[Radiochemotherapy for the treatment ofmuscle invasive bladder tumors in a west african radiotherapy service]. / Radiochimiotherapie pour le traitement des tumeurs de vessie infiltrant lemuscle dans un service de radiotherapie ouest africaine.

OBJECTIF: The aim of this study was to describe the results of radiochemotherapy in patients after transurethral resection of muscle invasive bladder tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study from May 2014 to May 2016 in the radiotherapy department of the Mali Hospital. Have been included, all patients with bladder cancer infiltrating the muscle. Secondary cancers of the bladder and metastatic forms have been excluded from our study. Transurethral resection of bladder was performed. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel- carboplatin was administered every three weeks in all patients, then external phototherapy 6 MV at a dose of 66 Gy due to 2 Gy of 5 sessions per week 6MV photon of external beam radiotherapy at a dose of 66 Gy due to 2 Gy of 5 sessions per week associated with concomitant cisplatin at dose of 40mg / m2 / week. RESULTS: Eight patients were included in ourstudy. The average age of 53.75 ± 14.84 years. The male sex was predominant 87.5% (n = 7). The history of chronic smoking wasfound in four patients. The main carcinogenic risk factor identified in our patients was urogenital bilharzia (6 cases / 8).The histological type found was urothelial carcinomain 12.5% (n = 1) and invasive squamous cell carcinomain 87.5% (n = 7). Transurethral resection of the tumor was performed in 62.5% (n = 5). Endoscopic biopsy was performed in 37.5% (n = 3). The tumor was classified pT2N0M0 in 50% (n = 4), pT3aN0M0 in 37.5% (n = 3) and pT3bN0M0 in 12.5% (n = 1). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel - carboplatin every three weeks was administered to all patients. The results of radiochemotherapy (see Table: evolution). CONCLUSION: Concomitant radiochemotherapy is a conservative curative treatment that can be proposed as a replacement for cystectomy, for non-metastatic infiltrating tumors after the most complete endoscopic resection.

OBJECTIF: Le but de cette étude était de décrire les résultats d'une radiochimiothérapie chez les patients après résection transurétrale des tumeurs de vessie infiltrant le muscle. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Une étude rétrospective allant de mai 2014 à mai 2016 au service de radiothérapie de l'hôpital du Mali. Ont été inclus, tous les patients présentant un cancer de vessie infiltrant le muscle. Les cancers secondaires de la vessie ainsi que les formes métastatiques ont été exclus de notre étude. La résection transurétrale de vessie a été réalisée. La chimiothérapie néoadjuvante à base de paclitaxel ­ carboplatine a été administrée toutes les trois semaines. La radiothérapie externe au photon 6MV à la dose de 66 Gy en raison de 2 Gy de 5 séances par semaine associée à la chimiothérapie concomitante à base de cisplatine (CDDP) 40mg/m2/semaine a été réalisée. RÉSULTATS: Au total huit patients ont été inclus dans notre étude. L'âge moyen de 53,75±14,84 ans. Le sexe masculin était prédominant 87.5% (n=7). L'antécédent de tabagisme chronique était retrouvé chez quatre patients. Le principal facteur de risque cancérigène identifié chez nos patients était la bilharziose urogénitale (6cas/8). Le type histologique retrouvé était le carcinome urothelial dans 12.5% (n=1) et le carcinome épidermoïde infiltrant dans 87.5% (n=7). La résection transurétrale de la tumeur a été réalisée dans 62.5% (n=5). La biopsie par voie endoscopique été réalisée dans 37.5% (n=3). La tumeur été classée pT2N0M0 dans 50% (n= 4), pT3aN0M0 dans 37.5% (n=3) et pT3bN0M0 dans 12.5% (n= 1). La chimiothérapie néoadjuvante à base de paclitaxel ­ carboplatine chaque trois semaines a été administrée chez tous les malades.Les résultats de la radiochimiothérapie (cf. Tableau: évolution). CONCLUSION: La radiochimiothérapie concomitante est un traitement curatif conservateur qui peut être proposée en remplacement à la cystectomie pour les tumeurs infiltrantes non métastatiques après une résection endoscopique la plus complète possible.

[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer in patients receiving a concomitant chemoradiotherapy in a low income country]. / Chimiotherapie neo adjudante dans les cancers localement avances du col uterin chez des patientes recevant une radiochimiotherapie concomitante dans pays aux ressources limitees.

PURPOSE: Delays to access to radiotherapy are long in our context. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study from April 2014 to April 2016 at the radiotherapy center of "Hopital du Mali" in Bamako, Mali. Patients were allocated according to age, histological type, tumor size and the 2002 classification of the FIGO. Experimental protocol was the administration of a neoadjuvante chemotherapy with association of Paclitaxel 175mg/m2 + Carboplatine AUC 5 every 3 weeks and radiothérapy cure with avec linac 6 MV at 70 Gy due to 5 sessions of 2 Gy per week associated with a concomitant chemotherapy with cisplatin at 40 mg/m2/week. The clinical response was assessed at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and of concomitant chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in the study. The mean age was 53.63 ± 8.9 years. The mean size of the tumor was 5.17 cm (2 to 7 cm). According to the 2002 classification of the FIGO stages IIB were 33% (n = 10); IIIB were 57% (n = 17) and IVA were 10% (n = 3). Clinical evaluation at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy found: complete response 17 % (n = 5), partial response 10% (n = 3) and stable disease 73 % (n = 22). Evaluation at the end of the concomitant chemoradiotherapy had found the complete response in 90% (n = 27) and stable disease in 10% (n = 3). CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy to concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer allows stabilization of the tumor and improves local control. Due to long delays to access to radiotherapy treatment in our context; neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an alternative to stabilize the disease and prevent distant metastasis from locally advanced cervical cancers.

OBJECTIF: Les délais d'attente pour accéder à la radiothérapie sont longs dans note contexte. L'objet de cette étude était d'analyser le résultat de la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante à la radiothérapie dans les cancers localement avancés du col utérin. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective allant d'avril 2014 à avril 2016 au centre de radiothérapie de l'hôpital du Mali. Les patients ont été regroupés selon l'âge, le type histologique, la taille de la tumeur, la classification de la FIGO 2002. Le schéma thérapeutique était une chimiothérapie néo adjuvante associant Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 et Carboplatine AUC 5 toutes les 3 semaines suivie d'une radiothérapie avec linac 6 MV à la dose de 70 Gy en raison de 5 séances de 2 Gy par semaine faite concomitamment à une chimiothérapie avec du cisplatine à la dose de 40 mg/m2/semaine. La réponse clinique était évaluée à la fin de la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante et de la radiochimiothérapie concomitante. RÉSULTATS: Trente patientes ont été incluses dans l'étude. L'âge moyen était de 53.63 ± 8.9 ans. La taille moyenne de la tumeur était de 5,17 cm (2 à 7 cm). Selon la classification FIGO 2002, 10 (33%) étaient en stade IIB distal, 17 (57%) étaient en stade IIIB et 3 (10%) en stade IVA. L'évaluation clinique à la fin de la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante avait retrouvé 17 % de réponses complètes (n=5), 10% de réponses partielles (n=3) 73 % d'évolutions stables (n=22). L'évaluation à la fin de la radiochimiothérapie concomitante avait trouvé une réponse complète chez 27 patientes (90%) et une maladie stable chez 3 (10%). CONCLUSION: La chimiothérapie néo adjuvante à la chimioradiothérapie concomitante dans les cancers localement avancés du col utérin permet la stabilisation de la tumeur et améliore le control local. En raison des délais d'attente longs pour accéder à la radiothérapie, la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante est une alternative pour stabiliser la maladie et réduire le risque de métastases à distance des cancers du col utérin localement avancés.

Chimiothérapie neo adjudante dans les cancers localement avances du col utérin chez des patientes recevant une radio chimiothérapie concomitante dans pays aux ressources limitées

Les délais d'attente pour accéder à la radiothérapie sont longs dans note contexte. L'objet de cette étude était d'analyser le résultat de la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante à la radiothérapie dans les cancers localement avancés du col utérin. Patients et méthodes: Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective allant d'avril 2014 à avril 2016 au centre de radiothérapie de l'hôpital du Mali. Les patients ont été regroupés selon l'âge, le type histologique, la taille de la tumeur, la classification de la FIGO 2002. Le schéma thérapeutique était une chimiothérapie néo adjuvante associant Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 et Carboplatine AUC 5 toutes les 3 semaines suivie d'une radiothérapie avec linac 6 MV à la dose de 70 Gy en raison de 5 séances de 2 Gy par semaine faite concomitamment à une chimiothérapie avec du cisplatine à la dose de 40 mg/m2/semaine. La réponse clinique était évaluée à la fin de la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante et de la radiochimiothérapie concomitante. Résultats : Trente patientes ont été incluses dans l'étude. L'âge moyen était de 53.63 ± 8.9 ans. La taille moyenne de la tumeur était de 5,17 cm (2 à 7 cm). Selon la classification FIGO 2002, 10 (33%) étaient en stade IIB distal, 17 (57%) étaient en stade IIIB et 3 (10%) en stade IVA. L'évaluation clinique à la fin de la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante avait retrouvé 17 % de réponses complètes (n=5), 10% de réponses partielles (n=3) 73 % d'évolutions stables (n=22). L'évaluation à la fin de laradiochimiothérapie concomitante avait trouvé une réponse complète chez 27 patientes (90%) et une maladie stable chez 3 (10%). Conclusion - La chimiothérapie néo adjuvante à la chimioradiothérapie concomitante dans les cancers localement avancés du col utérin permet la stabilisation de la tumeur et améliore le control local. En raison des délais d'attente longs pour accéder à la radiothérapie, la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante est une alternative pour stabiliser la maladie et réduire le risque de métastases à distance des cancers du col utérin localement avancés

[Targeted newborn screening for sickle-cell anemia: Sickling test (Emmel test) boundaries in the prenatal assessment in West African area]. / Dépistage néonatal ciblé de la drépanocytose : limites du test de falciformation (test d'Emmel) dans le bilan prénatal en zone ouest africaine.

BACKGROUND: Newborn screening for sickle cell anemia is necessary in Africa where the disease is more frequent. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is used for screening, but is limited by a high cost and difficult access. Sickling test (Emmel test), which is more affordable and technically more accessible, is often requested for prenatal assessment of pregnant women in West African areas to reserve screening for newborns from mothers in whom the positive sickling test attests the presence of hemoglobin S. This study aims to evaluate the number of undetected sickle cell anemia newborns by a screening policy targeting only newborns from mothers in whom a sickling test would have been positive. METHODS: From 2010 to 2012, in Bamako, Mali, West Africa, 2489 newborns were routinely screened for sickle cell anemia at the umbilical cord or heel by isoelectrofocusing and, if necessary, by high-performance liquid chromatography. These newborns were born from 2420 mothers whose hemoglobin was studied by isoelectrofocusing. The data was recorded and processed using Excel software version 14.0.0. We calculated the frequency of the sickle cell gene in mothers and newborns as well as the number of SCA newborns from heterozygous or C homozygous mothers. RESULTS: Of the 2489 newborns, 16 had sickle cell anemia (6 SS and 10 SC); 198 had the sickle cell trait; 139 were AC and 1 was CC. Of the 10 newborns with SC profile, 3 were born from mothers not carrying the S gene but the C gene of hemoglobin and in which an Emmel test would have been negative. CONCLUSION: Targeted newborn screening, based on the results of sickling test in pregnant women, would misdiagnose more than one of six sickle cell anemia newborns who would not benefit from early care. Cost-effectiveness studies of routine newborn screening for sickle cell anemia should lead to a better screening strategy in contexts where hemoglobin S and other hemoglobin defect genes coexist.

[Prevalence and risk factors for sickle retinopathy in a sub-Saharan comprehensive Sickle Cell Center]. / Prévalence et facteurs de risque de la rétinopathie drépanocytaire dans un centre de suivi drépanocytaire d'Afrique subsaharienne.

INTRODUCTION: Retinopathy is a chronic complication with severe functional consequences in patients with sickle cell disease. Its prevalence is not well known in sub-Saharan Africa because of the absence of screening. We report here the results of a routine screening for sickle retinopathy in a Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: Screening of sickle retinopathy was carried out in all sickle cell patients aged 10 and over, followed between 2010 and 2012. Retinopathy was screened by dilated indirect fundoscopic examination and retinal angiography, if necessary. The gender, age and hematological parameters of patients with sickle retinopathy were compared with those of controls randomly selected from the cohort of sickle cell patients without retinopathy followed during the same period. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of sickle cell retinopathy was 8.8% (142/1604): 12.4% (91/731) in SC, 5.2% (38/734) in SS, 9.4% (5/53) in Sß°-thalassemia patients and 9.3% (8/86) in Sß+-thalassemia patients. Proliferative retinopathy was more common in SC patients (P<0.01). High levels of hemoglobin or of hematocrit were associated with retinopathy in all patients and with proliferative retinopathy in SC patients. In SS or Sß0thalassemia patients, high leukocyte count was associated with proliferative retinopathy. Low fetal hemoglobin level was associated with retinopathy in all groups. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sickle cell retinopathy is high and negatively associated to the level of fetal hemoglobin. The efficiency of a routine screening for sickle cell retinopathy must be assessed in Africa as well as the benefit of phlebotomy and hydroxyurea therapy as a preventive treatments.

Effectiveness, safety, and cost of partial exchange transfusions in patients with sickle-cell anemia at a sickle cell disease center in sub-Saharan Africa.

The partial exchange transfusions necessary for management of some sickle-cell complications raise the issue of effectiveness in the context of limited resources and inadequate blood safety. This study evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and cost of partial exchange transfusions in 39 patients with sickle-cell anemia in Lubumbashi, looking at the patients' age and gender and the tolerability and direct cost of the transfusions. Excel and SPSS 18 were used for data entry and analysis. Chi2 and Fisher exact tests were used for comparisons. A P-value ≤ 5% was considered statistically significant. The average age of patients was 8.6 ± 6.4 years, and the majority were girls. The most frequent indications were stroke, severe infections, severe vasooclusive crises, and acute chest syndrome. Partial exchange transfusions were effective in improving hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as the percentage of HbS. No acute accident was observed during any partial exchange transfusion; one anti-Kell alloimmunization and 2 cases of iron overload were observed. The annual cost of partial exchange transfusions per patient requiring (and able to afford) regular treatment was US $ 3,345 without iron chelation and more than US $ 5000 with chelation. Partial exchange transfusions are effective and tolerated, but financially inaccessible to the majority of our sickle cell patients. Thus, an assessment is needed of the economic burden of sickle cell complications that require partial exchange transfusions in the context of countries with limited financial resources.

Cas rare de leucémie primitive à plasmocytes au Mali

La leucémie primitive à plasmocytes est une pathologie agressive rare, caractérisée par une plasmocytose sanguine supérieure à 20% des leucocytes circulants. C'est une entité clinique proche du myélome multiple dans sa présentation clinique et biologique. Il n'y a pas de schéma thérapeutique bien codifié, mais des cas de rémission complète sont rapportés sous chimiothérapies spécifiques du myélome. Dans ce travail, nous rapportons le cas d'une leucémie primitive à plasmocytes agressive de diagnostic tardif chez un homme de 42 ans, d'origine malienne. La symptomatologie inaugurale était faite d'une bicytopénie expressive avec blastose circulante. Le caractère atypique des cellules et les difficultés techniques n'ont pas permis de poser rapidement le diagnostic, qui fût retenu à l'issue de l'immuno-phénotypage cellulaire réalisée en France. Les cellules exprimaient le CD38, mais étaient négatives pour le CD45, le CD56 et le CD138. Aucune chimiothérapie spécifique n'a pu être initiée devant l'évolution rapide vers le décès 5 mois après le premier contact avec notre service. Ce cas clinique rare incite à améliorer le plateau technique par l'introduction de la cytométrie en flux dans le diagnostic des hémopathies malignes en général, celui des leucémies aiguës atypiques en particuliers. A cause de son pronostic péjoratif en l'absence de thérapeutique précoce, la leucémie à plasmocytes doit être évoquée devant toute blastose sanguine atypique associées ou non à une symptomatologie clinique évocatrice du myélome multiple

[Screening of cerebral vasculopathy in sickle cell anemia children using transcranial Doppler]. / Dépistage de la vasculopathie cérébrale drépanocytaire par doppler transcrânien au Mali.

Cerebral vasculopathy exposes patients to a high risk of stroke, a major complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) associated with a high risk of death and disability. Transcranial doppler (TCD) ultrasonography used to identify SCD patients at risk of stroke may contribute to significantly reducing morbidity and mortality in these patients by indicating appropriate treatment. From March 2008 to February 2013, we conducted systematic screening for cerebral vasculopathy using TCD in 572 SCD patients (including 375 SS, 144 SC, 26 S/ß(0), and 27 S/ß(+) thalassemia patients) aged 1-17 years in a comprehensive center for follow-up and research on sickle cell disease in Bamako, Mali. After exclusion of 30 inadequate results and one case of abnormal TCD observed in a multiple organ failure patient, we found an abnormal or conditional TCD in 18% of 541 children examined in a steady state. The highest prevalence of abnormal cases concerned homozygous SS patients (8.1%). No case of abnormal or conditional TCD was observed in children with S/ß(+) thalassemia. Hemoglobin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with conditional or abnormal TCD (P<0.01). In a subgroup of 68 patients with conditional TCD, nine (13%) converted to abnormal TCD over 1 year. In this subgroup of 68 conditional TCD patients, a decrease or increase in baseline hemoglobin concentration was predictive of conditional or abnormal TCD at the follow-up visit. Progression towards conditional TCD was observed in four patients (0.9%) who initially had normal TCD. Children with abnormal TCD had, whenever possible, a monthly exchange transfusion program. One case of transient stroke in the context of P. falciparum malaria with low hemoglobin concentration and one death were observed. These findings highlight the need for systematic TCD in sickle cell disease monitoring and implementing regular blood transfusion programs in the context of limited access to regular and secure blood transfusions.

[Sickle cell anemia and transfusion safety in Bamako, Mali. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections and alloimmunization belonged to Rh and Kell systems in sickle cell anemia patients]. / Sécurité transfusionnelle et drépanocytose à Bamako, Mali. Séroprévalence des infections à VIH, VHB, VHC et allo-immunisation anti-Rh et Kell chez les drépanocytaires.

Red cell transfusion is one of the main treatments in sickle cell disease. However there are potential risks of blood transfusions. In order to propose strategies to improve blood safety in sickle cell disease in Mali, we conducted a prospective study of 133 patients with sickle cell anemia recruited at the sickle cell disease research and control center of Bamako, November 2010 to October 2011. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections by serum screening and the frequency of red cell alloimmunization before and after blood transfusion. The diagnosis of sickle cell syndrome was made by HPLC, the detection of markers of viral infection was performed by ELISA, and the diagnosis of alloimmunization was conducted by the Indirect Coombs test. Prevalence of viral infections observed at the time of enrolment of patients in the study was 1%, 3% and 1% respectively for HIV, HBV and HCV. Three cases of seroconversion after blood transfusion were detected, including one for HIV, one for HBV and one another for HCV in sickle cell anemia patients. All these patients had received blood from occasional donors. The red cell alloimmunization was observed in 4.4% of patients. All antibodies belonged to Rh system only. Blood transfusion safety in sickle cell anemia patients in Mali should be improved by the introduction of at least the technique for detecting the viral genome in the panel of screening tests and a policy of transfusions of blood units only from regular blood donors.

[Human parvovirus B19 infection in sickle cell anemia patient in Mali: a case-control study]. / L'infection par l'érythrovirus B19 chez le drépanocytaire au Mali : une étude cas-témoins.

Human parvovirus B19 (HP-19) is the only Parvoviridae known to be pathogenic in human. Studies of HP-19 infection and its associated life-threatening complications in sickle cell anemia patients have been reported in Europe and the US. These results justify the development of HP-B19 prevention and strategies to reduce the incidence of severe and life-threatening complications associated with the infection in patients with sickle cell anemia, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where the sickle cell anemia burden is high. In light of these considerations, we conducted a case-control study including 163 patients with sickle cell anemia and 163 controls. HP-B19 diagnosis was based on the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies specific for HP-B19 using commercially available enzyme immunoassays. Anti-human parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies were found in 105 of 193 (64.8%) patients vs 79 of 193 controls (48.4%). IgM antibodies were found at a higher frequency in sickle cell anemia patients than in controls. This higher frequency was found to be age-dependent. However, the reticulocyte count showed no significant decrease in Malian patients with sickle cell anemia. Further studies are needed to better characterize the implication of HP-B19 infection in sickle cell anemia mortality and morbidity and to develop preventive strategies and efficient management of the resulting complications.

A metastatic case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) treated with imatinib mesylate (Glivec(®)) in Mali.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) usually showing a spindle cells pattern of cell proliferation have recently benefit from a molecular definition. Indeed imatinib mesylate (Gleevec(®)) treatment has dramatically improved the management of these tumors as they frequently express the c-kit oncogene. We report the first case of a metastatic gastric GIST in a man of 45 years diagnosed and treated in Mali. The gastric tumor was particularly aggressive with a large intra-abdominal and mesenteric spreading and liver metastases. The diagnosis was done on the CD117 and CD34 expression in the tumor sample obtained by laparotomy. After a 34 months 400mg/day imatinib mesylate (Gleevec(®)) treatment a dramatic tumor regression was obtained.

Facteurs limitant l'acces aux medicaments anticancereux dans un CHU de Bamako; Mali

Ce travail dont l'objectif etait d'etudier les facteurs limitant l'acces des malades aux anticancereux au Mali; a ete conduit aupres de 30 usagers du service d'hematologie oncologie medicale et de la pharmacie du CHU du Point G; ainsi qu'aupres de pharmacies privees de Bamako. Le support d'enquete etait une fiche d'enquete preetablie et mis a la disposition des personnes enquetees. Les patients ages de 4 a 60 ans; se repartissant entre 9 femmes et 22 hommes ont ete pris en charge pour un cancer du sein (19 cas); une maladie de kaposi (5 cas); une leucemie (2 cas); une maladie de Hodgkin (2 cas); une drepanocytose (1 cas) ou un CMI (1 cas). Tres peu de prescriptions ont pu etre satisfaites par l'approvisionnement hospitalier a cause d'une politique pharmaceutique particuliere du CHU. L'acces des malades aux anticancereux dans les officines privees a ete limitee par l'insuffisance des stocks d'anticancereux et des officines qui en faisaient la commande; le cout eleve des medicaments quand ils etaient commandes et les difficultes geographiques d'acces aux lieux d'achat (longues distances a parcourir). L'inscription des anticancereux sur la liste des medicaments essentiels ainsi que la mise en oeuvre de financements alternatifs pourrait permettre l'acces d'un plus grand nombre de malades aux medicaments anticancereux au Mali

[Frequency of red blood cell alloimmunization in polytransfused patients at the university teaching hospital of Point G, Bamako, Mali]. / Fréquence de l'allo-immunisation érythrocytaire chez les malades polytransfusés au centre hospitalo-universitaire du Point G, Bamako, Mali.

This prospective study conducted within 9 months period aimed to determine the frequency of red cell alloimmunization among polytransfused patients of the medical Hematology and oncology ward, and the unit of hemodialysis of the Nephrology ward at the Point-G hospital. Irregular red blood cell antibody screening and identification were performed by gel-filtration method using indirect antiglobulin test and enzymatic treated cells. We did not use saline medium. A total of 78 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 36.78±14.73 years (range: 11 and 77 years). The sex ratio was of 1.11 in favour of the women. The mean blood units transfused were 12.21±9.99 units (range: 4 and 45 units). The Rhesus phenotypes Dccee, DccEe and DCcee were most predominant, with the respective frequencies of 67.9, 15.4 and 10.3%. Kell antigen was found at a frequency of 1.28%. The total rate of red cell alloimmunization was 10.3%. There was no significant difference between the two wards. All the screened agglutinins were warm antibodies belonging to the Rhesus system: anti-E (7.7%), anti-C (1.3%) and anti-D (1.3%). Only Anti-E was present among hematologic patients. We did not find a significant link between the sex, the age, the number of blood units transfused and the positivity of the antibody screening. We conclude that the frequency of post-transfusional alloimmunization is high among polytransfused patients in Mali. A systematic antibody screening among these patients and the selection of red cells with known Rhesus/Kell phenotypes would allow an optimal blood transfusion safety.

[Lymphocytic meningitis in Bamako, Mali]. / Les Meningites Lymphocytaires a Bamako, Mali.

We conducted a prospective survey from January 2001 to March 2002. Our objective was to study etiologic, clinic, and prognostic aspect of lymphocytic meningitis in hospital of Point G to Bamako. We included 35 patients with 25 male (71. 4%) and 10 female (28. 6%), sex - ratio (M / F) equal 2. 5. The median age was of 35 ± 25.4 years (range, 16 - 66 years). HIV serology was positive 26 cases (83. 9%). Clinical presentations were different. We observed 15 cases of encephalitis, 12 cases of meningoencephalitis, 2 cases of meningitis and 6 cases of febrile syndrome. Mean duration of hospitalization was 32. 6 ± 68 days. Mean of lymphocyte was 85.3 ± 25.9% among leukocytes in cerebrospinal fluid of 31 patients. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified in 9 cases Cryptococcocus neoformans. In 16 cases etiology was determination based on indirect arguments. In 9 cases viral meningoencephalitis diagnosis was made by exodiagnosis. It concerned 2 cases of TB meningitis, 1 case of cerebral toxoplasmosis, 1 case of decapitate bacterial meningitis and 1 case of cerebral tumor. Malaria thick smear permits to diagnosticate 1 case of cerebral malaria and 1 case of uncomplicated malaria. There are still 10 cases in which the cause remained unknown during study. HIV infection provides principally lymphocytic meningitis. Co morbidity with HIV is associated to lethality at 75%. But no statistical difference with patients without HIV (p = 0.52). Our work puts in exergue all problematic and hold correct of lymphocytic meningitis in our country.

[Kidney sicknesses associated with gene of the drepanocytose in the Department of Nephrology and Haemodialysis of the CHU of Point G]. / Atteintes Renales Associees au Gene de la Drepanocytose Dans le Service de Nephrologie et D'hemodialyse du Chu du Point G.

PURPOSE: To assess renal features joint to gene of the drepanocytose. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It concerned a descriptive transversal study from June 1995 to January 2004. Were included drepanocytose patients admitted hospital or seeing for consulting having one of the features: haematuria, proteinuria, leucocyturia, positive aeroculture, urea increasing and/ or of blood creatinine. The analysis and data capture were conducted on SPSS 11.0. The statistic text was the Khi square with a threshold of signification p<0.05. RESULTS: The folders of 30 patients (18 m and 12 w) were collected. The average age was of 3104 years (5 and 64 years). The most hospitalization reasons encountered were the oedema syndrome (26.7%) and the overall haematuria (20%). The majority of the patients were heterozygote 93.33%. The kidney sicknesses encountered were: acute renal deficiency 40%, the macroscopic haematuria 20%, the nephritic syndrome 20%, chronic renal deficiency 13.4%, urinary infection 3.3% and microscopic haematuria 33%. CONCLUSION: The sicklaneny's gene in Mali is associated to a renal morbidity. The increased frequency of drepanocytaria feature bearers must be confirmed by other studies in order to establish a strategic of treatment of this pathology.

Atteintes rénales associées au gène de la drépanocytose dans le service de néphrologie et d'hémodialyse du CHU Point G

But : identifier les manifestations rénales associées au gène de la drépanocytose. Patients et méthodes : il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive allant de juin 1995 à janvier 2004. Ont été inclus les patients drépanocytaires vus en consultation ou hospitalisés présentant une des manifestations rénales: hématurie, protéinurie, leucocyturie, uroculture positive, augmentation de l'urée et/ou de la créatinine sanguines. L'analyse et la saisie des données ont été effectuées sur SPSS 11.0. Le test statistique a été le Khi carré avec un seuil de signification p≤0,05. Résultats : les dossiers de 30 patients (18 H et 12 F) ont été colligés. L'âge moyen était de 31,4 ans (5 et 64 ans). Les motifs d'hospitalisation les plus rencontrés étaient le syndrome œdémateux (26,7%) et l'hématurie totale (20%). La majorité des patients étaient hétérozygote 93,33%. Les atteintes rénales rencontrées étaient : l'IRA 40%, l'hématurie macroscopique 20%, le syndrome néphrotique 20%, l'IRC 13,4%, l'infection urinaire 3,3% et l'hématurie microscopique 3,3%. Conclusion : le gène drépanocytaire au Mali est associé à une morbidité rénale. La fréquence élevée des porteurs du trait drépanocytaire doit être confirmée par d'autres études afin d'élaborer une stratégie de prise en charge de cette pathologie

La gestion de la crise drepanocytaire par les agents de sante au Mali

La drepanocytose dans sa forme majeure; est caracterisee par la survenue frequente de crises douloureuses a repetition. La bonne qualite de la gestion medicale de ces crises est un gage du confort de vie du drepanocytaire. Les niveaux de prise en charge des malades et la qualite de la gestion des crises drepanocytaires sont peu etudies en Afrique. Cette etude avait pour objectifs de preciser ces deux parametres auMali.Apres analyse des donnees recueillies par l'interrogatoire sur une fiche d'enquete individuelle testee et validee; l'etude a permis de constater que la crise drepanocytaire etait geree a tous les niveaux de reference de la pyramide sanitaire du Mali par un personnel de plusieurs niveaux de qualification. La gestion de cette crise n'obeissait pas a un schema unique. Parmi lesmedications prescrites; les vasodilatateurs occupaient la premiere place. Les antalgiques majeurs etaient prescrits par moins de 10des agents de sante enquetes. La transfusion sanguine apparaissait comme une therapeutique trop souvent prescrite. Les strategies d'amelioration de la prise en charge de la crise drepanocytaire au Mali doivent prendre en compte l'urgence de la mise en place des programmes de formation et de recyclage des agents de sante aux schemas standards d'efficacite prouvee