Prevalence of Chronic Diseases, Depression, and Stress Among US Childcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Given their central role in supporting children's development, childcare professionals' overall physical and mental health is important. We evaluated the prevalence of chronic diseases, depression, and stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic among US childcare professionals. METHODS: Data were obtained from US childcare professionals (N = 81,682) through an online survey from May 22, 2020, through June 8, 2020. We used multivariable logistic and linear regression models to assess the association of sociodemographic characteristics with 4 physical health conditions (asthma, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity), depression, and stress weighted to national representativeness. RESULTS: For physical health conditions, 14.3% (n = 11,717) reported moderate to severe asthma, 6.5% (n = 5,317) diabetes, 4.9% (n = 3,971) heart disease, and 19.8% (n = 16,207) obesity. For mental health, 45.7% (n = 37,376) screened positive for depression and 66.5% (n = 54,381) reported moderate to high stress levels. Race, ethnicity, and sex/gender disparities were found for physical health conditions but not mental health of childcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlighted that childcare professionals' depression rates during the pandemic were higher than before the pandemic, and depression, stress, and asthma rates were higher than rates among US adults overall during the pandemic. Given the essential work childcare professionals provided during the pandemic, policy makers and public health officials should consider what can be done to support their physical and mental health.

Relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers remains unknown. If unvaccinated child care providers are also less likely to employ nonpharmaceutical interventions, then a vaccine mandate across child care programs may have larger health and safety benefits. METHODS: To assess and quantify the relationship between the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination among U.S. child care providers, we conducted a prospective cohort study of child care providers (N = 20,013) from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Child care providers were asked to complete a self-administered email survey in May-June 2020 assessing the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions (predictors) and a follow-up survey in May-June 2021 assessing COVID-19 vaccination (outcome). Nonpharmaceutical interventions were dichotomized as personal mitigation measures (e.g., masking, social distancing, handwashing) and classroom mitigation measures (e.g., temperature checks of staff/children, symptom screening for staff/children, cohorting). RESULTS: For each unendorsed personal mitigation measure during 2020, the likelihood of vaccination in 2021 decreased by 7% (Risk Ratio = 0.93 [95% CI 0.93 - 0.95]). No significant association was found between classroom mitigation measures and child care provider vaccination (Risk Ratio = 1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.01]). CONCLUSIONS: Child care providers who used fewer personal mitigation measures were also less likely to get vaccinated for COVID-19 as an alternative form of protection. The combined nonadherence to multiple types of preventative health behaviors, that is, both nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccination, among some child care providers may support a role for mandatory vaccination to achieve pandemic control.

Association of Child Masking With COVID-19-Related Closures in US Childcare Programs.

Importance: It is not known how effective child masking is in childcare settings in preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This question is critical to inform health policy and safe childcare practices. Objective: To assess the association between masking children 2 years and older and subsequent childcare closure because of COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: A prospective, 1-year, longitudinal electronic survey study of 6654 childcare professionals at home- and center-based childcare programs in all 50 states was conducted at baseline (May 22 to June 8, 2020) and follow-up (May 26 to June 23, 2021). Using a generalized linear model (log-binomial model) with robust SEs, this study evaluated the association between childcare program closure because of a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case in either children or staff during the study period and child masking in both early adoption (endorsed at baseline) and continued masking (endorsed at baseline and follow-up), while controlling for physical distancing, other risk mitigation strategies, and program and community characteristics. Exposures: Child masking in childcare programs as reported by childcare professionals at baseline and both baseline and follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures: Childcare program closure because of a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case in either children or staff as reported in the May 26 to June 23, 2021, end survey. Results: This survey study of 6654 childcare professionals (mean [SD] age, 46.9 [11.3] years; 750 [11.3%] were African American, 57 [0.9%] American Indian/Alaska Native, 158 [2.4%] Asian, 860 [12.9%] Hispanic, 135 [2.0%] multiracial [anyone who selected >1 race on the survey], 18 [0.3%] Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 5020 [75.4%] White) found that early adoption (baseline) of child masking was associated with a 13% lower risk of childcare program closure because of a COVID-19 case (adjusted relative risk, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99), and continued masking for 1 year was associated with a 14% lower risk (adjusted relative risk, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-1.00). Conclusions and Relevance: This survey study of childcare professionals suggests that masking young children is associated with fewer childcare program closures, enabling in-person education. This finding has important public health policy implications for families that rely on childcare to sustain employment.

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among US Child Care Providers.

OBJECTIVES: Ensuring high coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine uptake among US child care providers is crucial to mitigating the public health implications of child-staff and staff-child transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; however, the vaccination rate among this group was previously unknown. METHODS: To characterize vaccine uptake among US child care providers, we conducted a multistate cross-sectional survey of the child care workforce. Providers were identified through various national databases and state registries. A link to the survey was sent via e-mail between May 26 and June 23, 2021. A 37.8% response yielded 21 663 respondents, with 20 013 satisfying inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Overall COVID-19 vaccine uptake among US child care providers (78.2%, 90% confidence interval: 77.5% to 78.9%) was higher than the US general adult population (65%). Vaccination rates varied between states from 53.5% to 89.4%. Vaccine uptake among respondents differed significantly (P < .01) based on respondent age (70.0% for ages 25-34, 91.6% for ages 75-84), race (70.0% for Black or African Americans, 92.5% for Asian Americans), annual household income (70.8% for <$35 000, 85.1% for >$75 000), and child care setting (73.0% for home-based, 79.7% for center-based). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccine uptake among US child care providers was higher than the general US adult population. Those who were younger, lower income, Black or African American, resided in states either in the Mountain West or the South, and/or worked in home-based child care programs reported the lowest rates of vaccination. State public health leaders and lawmakers should prioritize these subgroups to realize the largest gains in vaccine uptake among providers.

Detection of bacterial fluorescence from in vivo wound biofilms using a point-of-care fluorescence imaging device.

Wound biofilms must be identified to target disruption and bacterial eradication but are challenging to detect with standard clinical assessment. This study tested whether bacterial fluorescence imaging could detect porphyrin-producing bacteria within a biofilm using well-established in vivo models. Mouse wounds were inoculated on Day 0 with planktonic bacteria (n = 39, porphyrin-producing and non-porphyrin-producing species, 107  colony forming units (CFU)/wound) or with polymicrobial biofilms (n = 16, 3 biofilms per mouse, each with 1:1:1 parts Staphylococcus aureus/Escherichia coli/Enterobacter cloacae, 107  CFU/biofilm) that were grown in vitro. Mouse wounds inoculated with biofilm underwent fluorescence imaging up to Day 4 or 5. Wounds were then excised and sent for microbiological analysis. Bacteria-matrix interaction was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histopathology. A total of 48 hours after inoculation with planktonic bacteria or biofilm, red fluorescence was readily detected in wounds; red fluorescence intensified up to Day 4. Red fluorescence from biofilms persisted in excised wound tissue post-wash. SEM and histopathology confirmed bacteria-matrix interaction. This pre-clinical study is the first to demonstrate the fluorescence detection of bacterial biofilm in vivo using a point-of-care wound imaging device. These findings have implications for clinicians targeting biofilm and may facilitate improved visualisation and removal of biofilms.

THADA fusion is a mechanism of IGF2BP3 activation and IGF1R signaling in thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer development is driven by known point mutations or gene fusions found in ∼90% of cases, whereas driver mutations in the remaining tumors are unknown. The insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) plays an important role in cancer, yet the mechanisms of its activation in cancer cells remain poorly understood. Using whole-transcriptome and whole-genome analyses, we identified a recurrent fusion between the thyroid adenoma-associated (THADA) gene on chromosome 2 and the LOC389473 gene on chromosome 7 located 12 kb upstream of the IGF2BP3 gene. We show that THADA fusion to LOC389473 and other regions in the vicinity does not result in the formation of a chimeric protein but instead leads to strong overexpression of the full-length IGF2BP3 mRNA and protein, increased IGF2 translation and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling via PI3K and MAPK cascades, and promotion of cell proliferation, invasion, and transformation. THADA fusions and IGF2BP3 overexpression are found in ∼5% of thyroid cancers that lack any other driver mutations. We also find that strong IGF2BP3 overexpression via gene fusion, amplification, or other mechanisms occurs in 5 to 15% of several other cancer types. Finally, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that growth of IGF2BP3-driven cells and tumors may be blocked by IGF1R inhibition, raising the possibility that IGF2BP3 overexpression in cancer cells may predict an anti-IGF1R benefit.

El tabaquismo y su prevención educativa en la población de un consultorio médico / Smoking and its educative prevention in the population of a neighborhood medical office

Introducción: el consumo crónico del tabaco constituye en la actualidad un fenómeno social que afecta indistintamente a todos los sectores de la población. Objetivo: demostrar que el diseño e implementación de una estrategia educativa incrementa el nivel de conocimientos y los intentos por dejar el tabaquismo en pacientes fumadores del consultorio 37, Hermanos Cruz. Material y método: se trata de una investigación cuasiexperimental con diseño preprueba posprueba con un solo grupo realizada en el período comprendido entre el 6 de agosto de 2012 y el 30 de abril de 2013. El universo de estudio lo constituyeron los 101 pacientes fumadores de dicha área. La muestra fue de 75 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se aplicó ji cuadrado de McNemar para ver resultados de las variables antes y después. Resultados: al inicio de la estrategia un 77,3% tenía un nivel de conocimientos adecuado sobre los daños que ocasiona el hábito de fumar cifra que aumentó al 100% finalizada la investigación. Un 47,7% tuvo intentos por dejar de fumar al inicio de la estrategia cifra que aumentó al 77,3% de los participantes después de la intervención. Todos los participantes que intentaron dejar de fumar antes continuaron intentando después. Conclusiones: se debe continuar con el seguimiento adecuado de estos pacientes para que los que intenten dejar de fumar lo logren.

Introduction: chronic consumption of tobacco today constitutes a social phenomenon that affects indistinctly to each sector of the population. Objective: to prove that the design and implementation of an educative strategy increases the level of knowledge and the tries to quit smoking in patients from the office 37 (Hermanos Cruz Neighborhood). Material y method: quasi-experimental research with pre- and pro-test design with just one group carried out from August 6, 2012 to April 30, 2013. The target group consisted of the 101 smoking patients in that area, while the sample was made up by the 75 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Chi-square test was applied to see the results of the variables before and after. Results: early in the strategy’s implementation, 77.3% of the patients had an adequate level of knowledge about the damages caused by smoking, this number increased to 100% after the research. 47.7% made tries to quit smoking early in the strategy’s implementation, and that number increased in participants after the intervention. All the participants that before tried to quit smoking kept trying later on. Conclusions: the proper following should go on with these patients so they get to quit smoking if the try.