RESUMO
Recent studies have evaluated the possible efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, few trials have compared MBIs with a first-line treatment. This study evaluated the relative efficacy of an MBI adapted for SAD (MBI-SAD) to cognitive behaviour group therapy (CBGT) for SAD. Participants were randomized to 12 weekly group sessions of the MBI-SAD (n = 52) or CBGT (n = 45). Results revealed that CBGT fared better than the MBI-SAD in reducing clinician- and self-rated social anxiety severity. The difference between the MBI-SAD and CBGT exceeded the prespecified noninferiority margin for our primary outcome the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, but findings are inconclusive as the width of the confidence interval extended in both directions surrounding the noninferiority margin. The MBI-SAD compared favourably with CBGT in improving other indices of well-being (depression, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, social adjustment). Contrary to expectation, the MBI-SAD did not produce greater changes in mindfulness and self-compassion than CBGT. Overall, results confirm that CBGT is robust treatment for SAD and should be considered as first-line treatment.
Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Atenção Plena , Fobia Social/terapia , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Adulto , Cognição , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The parental bonding instrument (PBI) is a self-report questionnaire that was initially designed to retrospectively assess perceived parenting style during childhood in adult respondents. Recent studies have used the PBI to assess current perception of parenting in children. However, few studies have evaluated the psychometric properties of the PBI in children. This study examined the factor structure and reliability of the PBI in a sample of Canadian children aged 7-18 years (n = 257). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted separately for the mother and father form of the PBI and composite reliability was used to determine internal consistency of the PBI. A four-factor model (care, overprotection, autonomy, indifference) showed the best fit to the data. The PBI exhibited good internal consistency but poor convergent validity. Configural invariance was not found for the PBI between two age groups (7-12 and 13-18 years), however these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size in each age group. This study suggests the PBI may be a valid and reliable self-report measure of parental bonding in children but further research is needed.
Assuntos
Apego ao Objeto , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar , Psicometria/normas , Adolescente , Canadá , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Skin self-examination (SSE) is an effective method for melanoma survivors to detect potential cancerous growths sooner. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the SSE self-efficacy of patients with melanoma and their partners is affected by their partners' comfort and support during skin examinations. METHODS: 100 patient-partner dyads completed a 25-item sociodemographic questionnaire. Fifty-two partners attended an education session with the patient on skin examinations and the early detection of melanoma. All patients attended the education session. FINDINGS: Having their partners attend the education session, as well as being supportive and comfortable with skin examinations, significantly predicted patients' self-efficacy with SSEs. In addition, male patients were found to be significantly more comfortable with partner-assisted skin examinations and reported feeling more supported by their partner than female patients.
Assuntos
Melanoma/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Autoeficácia , Autoexame , Parceiros Sexuais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Melanoma Maligno CutâneoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Received Support Scale of the Berlin Social Support Scales in a Canadian sample of English and French language melanoma patients (N = 137). Participants received a skin self-examination education and completed self-report questionnaires. Exploratory factor analyses, reliability analyses, and independent samples t-tests were conducted. Findings support the unidimensionality of the Received Support Scale of the Berlin Social Support Scales. The psychometric similarities of the French and English versions of the scale, its strong internal consistency, as well as its convergent and discriminant validity support the use of the Received Support Scale of the Berlin Social Support Scales in patients with melanoma.
Assuntos
Melanoma/psicologia , Apoio Social , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Canadá , Estudos Transversais , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autorrelato , TraduçõesRESUMO
Using grounded theory methodology, this study examined the experiences of six BRCA1/2 gene mutation carriers (mean age = 38.5 years). Three types of stigmatization were identified: stigmatization by anticipation, stigmatization through rejection, and stigmatization by affiliation. Participants described potential impacts on their womanhood, felt threatened by others, and revealed fears that their children would inherit their stigmatization. These findings indicate the importance of psychological support in the follow-up of such patients.