[Uncommon presentation of central neurocytoma causing intraventricular hemorrhage: case report]. / Neurocitoma central com apresentação incomum por hemorragia intraventricular: relato de caso.

Central neurocytoma was first described by Hassoun et al. in 1982 as a well-differentiated tumor from neuronal origin. This tumor typically occurs in young adults, localized in the ventricular system. It usually presents as intracranial hypertension due to obstructive hydrocephalus. The differential diagnosis should be done with others intraventricular tumors as oligodendroglioma, subependymoma and choroidal plexus papilloma. There are few cases of central neurocytoma presented by intraventricular hemorrhage in the literature. We report a case of 35 year-old woman, who presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to intraventricular hemorrhage within the tumor. MRI revealed a tumor localized in the right lateral ventricle. Histopathological and immunohystochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of central neurocytoma. We review options for the treatment of this entity as well reinforce the inclusion of central neurocytoma as a differential diagnosis for intraventricular hemorrhage.

Multiple brain abscesses caused by Salmonella typhi: case report.

BACKGROUND: Focal intracranial infections caused by Salmonella species are uncommon. The authors report a case of multiple brain abscesses caused by Salmonella typhi. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and poor feeding. Neurological examination revealed cervical hyperextension and absence of sucking and Moro reflexes. During the next 20 hours she developed complex partial seizures with secondary generalization and alternated irritability with drowsiness. Investigation showed hemoglobin 6.3 g/dl; white blood cell count of 19500/mm3 with a marked shift to the left. The analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed white cell count of 1695/mm3, lymphocytes 61%, protein 300 mg/dl and glucose 6 mg/dl. The patient was treated for acute gastroenterocolitis, sepsis, and meningitis. Blood culture taken on the day of admission showed gram-negative bacilli, later identified as S. typhi. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a lesion in the right parietal lobe compatible with a brain abscess. Follow-up computed tomography after 7 days showed several other lesions with the same features. Surgical drainage of the right parietal lesion was performed on the 13th day, through a burr hole. The patient was discharged 5 weeks after admission without neurological deficit. CONCLUSION: Bacteremia, sepsis, and meningitis are relatively common in children with Salmonella infection but intracranial abscesses are very rare. Surgical drainage combined with prolonged antibiotic therapy (drug of choice: chloramphenicol) is the best treatment for Salmonella brain abscesses. The possibility of intracranial infection should be considered in patients with Salmonellosis and neurological dysfunction.

The computed tomographic spectrum of cerebral cysticercosis.

The main findings observed in computed tomography (CT) of the brain of 116 patients with cerebral cysticercosis are reviewed. Calcifications, cysts, nodules, hydrocephalus and inflammatory reactions are better detected by CT than through the use of any of the conventional neuroradiologic procedures, and surgical cases are more properly selected.