Ebola virus disease in children in Conakry and Coyah Ebola treatment centers and risk factors associated with death.

OBJECTIVE: To study Ebola virus disease (EVD) in children aged 15 years and below, and to identify risk factors associated with death. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive, and analytical study of files of children aged 15 years and below in Ebola treatment centers (ETC) of Donka from March 2014 to May 2015. We included all files of children aged 15 years and below hospitalized for EVD in the two ETCs. RESULTS: A total of 739 patients hospitalized in both ETCs, 146 children aged 15 years and below (20%) were registered during the study period. The mean age of children was 6.73±4.26 years. Most children were aged above five years (65.8%) and the mean time to consultation was 4.34±3.21 days. The main clinical signs were asthenia (78.8%), fever (75.3%), anorexia (53.4%), headache (45.9%), vomiting (41.8%), abdominal pain (29.5%), and diarrhea (28.8%). The case fatality was 48%, including 54.3% in Coyah and 45% in Conakry. Older age (aOR=0.83, 95% CI [0.76-0.95]), fever (aOR=3.28, 95% CI [1.22-8.87]), diarrhea (aOR=2.98, 95% CI [1.19-4.48]), and hemorrhage (aOR=3.13, 95% CI [1.00-10.38]) were independently associated with death due to EVD. CONCLUSION: EVD remains serious especially in children, with high case fatality. Risk factors independently associated with death were young age, diarrhea, hemorrhage, and fever. Particular attention to these risk factors and vaccination will contribute to improving the prognosis of EVD in children.

[Performances of an automated dispensing system combined with a computerized prescription order entry]. / Performances d'une solution associant l'automate de délivrance Pillpick au logiciel de prescription Pharma utilisée pour une activité de dispensation à délivrance nominative dans une unité de consultation et de soins ambulatoire.

INTRODUCTION: Performances of an automated dispensing system Pillpick (Swisslog) coupled with the computerized-prescribing - order-entry software and dispensing software Pharma (Computer Engineering) implemented at the opening of a new prison facility in Meaux were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. Pillpick allows the treatment of different and varied pharmaceutical forms without imposing bulk handling or depackaging. METHOD: This study conducted between July and September 2006 focused on the performances of the automated dispensing system in terms of single dose packaging, single dose dispensing, dispensing error rate and security of the medication circuit. RESULTS: Seventy-six plus or minus five percent of the prescribed medications were automated dispensed. Packaging working flow rate was 377 units doses per hour, dispensing working flow rate was 537 doses per hour. Dispensing error rate was 0.5%, due to wrong delivery orders mainly generated by the Pharma computer-order entry software. DISCUSSION: Automated dispensing systems Pillpick ensure safe drug dispensing. Potential drug errors can possibly be generated by the computerized-prescribing - order-entry software and dispensing software. CONCLUSION: The robot-software combination constitutes the key performance parameter.

Resistance of plastic ophthalmic lenses: the effect of base curve on different materials during static load testing.

PURPOSE: This study was designated to evaluate, through a static load test, the influence of lens base curve on the fracture resistance of three common plastic materials. METHODS: A JJ Lloyd load cell machine was used to test the fracture resistance of -4.00 D spherical lenses. The samples had a nominal center thickness of 2.0 mm and a base curve distributed in one of five groups (+0.50, +2.50, +4.50, +6.50, and +8.50 D). The lenses were manufactured in CR39, polycarbonate, and TL16, a high refractive index plastic (n = 1.599). RESULTS: The lens base curve influenced fracture resistance for all materials. For these materials, resistance increased as the base curve varied from +0.50 to +8.50 D. The resistance of CR39, TL16, and polycarbonate lenses was found to be linearly dependent on lens base curve. The effect is stronger for polycarbonate. Fracture resistance was higher for TL16 than for CR39, and polycarbonate was much more resistant to breakage than the two other materials. CONCLUSIONS: For a given power, the fracture resistance of an ophthalmic lens is reduced when its base curve has a low value. Consequently, the flattening of ophthalmic lenses for cosmetic purposes is not recommended as far as fracture resistance is concerned.