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Introduction: 'Porcelain aorta' is listed in the second consensus document of the Valve Academic Research Consortium as a risk factor in aortic valve replacement. However, the extent of circumferential involvement is poorly defined with great variability in reported incidence. We present a simple, reproducible classification to describe the extent of aortic calcification and thus appropriately define 'porcelain aorta', aiding clinical decision-making and registry data collection. Methods: 175 consecutive CT aortograms were reviewed. The aorta was divided into three sections, and each section divided into quadrants. These were individually scored using a 5-point scale (0-no calcification, 5-complete contiguous calcification).Results for each quadrant were summated for each segment to provide an indication of the distribution of calcification. Results: Only one patient (0.6%) had a 'true' porcelain aorta, defined as contiguous calcification across all quadrants at any aortic level. Intraobserver and interobserver variation was excellent for the ascending aorta (K=0.85-0.88 and 0.81-0.96, respectively) while the interobserver variation in the transverse arch was good at 0.75. Conclusions: Our data suggest the incidence of 'true' porcelain aorta may be significantly lower than reported in the literature. The predominance of calcification within the anterior wall of the proximal ascending aorta and the superior wall of the transverse arch may be clinically important. Application of this quick, simple and reproducible grading system, with no requirement for advanced software, may provide a tool to support accurate assessment of focal aortic calcification and its relationship to subsequent procedural risk.
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BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between arterial access site choice (radial versus femoral) and clinical outcomes among STEMI patients undergoing routine PCI after fibrinolysis. METHODS: Patient-level data from trials of STEMI patients evaluating routine PCI after fibrinolysis were included. The primary endpoint was 30-day major bleeding; secondary endpoints included 30-day death and re-infarction. RESULTS: 1891 patients underwent PCI (trans-radial n=338, trans-femoral n=1553). Trans-radial PCI patients were less likely to be >75years (2% vs. 8%, p=0.0001), heavier (median weight 82 [72-90] vs. 80 [70-90] kg, p=0.0013) and more likely in Killip class I at presentation (87% vs. 82%, p=0.03). At 30days, trans-radial PCI was associated with a similar unadjusted risk for major bleeding (3.7% vs. 1.2%, Odds Ratio [OR] 0.43 [95% CI 0.13-1.48], p=0.18), mortality (3.4% vs. 1.2%, OR 0.34 [0.09-1.28], p=0.11) and re-infarction (3.9% vs. 4.7%, OR 1.25 [0.60-2.58], p=0.56). In multivariable analysis, radial access was associated with similar estimates for bleeding and death/reinfarction risk. CONCLUSIONS: In STEMI patients treated with fibrinolysis and undergoing an early routine invasive strategy, radial compared to femoral PCI is chosen in younger, less ill patients and is independently associated with similar risk of bleeding, re-infarction, and mortality. SUMMARY: This study evaluated the relationship between arterial access choice (radial versus femoral) and in-hospital and 30-day outcomes in patients undergoing routine PCI after fibrinolysis for STEMI. We included patient-level data from trials evaluating a strategy of routine PCI after fibrinolysis for STEMI. Of 1891 patients undergoing PCI, trans-radial access (n=338) was chosen in younger, lower risk patients. At 30days, trans-radial access was associated with a similar unadjusted and adjusted risk of major bleeding, re-infarction and mortality.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Periférico/métodos , Artéria Femoral , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Artéria Radial , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/terapia , Terapia Trombolítica , Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/mortalidade , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Pontuação de Propensão , Punções , Artéria Radial/diagnóstico por imagem , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Recidiva , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/mortalidade , Terapia Trombolítica/efeitos adversos , Terapia Trombolítica/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Septo Interatrial/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Idoso , Apêndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Apêndice Atrial/cirurgia , Septo Interatrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Hipertensão/cirurgia , Simpatectomia/métodos , Anti-Hipertensivos/economia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Arritmias Cardíacas/prevenção & controle , Síndrome Cardiorrenal/prevenção & controle , Ablação por Cateter/economia , Ablação por Cateter/instrumentação , Análise Custo-Benefício , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Resistência a Medicamentos , Eletrodos , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/economia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Seleção de Pacientes , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/economia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Artéria Renal/inervação , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Centros Cirúrgicos/economia , Centros Cirúrgicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Simpatectomia/economia , Simpatectomia/instrumentação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The ZOMAXX I trial tested the noninferiority of a zotarolimus-eluting coronary stent (ZoMaxx(™) ) when compared with a paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent (Taxus(™) Express(2™) ) in a randomized trial of percutaneous intervention for de novo coronary artery stenosis. Angiographic analysis at the primary endpoint of 9 months has been reported previously. The purpose of this follow-on analysis was to describe the clinical results of the ZoMaxx and Taxus cohorts of the ZOMAXX I trial after 5 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the ZOMAXX I trial, 199 patients received a ZoMaxx stent and 197 patients received a Taxus stent at 29 investigative sites in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. The two groups were generally well matched with respect to both clinical and lesional characteristics, including the incidence of diabetes (ZoMaxx 22% vs. Taxus 26%; P = 0.29), reference vessel diameter (ZoMaxx 2.79 ± 0.43 mm vs. Taxus 2.81 ± 0.46 mm; P = 0.65), and lesion length (ZoMaxx 14.9 ± 5.7 mm vs. Taxus 14.6 ± 5.5; P = 0.61). Through 5 years of follow-up, a total of 21 patients had died, six patients had withdrawn, nine had been lost to follow-up, and 13 missed their 5-year visit, leaving a total of 347 patients for analysis (169 ZoMaxx and 178 Taxus). At the 5-year time point, there were no significant differences in any clinical metric including ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR; ZoMaxx 10.6% vs. Taxus 7.1%; P = 0.29), Q-wave myocardial infarction (ZoMaxx 1.5% vs. Taxus 1.0%; P = 0.99), definite/probable stent thrombosis (ZoMaxx 1.5% vs. Taxus 3.0%; P = 0.34), and cardiac death (ZoMaxx 3.0% vs. Taxus 1.0%; P = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: After 5 years, the differences in clinical outcome between patients treated with ZoMaxx vs. Taxus stents did not reach statistical significance. However, the nominally higher rate of ischemia-driven TLR (10.6 vs. 7.1%) and the previously reported higher rate of restenosis after 9 months suggest that the ZoMaxx stent afforded less neointimal inhibition when compared with Taxus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administração & dosagem , Estenose Coronária/terapia , Stents Farmacológicos , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Sirolimo/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Austrália , Angiografia Coronária , Reestenose Coronária/etiologia , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Coronária/mortalidade , Trombose Coronária/etiologia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Neointima , Nova Zelândia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Desenho de Prótese , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The occurrence of angina necessitated investigation of a patient seven years after an operation to protect his dilated Marfan aorta. The customized support, manufactured by a process of computer-aided design, had been fitted in May 2004 when the aortic root measured 49 mm. The magnetic resonance imaging appearances of the aorta remained unchanged over a postoperative period of 7 years and he remained completely well until he began to experience exercise-related angina in 2011. Coronary angiography showed the cause of angina to be an atherosclerotic left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis which was successfully stented. Aortography and coronary angiography performed at that time showed widely patent coronary orifices with no sign of impingement of the external support on the smooth lumen of his coronary arteries. The soft pliant nature of the textile from which the support was made, its intimate fit to the aorta and porous nature allowing incorporation into the aortic adventitia were deliberately built into the design. Nevertheless it was affirming to see these features realized on imaging seven years later. The patient is again completely well and angina free. He is one of a consecutive series of 30 patients who have had this device. There have been no device-related events in over 100 patient/years of follow-up, and all the patients remain alive and well.
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Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Aortografia , Angiografia Coronária , Síndrome de Marfan/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Vasos Coronários , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Síndrome de Marfan/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the ability of the SYNTAX score (SXscore) to stratify risk in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using zotarolimus-eluting or everolimus-eluting stents. BACKGROUND: The SXscore can identify patients treated with PCI who are at highest risk of adverse events. METHODS: The SXscore was calculated prospectively in 2,033 of the 2,292 patients enrolled in the RESOLUTE All Comers study (RESOLUTE III All Comers Trial: A Randomized Comparison of a Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent With an Everolimus-Eluting Stent for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). Clinical outcomes in terms of a patient-oriented composite endpoint (POCE) of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and repeat revascularization; the individual components of POCE; target lesion failure (TLF) (a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel MI, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization); and stent thrombosis were subsequently stratified according to SXscore tertiles: SXscore(LOW) ≤ 9 (n = 698), 9
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Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/instrumentação , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administração & dosagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Stents Farmacológicos , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Sirolimo/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Reestenose Coronária/etiologia , Reestenose Coronária/mortalidade , Europa (Continente) , Everolimo , Feminino , Humanos , Israel , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: New-generation coronary stents that release zotarolimus or everolimus have been shown to reduce the risk of restenosis. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in efficacy and safety between the two types of stents on the basis of prospectively adjudicated end points endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration. METHODS: In this multicenter, noninferiority trial with minimal exclusion criteria, we randomly assigned 2292 patients to undergo treatment with coronary stents releasing either zotarolimus or everolimus. Twenty percent of patients were randomly selected for repeat angiography at 13 months. The primary end point was target-lesion failure, defined as a composite of death from cardiac causes, any myocardial infarction (not clearly attributable to a nontarget vessel), or clinically indicated target-lesion revascularization within 12 months. The secondary angiographic end point was the extent of in-stent stenosis at 13 months. RESULTS: At least one off-label criterion for stent placement was present in 66% of patients. The zotarolimus-eluting stent was noninferior to the everolimus-eluting stent with respect to the primary end point, which occurred in 8.2% and 8.3% of patients, respectively (P<0.001 for noninferiority). There were no significant between-group differences in the rate of death from cardiac causes, any myocardial infarction, or revascularization. The rate of stent thrombosis was 2.3% in the zotarolimus-stent group and 1.5% in the everolimus-stent group (P=0.17). The zotarolimus-eluting stent was also noninferior regarding the degree (+/-SD) of in-stent stenosis (21.65+/-14.42% for zotarolimus vs. 19.76+/-14.64% for everolimus, P=0.04 for noninferiority). In-stent late lumen loss was 0.27+/-0.43 mm in the zotarolimus-stent group versus 0.19+/-0.40 mm in the everolimus-stent group (P=0.08). There were no significant between-group differences in the rate of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: At 13 months, the new-generation zotarolimus-eluting stent was found to be noninferior to the everolimus-eluting stent in a population of patients who had minimal exclusion criteria. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00617084.)
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Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Stents Farmacológicos , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Sirolimo/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Reestenose Coronária , Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Everolimo , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Intenção de Tratamento , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Desenho de Prótese , Retratamento , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Falha de TratamentoAssuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/instrumentação , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administração & dosagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Stents Farmacológicos , Metais , Stents , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/economia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/economia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Stents Farmacológicos/economia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Desenho de Prótese , Sistema de Registros , Stents/economia , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Stents Farmacológicos , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Reestenose Coronária/prevenção & controle , Trombose Coronária/etiologia , Trombose Coronária/mortalidade , Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Stents Farmacológicos/economia , Stents Farmacológicos/normas , Métodos Epidemiológicos , França , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Revascularização Miocárdica/efeitos adversos , Revascularização Miocárdica/normasAssuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/normas , Consenso , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Cirurgia Torácica , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/tendências , Competência Clínica , Pessoal de Saúde/normas , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Seleção de Pacientes , Médicos/normas , Sociedades MédicasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to compare the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count (CTFC) with coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The relationship between CTFC and CFVR has not been adequately assessed in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: We studied 62 patients who underwent successful non-emergent PCI. All patients had Doppler evaluation of CFVR, CTFC, and quantitative coronary angiography. In an additional 17 patients, a frame count reserve was calculated as baseline CTFC/CTFC at peak hyperemia, induced by intracoronary adenosine after PCI. RESULTS: The CTFC decreased from 27 +/- 13 to 18 +/- 8, and CFVR increased from 1.5 +/- 0.4 to 2.6 +/- 0.7 (both p < 0.0001). The pre-PCI CTFC and the CFVR were closely related to minimal lumen diameter (p < 0.0001). After PCI, there was no correlation between CFVR and CTFC. In addition, no relationship was observed between CFVR and the frame count reserve. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant correlation between CFVR and CTFC in patients undergoing coronary intervention. The relative utility of these measures in predicting outcomes in this setting requires further evaluation, but CTFC (or frame count reserve) does not appear to be an adequate surrogate measure of Doppler-derived CFVR.
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Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Circulação Coronária , Vasos Coronários/fisiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Adenosina , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Circulação Colateral , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
We report 2 cases of directional coronary atherectomy performed by using the Percu-Surge System to prevent distal embolization. A discrete amount of material was aspirated after the procedure. No clinical sequelae occurred in the immediate follow-up. These cases underline the problem of distal embolization during directional atherectomy, and the possibility to prevent it by using protection devices.
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Aterectomia Coronária , Oclusão com Balão , Cuidados Intraoperatórios , Angiografia Coronária , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico , Estenose Coronária/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Estenose Coronária/cirurgia , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/cirurgia , Politetrafluoretileno , Veia Safena/transplante , Stents , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária , Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Recidiva , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Thromboembolism due to atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent cause of stroke. More than 90% of thrombi in AF form in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Obliteration of the appendage may prevent embolic complications. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated the feasibility and safety of implanting a novel device for percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion (PLAATO). LAA occlusion using the PLAATO system was attempted in 15 patients with chronic AF at high risk for stroke, who are poor candidates for long-term warfarin therapy. The implant consists of a self-expanding nitinol cage covered with a polymeric membrane (ePTFE). The LAA was successfully occluded in 15/15 patients (100%). Angiography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during the procedure showed that the device was well-seated in all patients and that there was no evidence of perforation, device embolization, or interference with surrounding structures. In 1 patient, the first procedure was complicated by a hemopericardium, which occurred during LAA access. A second attempt 30 days later was successful with no untoward sequela. No other complications occurred. At 1-month follow-up, chest fluoroscopy and TEE revealed continued stable implant position with smooth atrial-facing surface and no evidence of thrombus. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, transcatheter closure of the LAA is feasible in humans. This novel implant technology may be appropriate for patients with AF who are not suitable candidates for anticoagulation therapy. Further trials are needed to show the long-term safety and its efficacy in reducing stroke.