RESUMO
Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência do aleitamento cruzado e os saberes sobre esta prática, entre gestantes atendidasna Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), do município de Belém, estado do Pará. Método: foi realizada uma pesquisaquanti-qualitativa, com desenho de estudo descritivo, observacional do tipo transversal. Os participantes da pesquisase constituíram de 85 gestantes atendidas nas ESF Galo I, Galo II e Canal da Visconde. Os dados foram coletadosatravés da aplicação de questionário semi-estruturado, aplicados entre os meses de setembro a novembro de 2013.Resultados: a prevalência de aleitamento cruzado encontrada foi de 61,54% entre as mulheres que já tinham filhos, amaioria das gestantes entrevistadas amamentaria o filho de outra pessoa caso fosse solicitada sem qualquer restrição,bem como pediriam para outra mulher amamentar seu filho caso achasse necessário. Um grande percentual (94,87%)de entrevistadas presenciou o aleitamento cruzado. Praticamente todas as gestantes relataram que não receberaminformação sobre os riscos do aleitamento cruzado pela equipe de saúde durante a realização do pré-natal. Os motivosque justificaram a prática do aleitamento cruzado foram: a dificuldade para amamentar e a ausência temporária oudefinitiva da mãe. Conclusão: as concepções históricas culturalmente estabelecidas sobre o aleitamento materno,o sentimento de solidariedade, o altruísmo entre as mães, o incentivo ao aleitamento materno sem enfatizar suascontraindicações, em conjunto com a carência de informações sobre os riscos do aleitamento, se configuraram nestapesquisa como os principais motivos para a prática do aleitamento cruzado
Objective: to investigate the prevalence of crossed breast feeding and knowledge about this practice, among thepregnant women assisted in the Family?s Health Strategy of the municipal district of Belem, state of Para. Methods:a quantitative and qualitative research was accomplished, with drawing of descriptive, observational and crosssectionalstudy type. The subjects of the research were 85 pregnant women assisted in PSF Galo I, Galo II e Canal daVisconde. The data were collected through the application of semi-structured questionnaire, applied among monthsof September to November of 2013. Results: The prevalence of crossed breast feeding found was 61,54% amongwomen that already had children, most of the pregnant women interviewees would breastfeed the son of anotherperson case it was requested without any restriction, as well as they would ask for another woman to breastfeed his/her son if necessary. A big one percentile (94, 87%) of interviewees witnessed the crossed breast feeding. Practicallyall the pregnant women told they did not receive information about the risks of breast feeding crossed by the team ofhealth during the accomplishment of the prenatal. The reasons that justified the crossed breast feedingpractice were:the difficulty to breastfeed and the temporary or definitivemother's absence. Conclusion: the historical conceptionsculturally established on the maternal breast feeding, the solidarity feeling, the altruism among the mothers, theincentive to maternal breast feeding without emphasizing its contraindications, together with the lack of informationon the risks of breast feeding, were configured in this research as the main reasons for the practice of the crossedbreast feeding.
RESUMO
Sapoviruses (SaVs) belong to the family Caliciviridae and are related to gastroenteritis viruses of humans and animals. These agents have been reported from several countries of the world and represent an important cause of economic loss. The Amazon area has a high degree of diversity of animals and plants, is located in the Northern Region of Brazil and accounts for a large part of the Brazilian territory. In this study, stool samples were collected from pigs during the phase of nursing (less than 28 days of age) and post-weaning (29 to 56 days of age) from January 2008 to February 2009. A total of 169 specimens (108 nursing and 61 post-weaning pigs) were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the primers p289/p290 for the detection of caliciviruses (CVs), i.e., SaVs and noroviruses (NoVs). Positive sequences were analyzed using BioEdit software (v. 7.1.3.0) and compared with other sequences registered in the GenBank database. A positive frequency of 12.4 % (21/169) was observed, and all of the viruses found were identified as SaVs, with 15 belonging to genogroup GIII (71.4 %), three to GVII-1 (14.3 %) and three to GVIII-2 (14.3 %). No NoVs were detected. The frequency of SaV infections was significantly higher in nursing pigs (17.6 %-19/108) than in post-weaning pigs (3.3 %-2/61). Considering the consistency of the samples, 14.7 % of the samples were classified as diarrheic, but statistical analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference compared to normal specimens (p = 0.5795). For the first time, we have demonstrated the circulation of SaVs in pigs from the Amazon.
