RESUMO
Background: Ideas about Artificial intelligence appeared about half a century ago, but only now is it becoming an essential element of everyday life. The data provided are becoming a bigger pool and we need artificial intelligence that will help us with its superhuman powers. Its interaction with medicine is improving more and more, with medicine being a domain that continues to be perfected. Materials and Methods: The most important databases were used to perform this detailed search that addresses artificial intelligence in the medical and surgical fields. Discussion: Machine learning, deep learning, neural networks and computer vision are some of the mechanisms that are becoming a trend in healthcare worldwide. Developed countries such as Japan, France and Germany have already implemented artificial intelligence in their medical systems. The help it gives is in medical diagnosis, patient monitoring, personalized therapy and workflow optimization. Artificial intelligence will help surgeons to perfect their skills, to standardize techniques and to choose the best surgical techniques. Conclusions: The goal is to predict complications, reduce diagnostic times, diagnose complex pathologies, guide surgeons intraoperatively and reduce medical errors. We are at the beginning of this, and the potential is enormous, but we must not forget the impediments that may appear and slow down its implementation.
RESUMO
Acute peritonitis accounts for 1% of inpatient surgical emergencies and is the second leading cause of sepsis in patients in intensive care departments. Diagnosis through laboratory analysis in bacterial peritonitis focuses mainly on the biomarkers, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. A 73-year-old male patient presented with meteorism, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and hypotension. Laboratory investigations showed very high procalcitonin and C-reactive protein values, and abdominal radiography revealed paraumbilical hydroaerial levels, which suggested septic shock of intra-abdominal origin. Emergency laparotomy was performed, which revealed agglutinated intestinal loops in the right iliac fossa with false membranes, purulent fluid, overdistended jejunum and ileum with an occlusive appearance, acute gangrenous appendicitis with perforation, and suppurative omentitis. The intraoperative diagnosis was acute neglected peritonitis in the occlusive phase owing to acute gangrenous appendicitis with perforation and suppurative omentitis. Laboratory analysis in conjunction with imaging provides important information in the early diagnosis of infectious pathology in elderly patients, even if these methods do not accurately identify the cause. The combination of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein biomarker levels successfully contributed to the diagnosis in this case. Notably, the patient's white blood cell counts were inconsistent with the severity of the infection.
