High-grade transformation of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma demonstrates distinctive clinicopathological features and an unfavorable prognosis: a matched case-control study of the largest series in China.

PURPOSE: Amidst the rarity of High-grade transformation (HGT) in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), this study offers unprecedented insights into its aggressive nature and clinical implications. METHODS: A 1:1 match comparison between 23 HGT patients and non-HGT counterparts was extracted from 412 ACC cases, focusing on dissecting distinctive clinicopathological features and prognostic outcomes. RESULTS: The predominant sites of HGT were the sinonasal and lacrimal glands (30.4% each). Notably, the solid subtype was the most prevalent pattern within HGT, accounting for 69.6% of cases. Compared to non-HGT, the HGT cohort exhibited significantly higher rates of lymph node metastasis (39.1% vs. 8.7%; P < 0.05), perineural invasion (60.9% vs. 26.1%; P < 0.05), and increased Ki-67 proliferation index (35.0% vs. 10.0%; P < 0.05). Moreover, HGT regions typically showed reduced or absent p63 expression, along with high-grade pathomorphology. HGT was associated with increased recurrence (55.0%) and distant metastasis (78.3%), leading to an average survival of 35.9 months and a 3-years mortality rate of 35.0%. Overall and progression-free survival rates were significantly decreased in the HGT group. CONCLUSION: This study represents the largest single-center cohort of HGT cases to our knowledge, highlighting its frequent occurrence in the sinonasal and lacrimal glands and association with poorer outcomes. The findings support classifying HGT in ACC as Grade 4, reflecting its severity.

Establishment of pelvic inflammatory disease model induced by vaginal injection of Ureaplasma urealyticum liquids combined with fatigue and hunger.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammation of the upper genital tract. PID is the leading cause of some severe sequelae in the absence of timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment. An appropriate animal model is needed to explore the underlying mechanism of PID sequelae. This study introduced an animal model of PID by vaginal injection of liquid Ureaplasma urealyticum combined with fatigue and hunger (UVF). This study was designed to test the feasibility of a rat model. A rat model was established using UVF irradiation. Levels of some inflammatory cytokines in the serum and the homogenates of the fallopian tubes were measured by ELISA, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry and compared with another rat model of Ureaplasma urealyticum liquids injected into the two uterus horns during laparotomy. Inflammatory alterations and adhesions were observed after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and detected using the Blauer scoring system. The results showed that the combined UVF and rat model caused apparent obstruction, edema, and adhesion in the fallopian tubes and connective tissues. The rat model showed upregulated CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and significantly increased levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17. UVF also enhanced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ß, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (P<0.05). The UVF rat model can induce inflammatory alterations in the fallopian tubes and connective tissues, and can be used as a model of PID.

Impacts of aerobic gymnastics on their practitioners / Impactos da ginástica aeróbica em seus praticantes / Impactos de la gimnasia aeróbica en sus practicantes

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobics refers to exercise that integrates dance, gymnastics, and technical movements with a hectic pace and high demand for aerobic energy. The practice of this sport can improve cardiopulmonary function and prevent cardiovascular diseases, besides eliminating excess fat and improving body shape. Objective: Analyze the body changes caused by aerobic gymnastics in its practitioners. Methods: This article analyzes relevant scientific articles to raise a protocol of exercises performed by the experimental test method. The results of the relevant variables went through mathematical statistics, analysis, and confrontation of the research results. Results: The comparison of various indicators before and after the intervention showed that the normal range of body composition for women was 0.75 to 0.80; the test results showed that the waist-to-hip ratio of the volunteers decreased from 0.89 to 0.77. Conclusion: The aerobic gymnastics protocol performed positively impacted the body composition of its practitioners. In the psychological domain, it also contributed to a correct understanding of the body's physical aesthetics, promoting the achievement of high-level human beauty in its practitioners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A ginástica aeróbica refere-se ao exercício que integra dança, ginástica e movimentos técnicos com ritmo agitado e alta demanda de energia aeróbica. A pratica desse esporte pode melhorar a função cardiopulmonar e prevenir doenças cardiovasculares, além de eliminar o excesso de gordura e melhorar a forma corporal. Objetivo: Analisar as alterações corporais provocadas pela prática da ginástica aeróbica em seus praticantes. Métodos: Este artigo efetua uma análise em artigos científicos relevantes para levantar um protocolo de exercícios que são executados pelo método de teste experimental. Os resultados das variáveis pertinentes passaram pelo método de estatística matemática, análise e confronto dos resultados da pesquisa. Resultados: A comparação de vários indicadores antes e após a intervenção mostrou que a faixa normal da composição corporal para as mulheres era de 0,75 a 0,80; os resultados dos testes mostraram que a relação cintura/quadril das voluntárias diminuiu de 0,89 para 0,77. Conclusão: O protocolo de ginástica aeróbica executado obteve um impacto positivo na composição corporal de seus praticantes. No domínio psicológico, também contribuiu para uma compreensão correta da estética física corporal, promovendo a conquista da beleza humana de alto nível em seus praticantes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La gimnasia aeróbica se refiere al ejercicio que integra la danza, la gimnasia y los movimientos técnicos con ritmo agitado y alta demanda de energía aeróbica. La práctica de este deporte puede mejorar la función cardiopulmonar y prevenir enfermedades cardiovasculares, además de eliminar el exceso de grasa y mejorar la forma corporal. Objetivo: Analizar los cambios corporales provocados por la práctica de la gimnasia aeróbica en sus practicantes. Métodos: Este artículo realiza un análisis en artículos científicos relevantes para plantear un protocolo de ejercicios que se realizan por el método de prueba experimental. Los resultados de las variables relevantes pasaron por el método de la estadística matemática, el análisis y la confrontación de los resultados de la investigación. Resultados: La comparación de varios indicadores antes y después de la intervención mostró que el rango normal de composición corporal para las mujeres era de 0,75 a 0,80; los resultados de la prueba mostraron que la relación cintura-cadera de las voluntarias disminuyó de 0,89 a 0,77. Conclusión: El protocolo de gimnasia aeróbica ejecutado obtuvo un impacto positivo en la composición corporal de sus practicantes. En el ámbito psicológico, también contribuyó a una correcta comprensión de la estética del cuerpo físico, promoviendo el logro de una belleza humana de alto nivel en sus practicantes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Impacts of elastic band training on lower limb strength in aerobic gymnastics athletes / Impactos do treinamento com banda elástica na força dos membros inferiores em atletas de ginástica aeróbica / Impactos del entrenamiento con bandas elásticas en la fuerza de los miembros inferiores en atletas de gimnasia aeróbica

ABSTRACT Introduction: For over 100 years, elastic band training has been used in fitness training, including mainly male physical strength training, female body sculpting training, and stimulation of stages in child development. Objective: Verify the impacts of elastic band training on lower limb strength in aerobic gymnastics athletes. Methods: The method of literary data, expert interview, and logical analysis were adopted. Mainly through the logical analysis method, 20 aerobics athletes in a rhythmic gymnastics club were selected as volunteers for the experiment. They were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups and then performed a jump test for 14 weeks, involving three steps. Results: It was found that before the experiment, the athletes in the experimental group performed slightly better in the three-step approach and level 1 straight step jump than the control group. Elastic band training significantly improved trunk strength and lower limb strength. Conclusions: Factors affecting the selection of lower body strength training content for aerobic gymnastics athletes are: physical factors, training cycle factors, multi-age factors, and coaches' factors. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Há mais de 100 anos, o treinamento de banda elástica tem sido utilizado no treino de aptidão física, incluído principalmente no treinamento de força física masculina, treinamento de escultura corporal feminina e estimulação de estágios no desenvolvimento infantil. Objetivo: Verificar os impactos do treinamento com banda elástica na força dos membros inferiores em atletas de ginástica aeróbica. Métodos: Adotou-se o método de dados literários, entrevista especializada e análise lógica. Principalmente através do método de análise lógica, 20 atletas de ginástica aeróbica em um clube de ginástica rítmica foram selecionados como voluntários para o experimento. Eles foram divididos aleatoriamente no grupo experimental e no grupo de controle, e então realizaram um teste de salto por 14 semanas, envolvendo três etapas. Resultados: Verificou-se que antes do experimento, os atletas do grupo experimental tiveram um desempenho ligeiramente maior na abordagem de três etapas e salto de passo direito nível 1 do que o grupo de controle. O treinamento de banda elástica melhorou significativamente a força do tronco e a força dos membros inferiores. Conclusões: Os fatores que afetam a seleção de conteúdos de treinamento de menor força corporal para atletas de ginástica aeróbica são: fatores físicos, fatores de ciclo de treinamento, fatores de várias idades e fatores próprios dos treinadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Desde hace más de 100 años, el entrenamiento con bandas elásticas se utiliza en el entrenamiento de la condición física, incluyendo principalmente el entrenamiento de la fuerza física masculina, el entrenamiento de la escultura corporal femenina y la estimulación de las etapas del desarrollo infantil. Objetivo: Verificar los impactos del entrenamiento con bandas elásticas en la fuerza de los miembros inferiores en atletas de gimnasia aeróbica. Métodos: Se adoptó el método de los datos literarios, la entrevista especializada y el análisis lógico. Principalmente mediante el método de análisis lógico, se seleccionaron 20 atletas de aeróbic de un club de gimnasia rítmica como voluntarios para el experimento. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en el grupo experimental y en el grupo de control, y luego realizaron una prueba de salto durante 14 semanas, con tres etapas. Resultados: Se comprobó que, antes del experimento, los atletas del grupo experimental rendían ligeramente mejor en la aproximación de tres pasos y en el salto de paso recto de nivel 1 que el grupo de control. El entrenamiento con bandas elásticas mejoró significativamente la fuerza del tronco y de las extremidades inferiores. Conclusiones: Los factores que afectan a la selección del contenido del entrenamiento de la fuerza de la parte inferior del cuerpo para los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica son: factores físicos, factores del ciclo de entrenamiento, factores de la edad múltiple y factores propios de los entrenadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effect of Shenfu Injection on Isolated Empty Beating Hearts from Miniature Pigs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenfu (SF) injection on donor heart preservation. METHODS: Twelve pigs were randomly divided into SF group (n=6) and control group (n=6). After eight hours of perfusion, the differences in hemoglobin, the expression of Bcl-2 and BAX, and changes in the myocardial ultrastructure were compared to illustrate the effects of SF injection in heart preservation. RESULTS: The differences in free hemoglobin between the SF group and the control group were statistically significant (P=0.001), and there was significant interaction of groups with times (P=0.019), but the perfusion time may not be associated with the hemoglobin concentration (P=0.616). According to Western blotting analysis, the expression of Bcl-2 was higher in the SF group than in the control group, while the expression of BAX was not different between the two groups. As to ultrastructural changes, both groups exhibited mitochondrial swelling and myofilament lysis, but the degree of damage in the SF group was smaller. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the application of SF injection for heart preservation may protect against cardiomyocytes and erythrocytes apoptosis, and Bcl-2 protein may play a role in these physiological processes.

Effect of shenfu injection on isolated empty beating hearts from miniature pigs

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of Shenfu (SF) injection on donor heart preservation. Methods: Twelve pigs were randomly divided into SF group (n=6) and control group (n=6). After eight hours of perfusion, the differences in hemoglobin, the expression of Bcl-2 and BAX, and changes in the myocardial ultrastructure were compared to illustrate the effects of SF injection in heart preservation. Results: The differences in free hemoglobin between the SF group and the control group were statistically significant (P=0.001), and there was significant interaction of groups with times (P=0.019), but the perfusion time may not be associated with the hemoglobin concentration (P=0.616). According to Western blotting analysis, the expression of Bcl-2 was higher in the SF group than in the control group, while the expression of BAX was not different between the two groups. As to ultrastructural changes, both groups exhibited mitochondrial swelling and myofilament lysis, but the degree of damage in the SF group was smaller. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the application of SF injection for heart preservation may protect against cardiomyocytes and erythrocytes apoptosis, and Bcl-2 protein may play a role in these physiological processes.

Transport and metabolism behavior of brazilein during its entrance into neural cells.

Brazilein, a natural small molecule, shows a variety of pharmacological activities, especially on nervous system and immune system. As a potential multifunctional drug, we studied the distribution and the transport behavior and metabolic behavior of brazilein in vivo and in vitro. Brazilein was found to be able to distribute in the mouse brain and transport into neural cells. A metabolite was found in the brain and in the cells. Positive and negative mode-MS/MS and Q-TOF were used to identify the metabolite. MS/MS fragmentation mechanisms showed the methylation occurred at the 10-hydroxyl of brazilein (10-O-methylbrazilein). Further, catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) was confirmed as a crucial enzyme correlated with the methylated metabolite generation by molecular docking and pharmacological experiment.

Application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion studies of brazilin in rats.

Brazilin is an important constituent of Caesalpinia sappan L., and has several bioactivities. In this study, a rapid and sensitive analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has been developed for the determination of brazilin in rat plasma, urine, feces and tissues (brain, heart, liver, lung and kidney and spleen). Biological samples were processed with ethyl acetate containing 5% formic acid extraction, and salicylic acid (SA) was chosen as the internal standard (IS). The separation of brazilin was achieved on an Inspire C18 column (4.6mm×150mm, 5µm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol/5mM ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v). The MS/MS detection was carried out by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 285.1→163.0 for brazilin and m/z 137.1→93.1 for SA on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The total run time was only 5.0min. The analyte showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (R(2)>0.995) and its lower limit of quantification was 2ng/mL. The accuracy and precision ranged from 97.1 to 103.3% and 1.7 to 9.1%, respectively. Recoveries (78.9-93.8%) and matrix effects (81.0-97.8%) were satisfactory in all the biological matrices examined. Stability studies (86.4-99.8%) showed that brazilin was stable during the assay procedure and long-term storage. The assay was successfully applied to plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion study of rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters, such as half-life, mean residence time, maximum concentration were determined. These preclinical data of brazilin would be useful for the clinical reference.

Expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in gingival tissues, GCF and PICF of periodontitis patients and peri-implantitis

High mobility group chromosomal protein B1 (HMGB1) and N2 (HMGN2), two members of High mobility group (HMG) family, play important role in inflammation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in periodontistis. The expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 mRNA in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis (CP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) patients and healthy subjects was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), peri-implant crevicular fluid of peri-implantitis (PI-PICF) and normal patients was determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, IL-1â, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-á and HMGB1 levels in GCF, PI-PICF and healthy-PICF samples from different groups were determined by ELISA. HMGN2 expression was increased in inflamed gingival tissues and GCF from CP and G-ApG groups compared to control group. HMGB1 expression was the highest in the gingival tissues and GCF from CP patients and was accompanied by increased concentrations of IL-1â, IL-6, IL-8 proinflammaory cytokines. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 was increased in the gingival tissues and GCF in CP and G-AgP and the PICF in PICF. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a potential target for the therapy of periodontitis and PI.

Expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in gingival tissues, GCF and PICF of periodontitis patients and peri-implantitis.

High mobility group chromosomal protein B1 (HMGB1) and N2 (HMGN2), two members of High mobility group (HMG) family, play important role in inflammation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in periodontistis. The expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 mRNA in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis (CP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) patients and healthy subjects was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), peri-implant crevicular fluid of peri-implantitis (PI-PICF) and normal patients was determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and HMGB1 levels in GCF, PI-PICF and healthy -PICF samples from different groups were determined by ELISA. HMGN2 expression was increased in inflamed gingival tissues and GCF from CP and G-ApG groups compared to control group. HMGB1 expression was the highest in the gingival tissues and GCF from CP patients and was accompanied by increased concentrations of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8 proinflammaory cytokines. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 was increased in the gingival tissues and GCF in CP and G-AgP and the PICF in PICF. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a potential target for the therapy of periodontitis and PI.

Expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in gingival tissues, GCF and PICF of periodontitis patients and peri-implantitis

High mobility group chromosomal protein B1 (HMGB1) and N2 (HMGN2), two members of High mobility group (HMG) family, play important role in inflammation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in periodontistis. The expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 mRNA in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis (CP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) patients and healthy subjects was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), peri-implant crevicular fluid of peri-implantitis (PI-PICF) and normal patients was determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF- and HMGB1 levels in GCF, PI-PICF and healthy-PICF samples from different groups were determined by ELISA. HMGN2 expression was increased in inflamed gingival tissues and GCF from CP and G-ApG groups compared to control group. HMGB1 expression was the highest in the gingival tissues and GCF from CP patients and was accompanied by increased concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 proinflammaory cytokines. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 was increased in the gingival tissues and GCF in CP and G-AgP and the PICF in PICF. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a potential target for the therapy of periodontitis and PI.