinetic parameters. The effects of CYP2C9*3 variant genotypes on meloxicam pharmacokinetics were compared with those of the wild type genotype. Among the 24 volunteers, two AC heterozygotes were observed in the multi-dose group. CYP2C9*3 was found to play an important role in the metabolism of meloxicam by reducing its enzymatic activity. Therefore, results of this study provide helpful information regarding inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability in the Chinese population.

(125)I particle implantation combined with chemoradiotherapy to treat advanced pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapy effects of (125)I implantation combined with chemoradiotherapy on pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS: 30 patients with Stage III or IV pancreatic cancer were equally divided into two groups (control and treatment group). The patients in the treatment group (nine males, six females) received chemotherapy in the first week and (125)I implantation in the third week, followed by combined chemoradiotherapy in the fifth week. The patients in the control group (10 males, 5 females) received the same treatment except (125)I implantation. The therapy in the control group and treatment group was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: The median conformal radiotherapy dose in the treatment group (30.62 Gy) was significantly lower than that in the control group (47.86 Gy). The total radiation dose was 88.71 ± 27.39 Gy, and the surface activity was 0.6 mCi in the treatment group. After treatment, the average tumour size decreased both in the treatment group [9.17 cm(2), 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.60-12.74, p < 0.001] and in the control group (4.54 cm(2), 95% CI: 2.74-6.35, p < 0.001). The median survival time in the treatment group was 14 months (95% CI: 12.215-14.785) and in the control group was 12 months (95% CI: 10.884-13.116). There was no statistical significance in survival rates between the two groups (χ(2) = 0.908, p = 0.341). CONCLUSION: (125)I implanted into tumour combined with chemoradiotherapy has higher local control rate of advanced pancreatic cancer than chemoradiotherapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: We combined chemoradiotherapy with (125)I implantation to treat advanced pancreatic cancer and obtained a higher local control rate and better quality of life than when using chemoradiatherapy alone.