Ecological modeling, biogeography, and phenotypic analyses setting the tiger cats' hyperdimensional niches reveal a new species.

Recently, the tiger-cat species complex was split into Leopardus tigrinus and Leopardus guttulus, along with other proposed schemes. We performed a detailed analysis integrating ecological modeling, biogeography, and phenotype of the four originally recognized subspecies-tigrinus, oncilla, pardinoides, guttulus-and presented a new multidimensional niche depiction of the species. Species distribution models used > 1400 records from museums and photographs, all checked for species accuracy. Morphological data were obtained from institutional/personal archives. Spotting patterns were established by integrating museum and photographic/camera-trap records. Principal component analysis showed three clearly distinct groups, with the Central American specimens (oncilla) clustering entirely within those of the Andes, namely the pardinoides group of the cloud forests of the southern Central-American and Andean mountain chains (clouded tiger-cat); the tigrinus group of the savannas of the Guiana Shield and central/northeastern Brazil (savanna tiger-cat); and the guttulus group in the lowland forests of the Atlantic Forest domain (Atlantic Forest tiger-cat). This scheme is supported by recent genetic analyses. All species displayed different spotting patterns, with some significant differences in body measurements/proportions. The new distribution presented alarming reductions from the historic range of - 50.4% to - 68.2%. This multidimensional approach revealed a new species of the elusive and threatened tiger-cat complex.

A saúde coletiva na licenciatura em educação física nas universidades públicas da região Sul do Brasil / Collective health in the degree in physical education in public universities in the Southern region of Brazil / Salud colectiva en el profesorado en educación física en universidades públicas de la región Sur de Brasil

RESUMO: A saúde é indicada como uma das justificativas para a existência da educação física como componente curricular escolar. No entanto, ainda prevalece uma visão limitada de saúde, focada especialmente em questões biológicas e comportamentais. Uma resolução de 2018 estabeleceu entrada única nos cursos de educação física, instituindo que não haverá mais a entrada separada para bacharelado e licenciatura, e que os alunos devem escolher uma ou outra habilitação específica somente na segunda metade do curso. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as ementas dos novos currículos dos cursos de licenciatura em educação física das universidades públicas da região Sul do Brasil, especificamente em relação à sua aproximação com a temática da saúde coletiva. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-analítico com análise documental. Foram analisadas 708 ementas de disciplinas de 11 cursos. Três cursos não tinham disciplinas relacionadas à temática saúde coletiva. Identificaram-se 17 disciplinas obrigatórias, sendo 13 ofertadas na etapa comum e quatro na etapa específica da licenciatura. Conclui-se que existem poucas inserções da temática da saúde coletiva nos cursos de licenciatura em educação física, principalmente na etapa específica do curso.

ABSTRACT: Health is indicated as one of the justifications for the existence of physical education as a school curricular component. However, a limited view of health still prevails, focused especially on biological and behavioral issues. A resolution of 2018 established single ingress into physical education courses, instituting that there will no longer be separate ingress for bachelor's and teaching degree, and that students should choose one or other specific qualification only in the second half of the course. The objective of this study was to analyze the syllabi of the new curricula of undergraduate courses in physical education of public universities in the southern region of Brazil, specifically in relation to their approach to the theme of collective health. This is a descriptive-analytical study with documentary analysis where 708 syllabi of subjects of 11 courses were analyzed. Three courses had no disciplines related to the theme collective health. We identified 17 compulsory subjects, 13 offered in the common stage and four in the specific stage of the degree. It is concluded that there are few insertions of the theme of collective health in undergraduate courses in physical education, especially in the specific stage of the course.

RESUMEN: La salud se indica como una de las justificaciones para la existencia de la educación física como componente curricular escolar. Sin embargo, sigue prevaleciendo una visión limitada de la salud, centrada especialmente en cuestiones biológicas y de comportamiento. Una resolución de 2018 estableció la entrada única en los cursos de educación física en Brasil, instituyendo que ya no habrá entrada separada para los grados de licenciatura y profesorado, y que los estudiantes deben elegir una u otra calificación específica solo en la segunda mitad del curso. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los menús de los nuevos planes de estudios de los cursos de profesorado en educación física de las universidades públicas de la región Sur de Brasil, específicamente en relación con su proximidade al tema de la salud colectiva. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo-analítico con análisis documental. Se analizaron 708 programas de disciplinas de 11 cursos. Tres cursos no tenían temas relacionados con el tema salud colectiva. Se identificaron 17 disciplinas obligatorias, de las cuales 13 ofrecidas en la etapa común y cuatro en la etapa específica del grado. Se concluye que hay pocas inserciones de la temática salud colectiva en los cursos de formación del profesorado en educación física, especialmente en su etapa específica.

Fuzzy Pattern Tree Evolution Using Grammatical Evolution.

A novel approach to induce Fuzzy Pattern Trees using Grammatical Evolution is presented in this paper. This new method, called Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution, is applied to a set of benchmark classification problems. Experimental results show that Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution attains similar and oftentimes better results when compared with state-of-the-art Fuzzy Pattern Tree composing methods, namely Fuzzy Pattern Trees evolved using Cartesian Genetic Programming, on a set of benchmark problems. We show that, although Cartesian Genetic Programming produces smaller trees, Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution produces better performing trees. Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution also benefits from a reduction in the number of necessary user-selectable parameters, while Cartesian Genetic Programming requires the selection of three crucial graph parameters before each experiment. To address the issue of bloat, an additional version of Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution using parsimony pressure was tested. The experimental results show that Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution with this extension routinely finds smaller trees than those using Cartesian Genetic Programming without any compromise in performance. To improve the performance of Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution, various ensemble methods were investigated. Boosting was seen to find the best individuals on half the benchmarks investigated.

[Incidence of increase and decrease in Body Mass Index in middle-aged men and women: four-year follow-up]. / Incidência de aumento e redução do Índice de Massa Corporal na meia-idade: seguimento de quatro anos.

The scope of this study was to analyze the incidence of increase and decrease in Body Mass Index (BMI) among middle-aged men and women according to sociodemographic characteristics and classification of nutritional status. It involved a population-based cohort of 689 adults aged 40 to 64 years followed up for four years. The proportion of reduction and increase in BMI (≥1 kg/m²) was verified according to sociodemographic variables and classification of nutritional status in the baseline by means of crude and adjusted Poisson regression. There was a higher incidence of reduced BMI among men in the 55-64 age group (RR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.06-3.00), in those without a partner (RR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.09-3.14), in those classified as overweight (RR: 2.06; 95%CI: 1.13-3.74) and in those classified as obese (RR: 2.33; 95%CI: 1.24-4.35), and among women in the 55-64 age group (RR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.02-2.00) and in those classified as obese (RR: 2.10; 95%CI%: 1.30-3.38). The incidence of increased BMI was lower in the 55 to 64 age group among men (RR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41-0.95) and women (RR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.49-0.95). These data are important for understanding the factors related to the variation of BMI and the elaboration of public policies aimed at the health care of middle-aged adults.

Objetivou-se analisar a incidência de aumento e de redução do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) entre homens e mulheres de meia-idade segundo características sociodemográficas e classificação do estado nutricional. Trata-se de uma coorte de base populacional com 689 adultos com idade entre 40 e 64 anos seguidos por quatro anos. Verificou-se a proporção de redução e de aumento do IMC (≥1 kg/m²) segundo variáveis sociodemográficas e classificação do estado nutricional na linha de base mediante regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada. A maior incidência de redução do IMC foi observada entre os homens na faixa etária de 55 a 64 anos (RR: 1,78; IC95%: 1,06-3,00), naqueles sem companheira (RR: 1,85; IC95%: 1,09-3,14), nos classificados com sobrepeso (RR: 2,06; IC95%: 1,13-3,74) e obesidade (RR: 2,33; IC95%: 1,24-4,35), e entre as mulheres na faixa etária de 55 a 64 anos (RR: 1,43; IC95%: 1,02-2,00) e nas classificadas com obesidade (RR: 2,10; IC95%: 1,30-3,38). A incidência de aumento do IMC foi menor na faixa etária de 55 a 64 anos entre os homens (RR: 0,62; IC95%: 0,41-0,95) e mulheres (RR: 0,68; IC95%: 0,49-0,95). Estes dados são importantes para compreensão dos fatores relacionados à variação do IMC e elaboração de políticas públicas que visem o cuidado à saúde na meia-idade.

Incidência de aumento e redução do Índice de Massa Corporal na meia-idade: seguimento de quatro anos / Incidence of increase and decrease in Body Mass Index in middle-aged men and women: four-year follow-up

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a incidência de aumento e de redução do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) entre homens e mulheres de meia-idade segundo características sociodemográficas e classificação do estado nutricional. Trata-se de uma coorte de base populacional com 689 adultos com idade entre 40 e 64 anos seguidos por quatro anos. Verificou-se a proporção de redução e de aumento do IMC (≥1 kg/m²) segundo variáveis sociodemográficas e classificação do estado nutricional na linha de base mediante regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada. A maior incidência de redução do IMC foi observada entre os homens na faixa etária de 55 a 64 anos (RR: 1,78; IC95%: 1,06-3,00), naqueles sem companheira (RR: 1,85; IC95%: 1,09-3,14), nos classificados com sobrepeso (RR: 2,06; IC95%: 1,13-3,74) e obesidade (RR: 2,33; IC95%: 1,24-4,35), e entre as mulheres na faixa etária de 55 a 64 anos (RR: 1,43; IC95%: 1,02-2,00) e nas classificadas com obesidade (RR: 2,10; IC95%: 1,30-3,38). A incidência de aumento do IMC foi menor na faixa etária de 55 a 64 anos entre os homens (RR: 0,62; IC95%: 0,41-0,95) e mulheres (RR: 0,68; IC95%: 0,49-0,95). Estes dados são importantes para compreensão dos fatores relacionados à variação do IMC e elaboração de políticas públicas que visem o cuidado à saúde na meia-idade.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the incidence of increase and decrease in Body Mass Index (BMI) among middle-aged men and women according to sociodemographic characteristics and classification of nutritional status. It involved a population-based cohort of 689 adults aged 40 to 64 years followed up for four years. The proportion of reduction and increase in BMI (≥1 kg/m²) was verified according to sociodemographic variables and classification of nutritional status in the baseline by means of crude and adjusted Poisson regression. There was a higher incidence of reduced BMI among men in the 55-64 age group (RR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.06-3.00), in those without a partner (RR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.09-3.14), in those classified as overweight (RR: 2.06; 95%CI: 1.13-3.74) and in those classified as obese (RR: 2.33; 95%CI: 1.24-4.35), and among women in the 55-64 age group (RR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.02-2.00) and in those classified as obese (RR: 2.10; 95%CI%: 1.30-3.38). The incidence of increased BMI was lower in the 55 to 64 age group among men (RR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41-0.95) and women (RR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.49-0.95). These data are important for understanding the factors related to the variation of BMI and the elaboration of public policies aimed at the health care of middle-aged adults.

Grammatical Evolution of Complex Digital Circuits in SystemVerilog.

The evolution of complex circuits remains a challenge for the Evolvable Hardware field in spite much effort. There are two major issues: the amount of testing required and the low evolvability of representation structures to handle complex circuitry, at least partially due to the destructive effects of genetic operators. A 64-bit × 64-bit add-shift multiplier circuit modelled at register-transfer level in SystemVerilog would require approximately 33,200 gates when synthesized using Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite tool. This enormous gate count makes evolving such a circuit at the gate-level difficult. We use Grammatical Evolution (GE) and SystemVerilog, a hardware description language (HDL), to evolve fully functional parameterized Adder, Multiplier, Selective Parity and Up-Down Counter circuits at a more abstract level other than gate level-register transfer level. Parameterized modules have the additional benefit of not requiring a re-run of evolutionary experiments if multiple instances with different input sizes are required. For example, a 64-bit × 64-bit and 128-bit × 128-bit multipliers etc., can be instantiated from  a fully evolved functional and parameterized N-bit × N-bit multiplier. The Adder (6.4 × ), Multiplier (10.7 × ) and Selective Parity (6.7 × ) circuits are substantially larger than the current state of the art for evolutionary approaches. We are able to scale so dramatically because of the use of a HDL, which permits us to operate at a register-transfer level. Furthermore, we adopt a well known technique for reducing testing from digital circuit design known as corner case testing. Skilled circuit designers rely on this to avoid time-consuming exhaustive testing. We demonstrate a simple way to identify and use corner cases for evolutionary testing and show that it enables the generation of massively complex circuits. All circuits were successfully evolved without resorting to the use of any standard decomposition methods, due to our ability to use programming constructs and operators available in SystemVerilog.

[Occupational factors and physical activity among public school teachers: a prospective cohort study]. / Fatores ocupacionais e atividade física em professores da educação básica da rede pública: uma coorte prospectiva.

The association between self-reported changes in working conditions and the incidence of recommended levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among middle and high school teachers of the public school network was analyzed. It is a prospective cohort in which 298 teachers from the public middle and high school network in Londrina, State of Paraná, were monitored for 24 months. The incidence of recommended LTPA levels (≥150 minutes/week) was the study outcome. The analysis included adjusted Poisson regression models, using those who had the worst working conditions in the baseline, and remained unchanged in the follow-up, as a reference group. The incidence of recommended levels of LTPA was 23.2%, being higher among those who maintained a good balance between their personal and professional lives (RR=3.50; 95%CI=1.26-9.72), frequently became exhausted at work (RR=2.47; 95%CI=1.10-5.56), infrequently became exhausted at work (RR=2.42; 95%CI=1.09-5.36), rarely became exhausted at work (RR=2.78; 95%CI=1.30-5.95), rarely began to work too hard (RR=2.69; 95%CI=1.24-5.87) and those who rarely needed to work too much (RR=3.25; 95%CI=1.46-7.26). These results indicate the importance of improving working conditions in the promotion of AFTL.

Analisou-se a associação entre mudanças autorreferidas nas condições de trabalho e a incidência de níveis recomendados de atividade física no tempo livre (AFTL) em professores da educação básica da rede pública. Trata-se de uma coorte prospectiva em que 298 professores da educação básica da rede pública de Londrina, Paraná, foram seguidos por 24 meses. A incidência de níveis recomendados de AFTL (≥150 minutos/semana) foi o desfecho do estudo. A análise incluiu modelos de regressão de Poisson ajustados, sempre tendo como grupo referência aqueles que tinham a pior condição de trabalho na linha de base e assim permaneceram no seguimento. A incidência de níveis recomendados de AFTL foi de 23,2%, sendo maior naqueles que se mantiveram com bom equilíbrio entre vida pessoal e profissional (RR=3,50; IC95%=1,26-9,72), passaram a ficar frequentemente desgastados no trabalho (RR=2,47; IC95%=1,10-5,56), passaram a ficar raramente desgastados no trabalho (RR=2,42; IC95%=1,09-5,36), mantiveram-se raramente desgastados no trabalho (RR=2,78; IC95%=1,30-5,95), passaram a raramente trabalhar demais (RR=2,69; IC95%=1,24-5,87) e mantiveram-se raramente trabalhando demais (RR=3,25; IC=1,46-7,26). Estes resultados indicam a importância da melhoria das condições de trabalho na promoção da AFTL.

Fatores ocupacionais e atividade física em professores da educação básica da rede pública: uma coorte prospectiva / Occupational factors and physical activity among public school teachers: a prospective cohort study

Resumo Analisou-se a associação entre mudanças autorreferidas nas condições de trabalho e a incidência de níveis recomendados de atividade física no tempo livre (AFTL) em professores da educação básica da rede pública. Trata-se de uma coorte prospectiva em que 298 professores da educação básica da rede pública de Londrina, Paraná, foram seguidos por 24 meses. A incidência de níveis recomendados de AFTL (≥150 minutos/semana) foi o desfecho do estudo. A análise incluiu modelos de regressão de Poisson ajustados, sempre tendo como grupo referência aqueles que tinham a pior condição de trabalho na linha de base e assim permaneceram no seguimento. A incidência de níveis recomendados de AFTL foi de 23,2%, sendo maior naqueles que se mantiveram com bom equilíbrio entre vida pessoal e profissional (RR=3,50; IC95%=1,26-9,72), passaram a ficar frequentemente desgastados no trabalho (RR=2,47; IC95%=1,10-5,56), passaram a ficar raramente desgastados no trabalho (RR=2,42; IC95%=1,09-5,36), mantiveram-se raramente desgastados no trabalho (RR=2,78; IC95%=1,30-5,95), passaram a raramente trabalhar demais (RR=2,69; IC95%=1,24-5,87) e mantiveram-se raramente trabalhando demais (RR=3,25; IC=1,46-7,26). Estes resultados indicam a importância da melhoria das condições de trabalho na promoção da AFTL.

Abstract The association between self-reported changes in working conditions and the incidence of recommended levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among middle and high school teachers of the public school network was analyzed. It is a prospective cohort in which 298 teachers from the public middle and high school network in Londrina, State of Paraná, were monitored for 24 months. The incidence of recommended LTPA levels (≥150 minutes/week) was the study outcome. The analysis included adjusted Poisson regression models, using those who had the worst working conditions in the baseline, and remained unchanged in the follow-up, as a reference group. The incidence of recommended levels of LTPA was 23.2%, being higher among those who maintained a good balance between their personal and professional lives (RR=3.50; 95%CI=1.26-9.72), frequently became exhausted at work (RR=2.47; 95%CI=1.10-5.56), infrequently became exhausted at work (RR=2.42; 95%CI=1.09-5.36), rarely became exhausted at work (RR=2.78; 95%CI=1.30-5.95), rarely began to work too hard (RR=2.69; 95%CI=1.24-5.87) and those who rarely needed to work too much (RR=3.25; 95%CI=1.46-7.26). These results indicate the importance of improving working conditions in the promotion of AFTL.

Estigma em mulheres participantes de um grupo de práticas corporais/atividade física de um bairro pobre / Stigma experienced by women participating in a body practice an dphysical activity group in a poor neighborhood / Estigma enmujeres que participan en un grupo de prácticas corporales y actividad física de un barrio pobre

Objetivou-se analisar a percepção do estigma sofrido por mulheres moradoras de um bairro do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida, destinado a pessoas de baixa renda, e a importância percebida em relação à participação no grupo de Práticas Corporais/Atividade Física (PCAF) de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, com 25 mulheres. Foram definidas duas categorias de análise: "estigma e discriminação" e "mudanças percebidas na vida após participação no grupo". As participantes relataram experiências em que sofreram estigmas e que a participação no grupo foi benéfica, tanto em relação aos aspectos físicos, quanto em relação ao desenvolvimento do sentimento de pertencimento ao bairro. Conclui-se que o grupo de PCAF foi importante para o enfrentamento do sofrimento relacionado às experiências de estigma, problema este que precisa ser enfrentado de maneira ampla e articulada.

The objective was to analyze the perception of the stigma experienced by women living in a neighborhood of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida program, aimed at low-income people, and the perceived importance in relation to participation in relation to participation in a group of Body Practices/Physical Activity (BPPA) offered by a Health Center. Data were collected through interviews with 25 women. Two categories of analysis were defined: "stigma and discrimination" and "perceived changes in life after participation in the group". Participants reported situations in which they experienced stigma and that participation in the group was beneficial both for physical fitness and for the developmentof a feeling of belonging to the neighborhood. It is concluded that the BPPA group was important to face the suffering related to the experiences of stigma, a problem that needs to be addressed in a broad and articulated manner.

El objetivo fueanalizarlapercepcióndel estigma que sufren las mujeres residentes en un barrio del programa Minha Casa, MinhaVida, dirigido a personas pobres, y la importancia percibida en relación a la participación en un grupo de Prácticas Corporales/Actividad Física (PCAF) de un Centro de Salud. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas a 25 mujeres. Se definieron dos categorías de análisis: "estigma y discriminación" y "cambios percibidos en la vida tras la participación en el grupo". Las mujeres relataron experiencias en las que sufrieron estigmatización y que su participación en el grupo fue positiva, tanto enlos aspectos físicos como enrelación al desarrollo de lsentimiento de pertenencia al barrio. Se concluye que el grupo PCAF fue importante para enfrentar el sufrimiento relacionado con las experiencias de estigma, problema que de be ser abordado de manera amplia y articulada.

Gastric metastasis from breast cancer in male patient - Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Male breast cancer has a low incidence, and its metastases are considered even rarer and a sign of seriousness for the patient. Breast metastases are difficult to diagnose even in female patients, with few cases of gastric metastasis described in the current literature. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Male patient, 54 years old, obese, diagnosed with breast cancer for 8 years, underwent 5 years of cancer follow-up. After this period, he began to experience epigastric pain and weight loss, among other symptoms. Endoscopy was performed, showing rounded elevated lesions with central depression. After anatomopathological and biochemical tests, a diagnosis of differentiated carcinoma as a metastasis of breast origin was concluded. DISCUSSION: MBC is rare when compared to the incidence in females. Its risk factors differ between genders, and due to its rarity, there are few studies in the male population. This fact makes the evaluation of metastases more difficult. Gastric metastasis has a very low incidence even in women, approximately 8.9% of all breast cancer metastasis's locations. Other pathologies can mimic GM, always associating anatomopathological and biochemical tests. Oncological follow-up must always be carried out, and the possibility of screening must be evaluated. CONCLUSION: Despite the rare incidence and little information in the literature, the association between MBC and GM should be considered. Currently, there is no guidance for conducting systematic screenings and treatment is usually palliative due to the severity of the disease.

pyPolyBuilder: Automated Preparation of Molecular Topologies and Initial Configurations for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Arbitrary Supramolecules.

The construction of a molecular topology file is a prerequisite for any classical molecular dynamics simulation. However, the generation of such a file may be very challenging at times, especially for large supramolecules. While many tools are available to provide topologies for large proteins and other biomolecules, the scientific community researching nonbiological systems is not equally well equipped. Here, we present a practical tool to generate topologies for arbitrary supramolecules: The pyPolyBuilder. In addition to linear polymer chains, it also provides the possibility to generate topologies of arbitrary, large, branched molecules, such as, e.g., dendrimers. Furthermore, it also generates reasonable starting structures for simulations of these molecules. pyPolyBuilder is a standalone command-line tool implemented in python. Therefore, it may be easily incorporated in persisting simulation pipelines on any operating systems and with different simulation engines. pyPolyBuilder is freely available on github: https://github.com/mssm-labmmol/pypolybuilder.

Using an occupancy approach to identify poaching hotspots in protected areas in a seasonally dry tropical forest.

Poaching activity has been described in the literature as harmful due to impacts on biodiversity, especially in protected areas. Although the main reason for this activity is subsistence, in many regions motivation goes beyond the limits of food necessity. We applied single-species, single season occupancy models to evaluate the spatial distribution of poachers and identify potential poaching hotspots in a mosaic of protected areas in the Caatinga domain, northeastern Brazil. We used camera-traps over a period of 200 days at 60 sites randomly selected. We used distances from human settlements, roads and the nearest water holes, frequency of game species and sampling effort as covariables that could influence poachers' occupancy and detectability and to identify potential poaching areas. Occupancy poachers were higher in sites with higher frequency of game species. Frequency of game species and distance from roads had a negative effect on the detectability of poachers. Spatial analysis indicated three critical poaching areas within and around the Boqueirão da Onça National Park, associated with roads and some isolated cattle and goat farms. In this study, we provided an assessment of poaching spatial patterns in relation to different landscape elements and biotic influences, indicating critical areas where enforcement efforts should be focused. Hotspots are clearly concentrated within and on the edge of National Park. The approach presented here to identify poaching hotspots is effective and economical, and therefore may be applied in other protected and non-protected areas throughout the world.

[Teachers on temporary employment contracts reveal more frequent consumption of pre-prepared food]. / Professores com vínculo temporário apresentam maior frequência de consumo de alimentos pré-preparados.

The scope of this article is to analyze the eating behavior of schoolteachers according to the type of employment contract. Interviews were conducted at 20 public state schools in Londrina, State of Paraná, between 2012 and 2013. Of the 978 teachers interviewed, 672 (68.7%) had permanent employment contracts and 306 (31.3%) were on temporary employment contracts. High frequencies of recommended eating behaviors - consumption of fruit, vegetables and/or vegetables and removing visible fat from red meat - were observed in teachers with a permanent employment contract. On the other hand, teachers with temporary employment contracts revealed a high frequency of non-recommended eating behaviors with consumption of pre-prepared foods and packaged drinks or sodas. It was highlighted that a high frequency of consumption of pre-prepared foods was statistically associated with the type of employment contract irrespective of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health status factors.

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as condutas alimentares de professores segundo os vínculos de trabalho. As entrevistas foram realizadas em 20 escolas da rede estadual de Londrina entre 2012 e 2013. Dos 978 professores entrevistados, 672 (68,7%) tinham vínculo efetivo e 306 (31,3%) temporário. Altas frequências de condutas alimentares recomendadas - consumo de frutas, verduras e/ou legumes e retirada da gordura visível da carne vermelha - foram observadas em professores com vínculo efetivo. Em contrapartida, professores com vínculo temporário apresentaram altas frequências de condutas alimentares não recomendadas - consumo de alimentos pré-preparados e de bebidas industrializadas ou refrigerantes. Destaca-se que o consumo em alta frequência de alimentos pré-preparados esteve estatisticamente associado ao tipo de vínculo independentemente de fatores sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida e da condição de saúde.

Professores com vínculo temporário apresentam maior frequência de consumo de alimentos pré-preparados / Teachers on temporary employment contracts reveal more frequent consumption of pre-prepared food

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as condutas alimentares de professores segundo os vínculos de trabalho. As entrevistas foram realizadas em 20 escolas da rede estadual de Londrina entre 2012 e 2013. Dos 978 professores entrevistados, 672 (68,7%) tinham vínculo efetivo e 306 (31,3%) temporário. Altas frequências de condutas alimentares recomendadas - consumo de frutas, verduras e/ou legumes e retirada da gordura visível da carne vermelha - foram observadas em professores com vínculo efetivo. Em contrapartida, professores com vínculo temporário apresentaram altas frequências de condutas alimentares não recomendadas - consumo de alimentos pré-preparados e de bebidas industrializadas ou refrigerantes. Destaca-se que o consumo em alta frequência de alimentos pré-preparados esteve estatisticamente associado ao tipo de vínculo independentemente de fatores sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida e da condição de saúde.

Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze the eating behavior of schoolteachers according to the type of employment contract. Interviews were conducted at 20 public state schools in Londrina, State of Paraná, between 2012 and 2013. Of the 978 teachers interviewed, 672 (68.7%) had permanent employment contracts and 306 (31.3%) were on temporary employment contracts. High frequencies of recommended eating behaviors - consumption of fruit, vegetables and/or vegetables and removing visible fat from red meat - were observed in teachers with a permanent employment contract. On the other hand, teachers with temporary employment contracts revealed a high frequency of non-recommended eating behaviors with consumption of pre-prepared foods and packaged drinks or sodas. It was highlighted that a high frequency of consumption of pre-prepared foods was statistically associated with the type of employment contract irrespective of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health status factors.

Longitudinal associations of changes in physical activity and TV viewing with chronic musculoskeletal pain in Brazilian schoolteachers.

This study analyzed the longitudinal association of changes in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) practice and television viewing (TV viewing) with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). The data about LTPA, TV viewing, and CMP were obtained in 2012 and after 24 months through individual interviews with schoolteachers from elementary and secondary education public schools in a large city in the southern region of Brazil. The statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equation regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index and depression. A total of 527 schoolteachers were studied, among which 66.6% were women, and the median age was 42 years (interquartile range: 34 to 49). A total of 170 (32.3%) participants reported CMP at baseline and 130 (24.7%) at follow-up. Both LTPA and TV viewing were independently and significantly associated with CMP regardless of all adjustment variables. Concretely, increasing LTPA by 60 minutes/week was associated with a 6.2% lower likelihood of CMP, and increasing TV viewing by 30 minutes/day was associated with a 5.1% higher likelihood of having CMP among the participants. In summary, this study showed that LTPA and TV viewing have independent and opposite relationships with the longitudinal risk of CMP, which suggests that the potential benefits obtained from practicing more LTPA are insufficient to compensate for the potential detrimental effect of viewing TV for longer with respect to the CMP.

Práticas de lazer e sociabilidade na Belém do Pará dos anos de 1920 / Leisure and sociability practices in Belém-Pará of the 1920s

Este estudo objetiva investigar as práticas de lazer e sociabilidade na cidade de Belém -PA dos anos de 1920, destacando as práticas, espaços, sujeitos e sentidos do lazer e sociabilidade de um período no qual a capital paraense usufruía de um conjunto de transformações decorrentes da economia da borracha. A pesquisa é de cunho histórico, documental e à luz da História Cultural. As fontes documentais foram os impressos "A Semana: Revista Illustrada" e "Belém Nova". A análise das fontes evidenciou que as manifestações de lazer e sociabilidade eram vivenciadas em festas, festivais, clubes, teatros, cinemas e nos passeios em meio à natureza pela elite como entretenimento e aproximação com os valores europeus; já as expressões populares de lazer foram encontradas em número menor nessas revistas, e distanciavam-se dos refinados espaços privados da cidade aparecendo com sentido de participação, diversão e celebração da cultura popular.

This study aims to investigate the leisure and sociability practices in the city of Belém -PA in the 1920s, highlighting the practices, spaces, subjects and meanings of leisure and sociability of a period in which the capital of Pará enjoyed a set of transformations resulting from the economy of rubber. The research is of a historical, documentary nature and in the light of Cultural History. The documentary sources were the printouts "A Semana: Revista Illustrada" and "Belém Nova". The analysis of the sources showed that the manifestations of leisure and sociability were experienced at parties, festivals, clubs, theaters, cinemas and on walks in the middle of nature by the elite as entertainment and approximation with European values; popular expressions of leisure were found in a smaller number in these magazines, distanced themselves from the refined private spaces of the city and appeared with a sense of participation, fun and celebration of popular culture.

Bowel obstruction in entero-colic fistula associated with magnet ingestion in children at the Amazonas countryside.

Ingestion of small objects by children became worrisome as the number of cases increased over the years. Consequences such as intestinal obstruction or even infection of the gastrointestinal tract are becoming more frequent since even in majority cases there is having only an expectant conduct, complications can occur. Also, the combination of two elements such as punctiform metallic materials and imams cause fistula formation in loops with greater ease, granulomas in the intestines, perforation, and can progress to peritonitis or abscesses, as well as having considerable morbidity.

Apontamentos para a atuação do Profissional de Educação Física na Atenção Básica à Saúde: um ensaio / Notes to the work of the Physical Education Professional in Basic Health Care: an essay

O objetivo deste ensaio foi apresentar uma proposta de síntese para a atuação do profissional de Educação Física (PEF) no contexto da Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS) do Brasil. São apresentadas 15 itens, elaborados a partir de experiências vivenciadas no campo de atuação pelos autores, bem como na literatura. Posteriormente, a clareza e pertinência dos itens foram avaliadas por 33 PEF de nove diferentes municípios brasileiros que atuavam ou tinham atuado anteriormente na ABS. Apesar de os itens apresentados não terem o objetivo de competir ou substituir as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde ou das secretarias estaduais ou municipais, espera-se que possam ser úteis para os PEF que atuam na ABS, bem como para a formação dos PEF que pretendem atuar neste contexto

The objective of this essay was to present a proposal of the synthesis of the work of the Physical Education Professional (PEF) in Primary Health Care (PHC) in a brazilian context. We present the 15 items, elaborated from experiences lived in the field of actuation by the authors, as well as in the literature. Subsequently, the clarity and pertinence of the items were evaluated by 33 PEFs from nine different Brazilian municipalities that were currently working or who had previously worked in PHC. The items presented are not intended to compete or replace the guidelines of the Ministry of Health or the state or municipal secretariats. In fact, we hope that they may be useful for the PEF working in PHC, as well as for the professional qualification of the PEF who intend to work in this context

Preditores de dependência funcional em pessoas de 50 anos ou mais: estudo de seguimento de 4 anos / Predictors of functional dependence among individuals aged 50 years and older: a 4-year follow-up study

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of change and/or maintenance of poor sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and health conditions on the incidence of functional dependence for instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in people aged 50 years or older living in urban settings. METHODS: The relationship between IADLs and risk factors was analyzed in a prospective 4-year follow-up study involving 412 participants. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using Poisson regression models, adjusted for sex, age and education. RESULTS: The incidence of dependence for IADLs was 18.9%. Functional dependence was independently associated with lower socioeconomic status (RR = 2.03, 95%CI 1.24­3.32), lack of occupational activity (RR = 2.46, 95%CI 1.31­4.61), inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (RR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.06­3.38) and poor performance in the Mini Mental State Examination (RR = 2.52, 95%CI 1.53­4.17). The association between functional dependence and diabetes mellitus approached statistical significance (RR = 1.39, 95%CI 0.92­2.10). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that worse socioeconomic conditions and chronic health issues were associated with the incidence of dependence for IADLs. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive and interdisciplinary health care for populations with these characteristics.

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito de alterações de fatores sociodemográficos, estilo de vida e condições de saúde na incidência de dependência funcional para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD) em pessoas de 50 anos ou mais em área urbana. MÉTODO: A relação entre AIVD e fatores de risco foi analisada em 412 indivíduos por meio de estudo longitudinal prospectivo com seguimento de quatro anos usando o cálculo do risco relativo (RR) e intervalo de confiança 95% (IC95%) em modelos de regressão de Poisson, ajustados por sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade. RESULTADO: A incidência de dependência de IAVD foi de 18,9% e estava associada de maneira independente a indivíduos com pior condição socioeconômica (RR = 2,03, IC95% 1,24­3,32), ausência de atividade laboral (RR = 2,46, IC95% 1,31­4,61), consumo irregular de frutas e vegetais (RR = 1,90, IC95% 1,06­ 3,38), e pior perfomance no miniexame do estado mental (RR = 2,52, IC95% 1,53­4,17). A diabetes apresentou uma tendência de associação com a incidência de dependência funcional (RR = 1,39, IC95% 0,92­2,10). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram que piores condições socioeconômicas e de saúde estão associadas a maior incidência de dependência funcional por AIVD. Esses achados contribuem na elaboração de programas de promoção de saúde mais abrangentes e efetivos para esta população.

[Remote control or unlikely control? Behavioral economics and the promotion of healthy behaviors¿Control remoto o remota probabilidad de control? La economía comportamental y la promoción de determinados patrones de comportamiento]. / Controle remoto ou remoto controle? A economia comportamental e a promoção de comportamentos saudáveis.

Behavioral economics is a field of knowledge and practices that studies the effect of psychological, cognitive, emotional, and social factors relating to decision-making by individuals and institutions. It assumes that human choices are not the result of careful consideration of costs and benefits, and that some aspects (e.g., defaults, framings, and anchoring effects) may influence an individual's decision-making. Thus, the aim of this essay is to present some general aspects of behavioral economics and discuss its possible application in the promotion of healthy behaviors. One of the roles of health care professionals is to facilitate the adoption of healthy behaviors by the population. There is evidence of a positive influence of some behavioral economics concepts regarding the adoption of various health behaviors, such as food choices, physical activity, adherence to vaccination campaigns, and organ donation. Thus, it is believed that the appropriation of some of these concepts and insights may both promote healthier behaviors and support more effective actions to encourage these healthy behaviors.

La economía comportamental es un campo de conocimientos y prácticas que estudia el efecto de los factores psicológicos, cognoscitivos, emocionales y sociales sobre la toma de decisiones de las personas y las instituciones. Esa disciplina parte de la premisa de que las formas de elección humana no son el resultado de una cuidadosa ponderación de los costos y beneficios, y de que algunos aspectos (por ejemplo, la opción predeterminada, el efecto de enmarcación y el efecto de anclaje) pueden influir en la toma de decisiones por parte de las personas. Por ende, el objetivo de este texto es presentar los aspectos generales de la economía comportamental y algunas reflexiones sobre su posible aplicación en la promoción de patrones de comportamiento saludable. Una de las funciones de los profesionales de salud es facilitar la adopción de patrones de comportamiento saludable por parte de la población. En esa perspectiva, se ha comprobado que la aplicación de los conceptos de la economía comportamental puede tener un efecto positivo en la adopción de diversos patrones de comportamiento en materia de salud, por ejemplo, la selección de alimentos, la práctica de la actividad física, la adhesión a campañas de vacunación y la donación de órganos. De ese modo, se cree que la apropiación de algunos conceptos y percepciones de la economía comportamental permite, por un lado, promover los patrones de comportamiento saludable y, por otro, apoyar medidas más eficaces para incentivar esos tipos de comportamiento.