The potential role of plantains, moringa, plantain-moringa combined diets, and other plant-based dietary patterns in controlling glycaemia among T2DM persons, a hospital based cross sectional survey in Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk-factor for cardiovascular diseases. Plant-based dietary-patterns have been shown to reverse the effects of these cardiovascular risk-factors. Our study therefore aimed to investigate the potential roles moringa, moringa-plantain combined, and other plant based dietary-patterns could play in controlling glycaemia among persons with type-2-diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Facility-based cross-sectional-study was conducted among 530 T2DM patients from August 2018 to September 2019 in Ghana. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect demographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables. Adherence to plant-based dietary-patterns were assessed using 3-day food record. SPSS version-20 was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: BMI, HbA1c%, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly correlated with adherence to plant-based dietary-patterns (p-value < 0.05). After adjusting for physical activity, adherence to plantain diets Standardized regression coefficient ß (95%CI): -0.098 (-0.321, -0.022), yam ß (95%CI): 0.148 (0.066, 0.496), moringa diets ß (95%CI): -0.095 (-0.325,-0.011) and bean-diets ß (95%CI): -0.112 (-0.577, -0.007) were significantly associated with glycemic control. Adherence to plantain-moriga combined diets ß (95%CI): -0.406 (-0.413, -0.049) and plantain-beans combined diets ß (95%CI): -0.128 (-0.188, -0.038) were also significantly associated with glycemic control. CONCLUSION: Adherence to plantain, yam, beans, plantain-moriga combined diets, and plantain-beans combined diets could be associated with glycemic-control. Health care workers should prioritize these plant-based dietary-patterns for disease prevention and health promotion.

Does Interaction between Sleep Quality and Major Dietary Patterns Predicts Depression among Overweight and Obese Women in Iran?

BACKGROUND: Although major dietary patterns and sleep quality independently affect psychiatric disorders, their interactive association on depression is not clear. This study assesses the independent association of dietary patterns and sleep quality on depression, and also investigates their interactive associations on depression among overweight and obese women in Iran. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 participants, age 18 and above in 2018 at Tehran Iran. Usual dietary intake was collected with 174-FFQ. Participants' biochemical parameters and depression were measured using standard protocol. Major dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis and grouped into Fruits&Vegetable group (healthy dietary pattern), High Fat diary&Red Meat group (unhealthy dietary pattern) and Crackers&High Energy Drinks group (western dietary patterns). RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders poor sleep was associated with moderate and high depression; AOR (95%CI): 0.41(0.19-0.90) and 0.29(0.13-0.60) respectively. However, healthy dietary patterns (tertiles 2nd and 3rd) interact with sleep for depression; AOR (95%CI): 4.168(1.166-14.992) and 2.966(1.068-8.234) respectively. Unhealthy dietary pattern tertiles 2nd and 3rd interact with sleep for depression; AOR (95%CI): 2.925(1.055-8.113) and 4.216(1.182-15.042) respectively and Western dietary pattern tertile 3rd interacts with sleep for depression; AOR (95%CI): 4.264(1.494-12.169). CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation could be associated with depression. However, sleep quality could interacts with dietary patterns to be associate with depression among overweight and obese people.

Association of Adherence to Diabetics Feeding Recommendation with Glycaemic Control and with Malnutrition Risk Among Normal Weight Persons with Type 2 Diabetes in Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is public health problem. Feeding-recommendations help persons with diabetes control glycaemia. The aim was to access the association between adherence to diabetics' feeding recommendation with glycaemic control and with malnutrition risk. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 530 baseline normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 18.5 kg/m2-24.9 kg/m2) persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Brong Ahafo region of Ghana, from August 2018 to September 2019. Adherence to feeding recommendation was evaluated with perceived dietary adherence questionnaire (PDAQ). Malnutrition-risk was assessed using malnutrition universal screening tool. Multinomial logistics regression models were used to assess the association between adherence to diabetics' feeding recommendation with glycaemic control and with malnutrition risk. RESULTS: Participants were generally healthy. Weight (P = 0.011), total cholesterol (P = 0.003) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)% (P < 0.001) were significant with adherence to diabetics feeding recommendation. Low adherence to diabetics' feeding recommendation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.56; 95% CI: 1.44, 4.56; P < 0.001), low adherence to fruit and vegetables (AOR 2.71; 95% CI: 1.48, 4.99; P < 0.001), low adherence to whole grain, beans, starchy-fruits and plantain (AOR 3.29; 95% CI: 1.81, 6.02; P < 0.001), and low adherence to foods prepared with walnut, canola, sunflower, cotton seed and fish oils (AOR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.58; P < 0.001) were significant with poor glycaemic control. Furthermore, low adherence to food prepared with walnut, canola, sunflower, cotton seed, fish or soy oils (AOR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.95; P = 0.034) and low adherence to fish and lean meat (AOR 2.09; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.86; P = 0.017) were significant with moderate malnutrition risk. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that poor adherence feeding recommendation could be related to glycaemic control and malnutrition risk.

Association of household socioeconomic status, neighborhood support system and adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with T2DM, a facility-based cross-sectional study in Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Dietary recommendation help persons with diabetes adopt to healthy eating habits to achieve optimal glycemic control. Socioeconomic-status and neighborhood support system can influence adherence to dietary recommendation. The purpose of our study is to assess the association of household-socioeconomic status and neighborhood-support system with adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Facility-based cross-sectional-survey was conducted in Brong Ahafo region, Ghana. Six hospitals were randomly selected and 530 individuals with T2DM consecutively recruited from the selected hospitals for the study. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic variables. Adherence to dietary-recommendation was the outcome-variable, and was assessed using perceived dietary-adherence questionnaire. RESULTS: Age (years) (P-value = 0.005), Physical-Activity level (P-value = 0.024) Receive-moderate Social-Support (P-value = 0.004) and High-Socioeconomic status (P-value = 0.046) were significantly correlated with adherence to dietary-recommendation. Age (years) regression coefficient (ß) -0.089, 95%CI (- 0.12, - 0.001), Being married ß0.103, 95%CI (0.002, 0.02), moderate and low-social support system ß 0.309, 95%CI (0.17, 0.38) and ß-0.192, 95%CI (- 0.26, - 0.06) respectively, and high-socioeconomic status ß 0.197, 95%CI (0.06, 0.25) were significantly associated with adherence to dietary-recommendation. CONCLUSION: Social-support system and socioeconomic-status could be associated with adherence to dietary-recommendation. Therefore, health workers should consider patients' social support system and socioeconomic status as modifiable factors for optimum adherence.