Suicide prevention and suicidal behavior.

In Mexico, suicidal behavior is a matter of concern because, although the rates of death by suicide are below global mean (11.4 vs. 4.1 x 100,000 population), between 1970 and 2007 they increased by 175 %, especially among young people, in whom it is the third leading cause of death. For this reason, several preventive actions have been developed but have not had the expected success, because they are poorly designed. They lack a uniform and clear case definition. Their approach is reductionist, it focuses only on the public health aspect and does not go beyond traditional plans of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. This review aims to offer different options, such as adopting the case definition provided by Atlanta's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It aims to broaden the vision in order to include philosophical, psychosocial and psychiatric aspects, as well as to include, as a theoretical framework, the "diathesis-stress" psychological model and propose a population-based intervention preventive strategy.

En México la conducta suicida es una preocupación porque, aunque las tasas de suicidio consumado están por debajo de la media mundial (11.4 vs. 4.1 x 100,000 habitantes), entre 1970 y 2007 aumentaron un 175%, sobre todo a expensas de los jóvenes, en los cuales es la tercera causa de muerte. Por tal motivo, se han elaborado varias acciones preventivas que no han tenido el éxito esperado, porque están mal planteadas. Carecen de una definiciones de caso uniforme y clara. Su enfoque es reduccionista, se apega solo al de la salud pública y no salen del esquema tradicional de prevención primaria, secundaria y terciaria. La presente revisión pretende ofrecer una opciones diferentes. Adoptar como definición de caso la de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de la Enfermedades (CCD) de Atlanta. Ampliar la visión incluyendo aspectos filosóficos, psicosociales y psiquiátricos. Incluir como marco teórico el modelo psicológico «diátesis-estrés¼ y proponer como estrategia preventiva «las intervenciones por poblaciones¼.

Effective access to health care in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Effective access measures are intended to reflect progress toward universal health coverage. This study proposes an operative approach to measuring effective access: in addition to the lack of financial protection, the willingness to make out-of-pocket payments for health care signifies a lack of effective access to pre-paid services. METHODS: Using data from a nationally representative health survey in Mexico, effective access at the individual level was determined by combining financial protection and effective utilization of pre-paid health services as required. The measure of effective access was estimated overall, by sex, by socioeconomic level, and by federal state for 2006 and 2012. RESULTS: In 2012, 48.49% of the Mexican population had no effective access to health services. Though this represents an improvement since 2006, when 65.9% lacked effective access, it still constitutes a major challenge for the health system. Effective access in Mexico presents significant heterogeneity in terms of federal state and socioeconomic level. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring effective access will contribute to better target strategies toward universal health coverage. The analysis presented here highlights a need to improve quality, availability, and opportuneness (location and time) of health services provision in Mexico.