Outcomes in glycemic control in the intermediate follow-up of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a Brazilian cohort study.

BACKGROUND: It is not widely known whether glycemic control (GC) is sustained after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The objective of this study was to investigate incidence and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 284 individuals with body mass index (BMI)≥35 kg/m(2) at operation (1998-2011) through 2013. METHODS: Baseline GC was based on fasting glycemia (FG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and medication. Incident T2DM, complete (normal GC/HbA1c) and partial (abnormal FG/A1c) remission at the last follow-up visit, and relapse were the outcomes of interest. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to compare time to improvement according to insulin use and HbA1c levels at baseline. Pre- and postoperative determinants of T2DM improvement were investigated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Participants were predominantly female (220; 77.2%) with mean age of 39.6 (10.5) years and median BMI of 51.9 (46.1-57.5) kg/m(2) at operation. The mean follow-up time was 5.1 (3.2) years with 67.5% (55.0-78.4) of excess BMI loss (EBL) at the 5(th) year. Normal GC, abnormal FG, and T2DM were observed in 169 (59.5%), 32 (11.2%), and 83 (29.3%) participants at baseline, respectively. The 7 (4.1%) patients with incident T2DM had lower BMI at baseline than those who remained with normal GC (43.6 kg/m(2) [42.0-50.8] versus 52.1 kg/m(2) [46.7-57.7]; P = .01). Complete and partial T2DM remission occurred in 61 (61.3%) and 5 (6.7%) participants, respectively. Baseline HbA1c was associated with a significant difference in the proportion of cases with remission at the 5(th) year of follow-up (P = .016). Age (OR .83; 95% CI .72-.95) and % EBL at the 2(nd) year of follow-up (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09) were independent determinants of T2DM improvement. Relapse occurred in 14 (14.3%) cases. CONCLUSION: We observed a low incidence and impressive improvement rates of T2DM after intermediate follow-up of RYGB.

Changes in intestinal permeability after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) interferes considerably with the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. The study of intestinal permeability can provide important information regarding changes in the structure and function of the mucosal barrier after the procedure. METHODS: The urinary excretion rates of lactulose and mannitol after oral intake of both substances were evaluated. We also evaluated the lactulose/mannitol excretion ratio. Tests were performed during the preoperative period (T0), at the first postoperative month (T1), and at the sixth postoperative month (T6). RESULTS: The study included 16 morbidly obese patients. The excretion rate of mannitol was significantly lower at T1 compared with T0 and T6 (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the excretion rates of lactulose or in the lactulose/mannitol ratio during the three periods. Six patients (37.5%) exhibited a considerable increase in the excretion rate of lactulose at T6 (4-73 times higher than the preoperative value), accompanied by proportional variations in the lactulose/mannitol ratio. CONCLUSIONS: The significant increase in mannitol excretion rate from T1 to T6 most likely reflects the occurrence of intestinal adaptation (mucosal hyperplasia), which would tend to minimize the malabsorption of macronutrients. A subgroup of patients who undergo RYGB exhibit pronounced increase in their intestinal permeability (assessed by the lactulose/mannitol ratio and the lactulose excretion rate) at T6.

Long-term mortality of patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in Public Health System: high prevalence of alcoholic cirrhosis and suicides.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is a valuable therapeutic option to severe obesity. Many researches have assessed the procedure efficiency on weight reduction, improvement in comorbidities and reduction of mortality. However, studies of late mortality and its causes are still necessary, mainly in the Brazilian population. AIM: To assess late mortality, discriminating causes of death and its association with pre-operative characteristics in a series of patients submitted to bariatric surgery. METHODS: Data analyses of 248 patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass through Public Health System, from one up to 12 years of follow-up. The analyzed variables were: gender, age by the time of the surgery, pre-operative body mass index, comorbidities and smoking. The information about mortality was obtained through the Mortality Information System. The deaths were categorized according to International Classification of Diseases 10 and statistics analysis was done through the software STATA TM 9.2. RESULTS: There were nine deaths, five of them were female. The mean age of the patients who died was 48.3 ± 8.4 years and the pre-operative body mass index was 56.0 ± 7.4 kg/m². The causes of death were: alcoholic cirrhosis (n=2), suicide (n=2), infectious causes (n=2), respiratory insufficiency (n=1), agranulocytosis (n=1) and unknown causes (n=1). None of the deaths was directly related to the surgery and there was no association of the pre-operative characteristics in mortality. CONCLUSION: There was not any association between late mortality and pre-operative characteristics. The high frequency of suicide and alcoholic cirrhosis mortality indicates the strict follow-up concerns, with appropriate psychological support to the patients.

Mortalidade no pós-operatório tardio da derivação gástrica em pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde: elevada frequência de cirrose alcoólica e suicídios / Long-term mortality of patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in Public Health System: high prevalence of alcoholic cirrhosis and suicides

RACIONAL: A cirurgia bariátrica é uma opção terapêutica valiosa para tratamento de casos graves de obesidade. Sua utilização em larga escala motivou a realização de diversas pesquisas que comprovaram a eficiência do procedimento na redução do peso corporal, melhora das comorbidades e redução da mortalidade em curto e médio prazo. Entretanto, são necessários mais estudos a respeito da mortalidade de médio e longo prazo e suas causas, principalmente na população brasileira. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a mortalidade após período mínimo de um ano da operação bariátrica discriminando as causas de óbito e sua relação com características pré-operatórias. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de 248 pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde, com seguimento entre um e 12 anos, submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade na operação, índice de massa corporal pré-operatório, presença de comorbidades e tabagismo. As informações sobre mortalidade foram obtidas através do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Os óbitos foram categorizados segundo o Código Internacional de Doenças 10 e a análise estatística feita através do programa STATA TM 9.2. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram nove óbitos tardios, sendo cinco de mulheres. A média de idade dos pacientes que faleceram foi 48,3±8,4 anos e o índice de massa corporal pré-operatório foi 56,0±7,4 kg/m². As causas de óbito foram cirrose alcoólica (n=2), suicídios (n=2), causas infecciosas (n=2), insuficiência respiratória (n=1), agranulocitose (n=1) e causa desconhecida (n=1). Nenhum óbito teve relação direta com o procedimento cirúrgico e não houve influência das características pré-operatórias avaliadas na mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve relação entre a mortalidade e as características pré-operatórias. A alta frequência de mortalidade por suicídio e por complicações do alcoolismo indica a necessidade de seguimento clínico mais rigoroso, envolvendo adequado apoio psicológico aos pacientes.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is a valuable therapeutic option to severe obesity. Many researches have assessed the procedure efficiency on weight reduction, improvement in comorbidities and reduction of mortality. However, studies of late mortality and its causes are still necessary, mainly in the Brazilian population. AIM: To assess late mortality, discriminating causes of death and its association with pre-operative characteristics in a series of patients submitted to bariatric surgery. METHODS: Data analyses of 248 patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass through Public Health System, from one up to 12 years of follow-up. The analyzed variables were: gender, age by the time of the surgery, pre-operative body mass index, comorbidities and smoking. The information about mortality was obtained through the Mortality Information System. The deaths were categorized according to International Classification of Diseases 10 and statistics analysis was done through the software STATA TM 9.2. RESULTS: There were nine deaths, five of them were female. The mean age of the patients who died was 48.3±8.4 years and the pre-operative body mass index was 56.0±7.4 kg/m². The causes of death were: alcoholic cirrhosis (n=2), suicide (n=2), infectious causes (n=2), respiratory insufficiency (n=1), agranulocytosis (n=1) and unknown causes (n=1). None of the deaths was directly related to the surgery and there was no association of the pre-operative characteristics in mortality. CONCLUSION: There was not any association between late mortality and pre-operative characteristics. The high frequency of suicide and alcoholic cirrhosis mortality indicates the strict follow-up concerns, with appropriate psychological support to the patients.

[Effects of breathing exercises on breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion after gastroplasty]. / Efeitos de exercícios respiratórios sobre o padrão respiratório e movimento toracoabdominal após gastroplasti.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion during breathing exercises. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with class II or III obesity (18 women; 6 men) were studied on the second postoperative day after gastroplasty. The mean age was 37 +/- 11 years, and the mean BMI was 44 +/- 3 kg/m(2). Diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device and incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device were performed in random order. Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used in order to measure respiratory variables and thoracoabdominal motion. RESULTS: Comparisons among the three exercises showed significant differences: tidal volume was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing; the respiratory rate was lower during incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device than during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device; and minute ventilation was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing. Rib cage motion did not vary during breathing exercises, although there was an increase in thoracoabdominal asynchrony, especially during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device. CONCLUSIONS: Among the breathing exercises evaluated, incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device provided the best results, because it allowed slower, deeper inhalation.

Effects of breathing exercises on breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion after gastroplasty / Efeitos de exercícios respiratórios sobre o padrão respiratório e movimento toracoabdominal após gastroplastia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion during breathing exercises. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with class II or III obesity (18 women; 6 men) were studied on the second postoperative day after gastroplasty. The mean age was 37 ± 11 years, and the mean BMI was 44 ± 3 kg/m². Diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device and incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device were performed in random order. Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used in order to measure respiratory variables and thoracoabdominal motion. RESULTS: Comparisons among the three exercises showed significant differences: tidal volume was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing; the respiratory rate was lower during incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device than during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device; and minute ventilation was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing. Rib cage motion did not vary during breathing exercises, although there was an increase in thoracoabdominal asynchrony, especially during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device. CONCLUSIONS: Among the breathing exercises evaluated, incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device provided the best results, because it allowed slower, deeper inhalation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o padrão respiratório e o movimento toracoabdominal durante exercícios respiratórios. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro pacientes com obesidade de nível II e III (18 mulheres; 6 homens) foram estudados no segundo dia pós-operatório após gastroplastia. A média de idade era de 37 ± 11 anos, e a média de IMC era de 44 ± 3 kg/m². Exercício diafragmático, espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo e espirometria de incentivo orientada a volume foram realizados em ordem aleatória. A pletismografia respiratória indutiva foi utilizada para avaliar variáveis do padrão respiratório e do movimento toracoabdominal. RESULTADOS: As comparações entre os exercícios demonstraram diferenças significativas: maior volume corrente durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo ou orientada a volume (vs. exercício diafragmático), menor frequência respiratória durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a volume (vs. espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo), e maior ventilação minuto durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo ou orientada a volume (vs. exercício diafragmático). O movimento toracoabdominal não foi modificado durante os exercícios respiratórios e houve um aumento na assincronia toracoabdominal, especialmente durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo. CONCLUSÕES: Entre os exercícios respiratórios avaliados, a espirometria de incentivo orientado a volume forneceu os melhores resultados, pois possibilitou uma inspiração mais lenta e profunda.

Different criteria for assessment of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass success: does only weight matter?

BACKGROUND: Medium and long-term efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) has previously been demonstrated. However, weight-loss success criteria could be influenced by super-obesity prevalence at baseline. Here, we describe a 5-year follow-up concerning weight loss results, comorbidities, and mortality of a RYGBP Brazilian population with a high prevalence (60.6%) of super-obesity. METHODS: One hundred ninety-three patients (142 female, 51 male) submitted to RYGBP were studied. Preoperative and follow-up body mass index (BMI), percent excess weight loss (%EWL), percent BMI loss (%EBL), and comorbidities were analyzed. Analysis of success was based on %EWL, Reinhold modified by Christou, and Biron criteria. RESULTS: Five-year follow-up rates were 91.9%, 82.0%, 71.1%, 71.2%, 72.5%, respectively. By 2 years of follow-up, the rates of success based on %EWL, Reinhold modified by Christou, and Biron criteria were 90.4%, 63.4%, and 87.0%, respectively. By 5 years, these rates were 78.0%, 50.0%, and 74.0%, respectively. There was significant and persistent reduction of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Super-obesity was associated with the worst weight-loss results by modified Reinhold criteria, despite a significant reduction of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: In the super-obese population, RYGBP was very efficient, contributing to significant weight loss and reduction in comorbidities. Mortality was more frequent than international rates, but this was most likely due to the severity of the cohort baseline. Success rates were different according to each criterion, but reaching BMI < 35 kg/m(2) was not necessary for improvement in comorbidities.

Perfil de pacientes obesos classe III do Sistema Público de Saúde submetidos à gastroplastia em “Y de ROUX”, no Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG: altas prevalências de superobesidade, co-morbidades e mortalidade hospitalar / The Sistema Público de Saúde / Public Health System Classe III obese patients’ profile, who have undergone “ROUX-en-Y ” gastroplasty, in the UFMG Hospital das Clinicas: superobesity,co-morbidity and hospital mortality high prevalence

Objetivos: apresentar as características sócioepidemiológicas e clínicas de população deum centro público de referência em tratamento da obesidade mórbida em Minas Gerais. Métodos: avaliaram-se os dados demográficos, uso de álcool e tabaco, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a presença de co-morbidades entre os submetidos à gastroplastia em “Yde Roux”, de março de 1998 a 2005. Resultados: dois terços dos pacientes eram mulheres(142/73,5 por cento). As medianas da idade, IMC e excesso de peso foram de 37 anos, 51,9kg/m2e 71,7kg, respectivamente. A superobesidade (IMC650 kg/m2) foi observada em 60,6 por cento, com maior prevalência entre os homens (x2=5,6; p<0,01). A prevalência de co-morbidades foi alta: hipertensão arterial (63,2 por cento), hipercolesterolemia (41,6 por cento), hipertrigliceridemia(45,2 por cento), “diabetes mellitus” (23,8 por cento), hiperuricemia (42,6 por cento), síndrome metabólica (66,3 por cento), anemia(5,2 por cento). Não houve associação entre o grau de obesidade e a existência de comorbidades. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 4,1 por cento. Conclusão: essa população do Sistema Público de Saúde é de altíssimo risco, com elevado IMC e alta freqüência de co-morbidades por ocasião da cirurgia, o que provavelmente contribuiu para a mortalidade cirúrgica.

Influence of jejunoileal and common limb length on weight loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Capella surgery is one of the technical variations of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The method includes the preparation of an alimentary (Roux) limb with a standardized length (110 cm) in order to induce deficiencies in the absorption of macronutrients and thereby contribute to weight loss. The recognized variation in jejunoileal length in humans (approximately 4 to 9 m) is not considered, although this range correlates with the wide variation in the length of the common limb. METHODS: In order to assess the influence of variations in jejunoileal and common limb lengths on weight loss, intra-operative measurements were made of these segments on 100 patients undergoing Capella surgery. Patients were followed for a period of 1 year. Statistical analysis included subdivisions of the population by gender and body mass index. RESULTS: Average jejunoileal length was 671.4 +/- 115.7 cm (434-990 cm). Average common limb length was 505.3 +/- 113.3 cm (268-829 cm). No correlation was detected between jejunoileal length and weight loss at 6 months or 1 year following surgery. A weak negative correlation was detected between weight loss and common limb length at 1 year following surgery in male and super-obese patients. CONCLUSIONS: Jejunoileal and common limb length vary widely in gastric bypass patients. To make modifications in the alimentary and/or biliopancreatic limb length, surgeons must consider the variability of the jejunoileal and common limb length.

Gut-brain communication: how does it stand after bariatric surgery?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article aims to critically review the literature, describing the possible implications of different bariatric surgery techniques in gastrointestinal peptides and their relation with the neural paths involved in the central regulation of appetite and satiety: the gut-brain axis. RECENT FINDINGS: Bariatric surgery operations change orexigenic and anorexigenic gastrointestinal peptide levels. Forty-one studies were analyzed in order to understand the effects of different operations on the behavior of gut peptides (ghrelin, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide). The authors have tried to correlate these findings with weight loss/maintenance via different surgical techniques. SUMMARY: The present line of research is recent and there is a lack of comparability between studies. There are different design approaches and study protocols, different laboratorial exams. Prospective long-term studies with larger samples are needed to clarify the effects of bariatric operations on the gut-brain axis.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improves the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) of morbid obesity.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been increasingly implicated in the genesis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, no consensus exists about whether weight reduction may reverse this process. METHODS: To assess the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) on the histological evolution of NASH diagnosed in 64 patients by routine liver biopsy ("first" biopsy) performed during surgery, we performed a "second" biopsy after 23.5 +/- 8.4 months in 16 patients (14 female, 2 male). RESULTS: From the first to the second biopsy, BMI decreased from 53.4 +/- 8.8 kg/m2 to 31.1 +/- 4.7 kg/m2, arterial hypertension decreased from 75% to 43.8%, and type 2 diabetes decreased from 43.8% to zero. On the first biopsy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) type 3 was observed in 12 patients (75%) and type 4 in 4 (25%). The second biopsy revealed complete regression of NAFLD in 15 patients (93.7%) and only 1 (6.3%) had NAFLD type 1 (mild steatosis without inflammation). Complete regression of necroinflammatory activity was observed in all patients. Among the 4 patients presenting fibrosis in the first biopsy, complete remission was observed in 1 and improvement in 1. Two continued to show the same degree of fibrosis without evidence of disease activity. No worsening of steatosis, necroinflammatory activity or fibrosis was observed in any of the patients, and none progressed to cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: RYGBP improves steatosis, necroinflammatory activity and hepatic fibrosis in patients with morbid obesity and NASH.

Botulinum A toxin injected into the gastric wall for the treatment of class III obesity: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Obesity represents a major public health problem in western countries. Initial studies suggest that injection of botulinum A toxin (Btx-A) into the antropyloric region inhibits propulsive contractions of the antral pump, with delay in gastric emptying, early satiety and weight loss. METHODS: After approval by the University Ethics Committee, we prospectively evaluated 12 patients with class III obesity divided into 4 groups of 3 patients each. In groups I and II, 200 U Btx-A were injected into the antropyloric region at 8 and 16 sites, respectively. Groups III and IV received 300 U Btx-A into the antropyloric region at 16 and 24 sites, respectively. Body weight and gastric emptying time (GET) of solids and semi-solids using 13C-octanoic acid breath test and 13C-acetic acid breath test, respectively, were determined before and after injection over a period of 12 weeks. RESULTS: Pre- and post-treatment body weight or solid and semi-solid GET did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). All patients reported a feeling of early satiety. No adverse effects related to BtxA or complications resulting from the endoscopic procedure were observed. CONCLUSION: The injection of different doses of BtxA at different sites in the antropyloric region of patients with class III obesity did not interfere significantly with the solid and semi-solid GET or body weight of these individuals. However, early satiety was reported by all patients, the procedure was safe and no side-effects of the treatment were observed. Further controlled studies involving different methodologies regarding dosage of Btx-A and sites of injection are necessary.

Hepatic histopathology of patients with morbid obesity submitted to gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: The authors analyze and describe the hepatic histopathology of patients with morbid obesity submitted to gastric bypass. METHODS: A liver biopsy was performed in 112 patients at the beginning of gastric bypass, and clinical data (gender, age, BMI and associated diseases) were obtained from the patient records. RESULTS: Among the patients, 74.1% (n=83) were females and 25.9% (n=29) were males, age 39.59+/-10.12 years, with BMI 48.79+/-7.54. Regarding the diseases associated with morbid obesity, arterial hypertension was observed in 67.9% (n=76) of the patients, joint diseases in 55.4% (n=62), dyslipidemia in 40.2% (n=45), and diabetes type 2 in 27.7% (n=31). 111 patients (99.1%) showed different types of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (types 1, 2, 3 and 4), with types 3 and 4 accounting for 57.7% (n=64). A significant association was observed between NAFLD type 4 and diabetes type 2 (P=0.018). The presence of glycogen nuclei was significantly correlated with steatosis (P=0.000), lobular inflammation (P=0.019) and perisinusoidal fibrosis (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: 1) Liver biopsy taken at gastric bypass reveals different types of NAFLD; 2) Diabetes type 2 is associated with NAFLD type 4; 3) Glycogen nuclei are correlated with steatosis, lobular inflammation and perisinusoidal fibrosis; 4) Steatosis represents the basic injury in NAFLD and is associated with hepato-cellular ballooning. 5) In view of the frequency of hepatic alterations, a biopsy should be part of the surgical protocol of morbid obesity, this method being the only one able to determine the presence of lesions and to stage fibrosis.

Elevated serum parathormone after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in calcium and vitamin D metabolism are observed early after gastric bypass, whereas clinical or biochemical evidence of metabolic bone disease might not be detected until many years after the procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on bone metabolism determined on the basis of postoperative laboratory changes in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone (PTH) levels. METHODS: 110 patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) were followed after surgery, and the following parameters were determined: intact PTH molecule (PTHi; chemiluminescence), alkaline phosphatase (colorimetric method), ionic calcium (selective electrode), phosphorus and magnesium (colorimetric method). RESULTS: Elevated serum PTHi levels were observed in 29% of the patients and hypocalcemia in 0.9% from the 3rd postoperative month and afterwards (3 to 80 months after surgery). CONCLUSION: There is a need for careful evaluation of bone metabolism and for routine calcium replacement after RYGBP.

Glycemic control in diabetic patients after bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND: Morbid obesity is associated with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and weight loss is fundamental to improve glycemic control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of weight reduction during the late postoperative period (> or = 12 months) after gastric bypass on the glycemic control of diabetic patients. METHODS: Fasting glycemia (glucose oxidase) and glycohemoglobin A1c (enzymatic fluorescence, reference value: 4-6%) were determined before and after surgery. Results were compared by the Student t-test for paired samples (P <0.05). RESULTS: 23 women and 8 men with diabetes, with a mean follow-up of 27.2 months and a mean age of 42.5 years (30-68), were studied. Before surgery, mean +/- SD weight, BMI, excess weight, glycemia and glycohemoglobin were 135.9+/-11.6 kg, 51.8+/-6.4 kg/m2, 68.3+/-14.5 kg, 173+/-71.2 mg/dl, and 7.4+/-1.9%, respectively. After surgery, mean weight, BMI, excess weight, percent weight loss, percent excess weight loss, glycemia and glycohemoglobin were 89.7+/-8.8 kg, 35+/-4.5 kg/m2, 24.6+/-11.6 kg, 32.6%+/-1.8 (12.6-46.5%), 64.7+/-18.3%, 98+/-17.3 mg/dl (P <0.01), and 5.4+/-1.0% (P <0.05), respectively. Oral anti-diabetic drug and/or insulin treatment was discontinued in 89.2% of the patients. After surgery, 90.3% of the patients maintained glycohemoglobin A1c levels <7.0%. CONCLUSION: Weight loss led to a significant and sustained improvement of glycemic control in these patients submitted to bariatric surgery.

Diabetes mellitus e cirurgia bariátrica: efeito da redução do peso no controle glicêmico / Diabetes mellitus and bariatric surgery: the effect of weight reduction on glicemic control

Fez-se uma análise prospectiva de 219 pacientes com obesidade mórbida, submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica entre 1996 e 2001, para estudar a prevalência e evolução do diabetes mellitus (DM). Trinta e nove pacientes (17,8%) do grupo eram diabéticos. O seguimento pós-operatório mostrou: melhor controle metabólico (glicemia em jejum e glicohemoglobina): 37 pacientes (94,8%) passaram a ser controlados somente com dieta: em um paciente (2,56%), a insulina pôde ser substituída por antidiabético oral e, em um paciente (2,56%), manteve-se o uso de insulina, porém em menor dosagem. O melhor controle do diabetes ocorreu entre 15 dias e 12 meses após a cirurgia (média de 3,4 meses). Naquele momento, o índice de massa corporal, a porcentagem de perda de peso e a porcentagem de perda de excesso de peso corporal demonstravam respectivamente: 43,5kg/m2 ± 7,15 (28,1-61,5); 16,8% (5,0-30,2%) e 30,6% (8,0-60,6%). Conclusões: 1) A prevalência de DM neste estudo foi de 17,8%; 2) A perda de peso melhorou o controle metabólico; 3) A redução média de 16,8% do peso corporal foi suficiente para melhorar o controle metabólico.

A prospective analysis of 219 patients with morbid obesity submitted to bariatric surgery between 1996 and 2001 was made to study the prevalence and evolution of the diabetes mellitus (DM). Thirty-nine patients (17.8%) met the criteria for type 2 DM. The follow-up showed better metabolic control (fasting plasma glucose and glycohemoglobin): 37 patients (94.8%) with diet alone, 1 patient (2.56%) changed insulin for oral drug and 1 patient (2.56%) continued with a lower dose of insulin. Treatment was modified between 15 days and 12 months after surgery (3.4 months). At that time: BMI 43.5 kg/m2± 7.15 (28.1-61.5), % loss body weight 16.8% (5-30.2), % loss excess body weight 30.6% (8- 60.6). Conclusion: 1) The prevalence of DM was 17.8%. 2) The weight loss improved metabolic control. 3) Reduction of 16.8% of body weight was sufficient to improve metabolic control.

Cirurgia bariátrica no tratamento do pseudotumor cerebral: relato de caso / Bariatric surgery for treatment of pseudotumor cerebro: a case report

Os autores relatam caso de paciente de 37 anos, obesa mórbida com IMC (índice de massa corporal) de 50 kg/mg apresentando hipertensão intracraniana benigna (pseudotumor cerebral). tratada clinicamente por vários anos sem resposta satisfatória, apresentou remissão total dos sintomas realacionados ao pseudotumor cerebral após cirurgia bariátrica.

An obese woman (body mass index of 50 kg/m²) with benign intracranial hypertension(cerebral pseudotumor) was treated clinically for several years without good results. the patient had total remission of her symptoms after gastric surgery for morbid obesity.

Tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida em mulheres do tipo andróide e ginecóide: estudo prospectivo e comparativo / Morbid obesity in patients with gynecoid are android features: a prospective compared study with surgical treatment

Racional - A obesidade é uma doença crônica que afeta adultos e crianças. Sua prevalência está aumentando de forma alarmante em todo o mundo e sua gravidade se deve a maior associação com outras doenças. Objetivo - Este estudo teve como objetivo principal verificar se a distribuição de gordura corporal interfere na indicação e nos resultados do tratamento cirúrgico para obesidade mórbida. Casuística e Métodos - Foram estudados 60 mulheres sendo 30 com obesidade do tipo andróide (grupo A) e 30 do tipo ginecóide (Grupo G). Utilizou-se o índice cintura-quadril para esta classificação. Quando este índice foi superior a 0,85 as pacientes foram classificadas com andróides e quando inferiores, como ginecóides. Todas foram submetidas a preparo pré-operatório por equipe multidisciplinar e, posteriormente, à gastroplastia vertical associada a derivação gastrojejunal pela técnica de Capella. As pacientes foram acompanhadas no pós-operatório por período que variou de seis meses a quarenta e oito meses. Utilizou-se, para a comparação dos resultados entre os grupos, a perda de peso total, a perda do excesso de peso e o BAROS. Resultados - Os dois grupos foram semelhantes em relação aos seguintes aspectos: idade; tempo de acompanhamento pós-operatório; peso, excesso de peso, índice de massa corporal e comorbidades no período pré-operatório; melhora das comorbidades, qualidade de vida no pós-operatório, complicações cirúrgicas e resultados finais do Baros. As variáreis que apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos, no período pós-operatório, foram: maior perda de peso e de excesso de peso e melhor controle da hipertensão arterial. Esses resultados foram favoráveis ao grupo do tipo andróide. Conclusão - Pôde-se concluir que a perda de peso e o controle da hipertensão arterial após a realização da cirurgia de Capella é superior no grupo de mulheres andróides; a melhora das outras comorbidades e da qualidade de vida ocorre de maneira semelhante nos dois grupos; a distribuição de gordura corporal não é fator a ser considerado no momento da indicação para o tratamento da obesidade mórbida.