[Diagnostic performance of imaging examinations in acute non-traumatic abdominal pain in the radiology department of the Kaolack Regional Hospital]. / Apport de l'imagerie dans la prise en charge des douleurs abdominales aigues non traumatiques au Centre Hospitalier Regional de Kaolack.

AIM: The aim of this work was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of imaging examinations in the presence of acute non-traumatic abdominal pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study over 6 months in the radiology and medical imaging department of the Kaolack Regional Hospital, including any patient received for acute non-traumatic abdominal pain with informed consent in whom the etiological diagnosis is supported by an imaging examination. We investigated the etiologies of acute abdominal pain and compared the imaging findings with surgical exploration. Our data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and Excel 2013 with a coefficient of significance of less than 5%. RESULTS: 106 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 32 years and the gender-ratio was 1.52 in favour of women. Acute abdominal pain was diffuse in 25.5% of patients and localized in 74.5%, of which 18.9% were at right iliac fossa.Abdominal X-ray was performed alone in 4 patients (3.8%), ultrasound alone in 46 patients (43.3%) and abdominal CT scan in 34 patients (32%). CT was combined with ultrasound in 6 patients (5.7%) and with abdominal X-ray in 16 patients (15%). The initial clinical diagnosis was corrected in 49.1% of patients. The sensitivity of the imaging compared to the final diagnosis retained was 96.2%. CONCLUSION: Imaging represents a turning point in the management of patients with acute non-traumatic abdominal pain by providing better diagnostic guidance and avoiding serious complications and unnecessary interventions.

BUT: le but de ce travail était d'évaluer les performances diagnostiques des examens d'imagerie devant des douleurs abdominales aigües non traumatiques. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: il s'agissait d'une étude prospective, transversale et descriptive sur 06 mois dans le service de radiologie et imagerie médicale de l'hôpital régional de Kaolack, incluant tout patient reçu pour douleur abdominale aigue non traumatique avec son consentement éclairé chez qui le diagnostic étiologique est appuyé par un examen d'imagerie. Nous avons recherché les étiologies des douleurs abdominales aigues et confronter les résultats de l'imagerie à l'exploration chirurgicale. Nos données ont été analysés avec les logiciels SPSS 24.0 et Excel 2013 avec un coefficient de significativité inférieur à 5%. RÉSULTATS: 106 patients ont été retenu. L'âge moyen était de 32 ans et le genre-ratio de 1,52 en faveur des femmes. La douleur abdominale aigüe était diffuse chez 25,5% des patients et localisée chez 74,5% dont 18,9% à la FID. L'ASP a été réalisé seul chez 4 patients (3,8%), l'échographie seule chez 46 patients (43,3%) et le scanner abdominal chez 34 patients (32%). Le scanner a été couplé à l'échographie chez 6 patients (5,7%) et avec l'ASP chez 16 patients (15%). Le diagnostic clinique initial a été rectifié chez 49,1% des patients. La sensibilité de l'imagerie par rapport au diagnostic final retenu était de 96,2%. CONCLUSION: L'imagerie constitue un tournant décisif dans la prise en charge des patients présentant une douleur abdominale aigüe non traumatique en apportant une meilleure orientation diagnostique évitant aux patients des complications graves et des interventions inutiles.

Etude du codon 72 du gene p53 dans la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus au Senegal

Introduction: En dehors de l'infection par le Virus du Papillome Humain (HPV); des facteurs genetiques ont ete impliques dans la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus. L'allele Arginine du codon 72 du gene suppresseur de tumeur p53 (GC; Arg/Pro); a ete associe a une predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus chez differentes populations. Notre objectif etait d'etudier l'effet de ce polymorphisme chez une population senegalaise atteinte de cancer du col de l'uterus. Patientes et Methodes: 30 patientes atteintes de cancer du col de l'uterus ont ete recrutees et suivies a l'Institut Curie de l'Hopital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar et 93 femmes temoins bien portantes sans cancer du col diagnostique. Pour chaque individu; l'ADN a ete extrait a partir de sang total preleve sur tube EDTA. Le genotypage du codon 72 du gene p53 a ete realise par PCR-RFLP. Resultats et Discussion: Il n'a pas ete retrouve une association significative entre l'allele Arginine du codon 72 de p53 et la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus (p=0;354) de meme qu'il n'a pas ete retrouve de correlation entre l'allele Arginine et les types de lesions histologiques observees au niveau du col de l'uterus. Malgre l'absence d'association du codon 72 avec la survenue du cancer du col de l'uterus; le gene p53 reste toujours d'actualite dans ce cancer de par son role suppresseur de tumeur

[Transferrine soluble receptors' contribution to the assessment of iron status in homozygous drepanocytic anemia]. / Apport des récepteurs solubles de la transferrine dans l'évaluation du statut en fer au cours de la drépanocytose homozygote.

Sickle cell anemia does not cause martial deprivation per se, but may worsen when iron deficiency exists, notably in tropical zone where infectious diseases and malnutrition are endemic mainly during childhood. This study was aimed to assess iron deficiency prevalence among children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and to determine the best parameters for its diagnosis. In addition to classical parameters, we measured transferrine's soluble receptors which can reveal an iron deficiency, either isolated or associated to another condition since its level is not influenced by chronic anemia. Assays were carried out in 40 homozygous SCD patients, aged 3 to 18 years, having an hemoglobin level < 11 g/dL and in 30 age-paired controls assumed to be healthy and having a negative Emmel test and an hemoglobin level < 11 g/dL. The results showed hyposideremia (serum iron < 60 microg/dL) in 17.5% of the patients. Ferritinemia, transferrinemia as well as total iron fixation capacity were in the normal range for the majority of SCD patients in spite of the frequency of hyposideremia and microcytic anemia (20%). Transferrine's saturation coefficient was low in 22.5% of patients, which can be due to martial deprivation or to inflammatory status. These results confirm the limitations of usual biochemical parameters in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in homozygous drepanocytosis. Soluble receptors' levels were increased in 60% of controls; that proves that iron deficiency prevalence is high in our countries. Higher levels were found in 97.5% of patients. However, receptors' levels are increased during haemolysis, thus it is difficult to ascertain the origin of the increase, but taking into account its index value can reduces misinterpretation. In addition, considering simultaneously microcytosis, hypochromia, transferrine's soluble receptor level and its index, we can speculate that martial deficiency occurs in 20% of SCD patients, a percentage close to the 17.1% obtained by other authors using only the combination of microcytosis and hypochromia. It results from this study that associating microcytosis and hypochromia could validly assess iron deficiency during drepanocytosis.

[Frequency of microalbuminuria during diabetes in Dakar, Senegal]. / Fréquence de la microalbuminurie au cours du diabète a Dakar (Senegal).

Nephropathy is one of the complications occuring during diabetes and it is diagnosed via microalbuminuria. From 1992 to 1999, five hundred and eighty seven (587) diabetic patients were recruited and distributed into two groups, A (n = 270) and B (n = 317). Microalbuminuria was determined by immunonephelemetry for group A and immunoturbidimetry for group B. The results showed respectively 15.5% and 20.19% pathological cases in the two groups (NS). Considering the distribution of patients with microalbuminuria according to the type of diabetes, there were 16.12% type 1 and 15.07% type 2 in group A against 22.60% and 18.13% in group B; no statistically significant differences were observed either in the same group or from one group to another. These frequencies might reflect the situation in the nineties; they are lower than those encountered in other populations. Nevertheless monitoring is needed through a regular schedule to prevent nephropathy.

[Frequency of micoalbuminuria during diabetes in Dakar (Senegal)]. / Frequence de la microalbuminurie au cours du diabète à Dakar (Sénégal).

Nephropathy is one of the complications occuring during diabetes diagnosed via microalbuminuria. From 1992 to 1999, five hundred and eighty seven (587) diabetic patients were recruited in groups A (n = 270) and B (n=317). Microalbuminuria was determined by immunonepheletry for A and immunoturbidimetry for B. The results pointed out respectively 15.5% and 20.19% pathological cases (NS). Considering the distribution of patients with microalbuminuria according to the type of diabetes there were 16.12% type 1 and 15.07% type 2 in group A against 22.60% and 18.13% in group B ; no stastically significant differences were observed either in the same group or from one group to another. These frequencies would reflect the situation in the nineties; they are lower than those encountered in other populations. Nevertheless monitoring is needed through a regular schedule to prevent nephropathy.

[Study of the anti-icteric and hepatoprotective activity of Persea gratissima Gaertner (Lauraceae) seeds ]. / Etude des activités anti-ictérique et hépatoprotectrice des amandes de Persea gratissima Gaertner (Lauraceae).

The lyophilisat of Persea gratissima Gaertner almonds was administered in various quantities to eighty four rats divided in three groups of twenty eight. in the first group (negative reference group), each animal was forcefed with 5 ml of distilled water on a daily basis, in the second group (positive reference group), the rats were forcefed with 5 ml of distilled water per day, after they were intoxicated with 0,3 ml of carbon tetrachloride under cutaneous injection, in the third group (experimental animals), each animal after it was intoxicated by the same quantity of carbon tetrachloride, was forcefed on a daily basis with 14mg/100g PV of lyophilisat of avocado almonds diluted with 5 ml of distilled water. The results showed that the lyophilisat of avocado almonds have a anti-icteric activity which is reflected in the stimulation of the liver to conjugate and eliminate bilirubin, as well as hepatoprotective activity characterised by the normalisation of the aminotransferases enzymes (ASAT, ALAT) and the healing of hepatic lesions within 10 days.

[Laboratory diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies. Prospective study of 14 cases in Dakar, Senegal]. / Diagnostic au laboratoire des gammapathies monoclonales. Etude prospective de 14 cas à Dakar, Sénégal.

Monoclonal gammapathies are detected because of clinical symptoms and biological tests confirm their presence. Wishing to investigate these diseases, we carried out a series of biochemical tests on 14 patients from October 1995 to July 1996: protein, cryoglobulin, electrophoresis of proteins, proteinuria of BENCE JONES, C-reactive protein, weight measuring of immunoglobulins (Ig), immunofixation of Ig, creatinine and calcium. The results we obtained confirmed the presence of 14 cases of myeloma with: -9 IgG myelomas with 6 kappa light chains and 3 lambda light chains -4 IgA myelomas with 2 kappa light chains and 2 lambda light chains -1 IgG kappa, Ig lambda biclonal gammapathy united to a cryoglobulin of class I. We observed a predominance of the IgG over the others Ig and the kappa over the alpha light chains. The proteinuria of BENCE JONES was present among 3 patients, hypercalcemia among 4 patients and hypercreatininemia in 1 patient with chronic renal failure.

[Male sterility through hormonal insufficiency in Cameroon]. / Les stérilités masculines par insuffisance hormonale au Cameroun.

At the Gyneco-obstetric service of the Yaounde CHU, we have studied 361 cases of couple sterility. In 38%, the man was responsible. Among these patients, less than 50% had a complete hormonal checkup. The hormonal cause of sterility was confirmed in 63 patients by static tests using the radio-immunologic method. These hormonal abnormalities were most the result of a primary testicular insufficiency (23.8%) and seminifer tube abnormalities (38.5%).