Fatting parameters after duck egg exposure to γ-radiation.

In our experiment, we deal with the phenomenon of radiation hormesis and improvements based on this phenomenon to different growing characteristics of the fast-growing, very feed-efficient, and with a high-yielding carcass hybrid of the Peking duck (Cherry Valley SM3 medium). In the first phase of the project, we exposed hatching duck eggs to low and middle doses of gamma radiation 60Co (0.06-2.00 Gy) before placing them into a setter in the hatchery. We then followed the standards of artificial incubation. The treatment of our chosen doses of gamma radiation has no significant influence on the history and results of hatching (from 85.5% to 92.6%); it was influenced only by the basic management and husbandry of the parent stock. From our observations we confirm that the Peking duck, despite genetic progress, retained its vitality and robustness. Its embryos are not damaged even with a dose of 2 Gy, which is over the deterministic effect of ionizing radiation for vertebrates. At the end of the fatting period a significant drop in plasma phosphorus levels was measured in the ducks; however, it was dependent on the radiation dose to which the hatching eggs were exposed (r = -0.965). A positive effect of radiation hormesis may be expected in the case of 1 Gy dose where the highest values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, combined hemoglobin, and drake weight were measured. Lower and higher doses of ionizing radiation used did not display these effects.

[Our two-year experience with the bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of the age related macular degeneration wet form]. / Nase dvouleté zkusenosti s lécbou vlhké formy vekem podmínené makulární degenerace bevacizumabem (Avastin).

AIM: To evaluate the results of the intravitreal Avastin injection treatment in patients with the wet form of the age related macular degeneration and to point out some problems of this treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 71 eyes of 71 patients; the follow up period was 6-24 months, on average, 18.5 months. The first subgroup consisted of 31 eyes treated in the first year, the second subgroup 40 eyes treated in the second year of the study. At the beginning of the treatment, the visual acuity in the first subgroup was 0.05-0.8, on average 0.26, in the second subgroup 0.1-0.6, on average 0.3. Most frequently, the occult form of the subretinal neovascular membrane was diagnosed (60.6%). RESULTS: There were applied 1-6 injections, on average, 3.52 injections. The frequency of applications was set according to the PRONTO study schedule for Lucentis application. The neuroepithelium thickness decreased by more than 100 microm in 35.2% of eyes, was stabilized in 46.5% of eyes, and increased by more than 100 microm in 11.3% of eyes. In the first subgroup, the visual acuity stabilized in 90.3% of eyes, in the second one in 95%, and in the whole group in 93% of eyes. Improvement by more than 15 letters of the ETDRS chart was recorded in the whole group in 8 eyes (11.3%) and, on the other hand, the worsening by more than 15 letters in 5 eyes (7%). We recorded no systemic complications; in no eye we had to treat the endophthalmitis, nor the retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Several times lower price, safety, and positive results of intravitreal Avastin injection treatment support its use in the competition with other anti-VEGF substances.

[Possibilities and limitations of the surgery of the eye's posterior segment under the outpatient conditions]. / Moznosti a meze chirurgie zadního segmentu oka v ambulantních podmínkách.

The goal of this article was to analyze possibilities of the vitreoretinal surgery under the outpatient conditions and to set its limitations. During the period January 1st-September 30th, 2004, there were performed 95 operations of 78 eyes in 77 patients. Number of men and women was practically equal; the age ranged 17-86 years (average 62.6 years). We operated on mostly the retinal detachment. These as well as other procedures, including also the extreme surgery with relaxing retinectomy, extraction of the subretinal tractions and membranes, silicone oil implantation or extraction, or operations combined with the cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Surgeries were performed under local anesthesia combined with analgesia and sedation introduced by anesthesiologist, who was always present and monitored the patient. Surgeries were performed by means of A.V.I. lens and Biom as well, with the assistance of a doctor, and later on, solely of a theatre nurse. The surgeon performed the operations by herself and long-term followed up the patients. The variety of vitreoretinal procedures did not differ from those performed at the departments of ophthalmology at university hospitals. The retinal detachment surgery was more often performed by means of cryosurgical procedure than pars plana vitrectomy undoubtedly because of early recognition of the beginning detachment. All vitreoretinal procedures may be performed on the outpatient basis. The only limiting factors are the physical condition of the patient and an acute ocular disease demanding urgent surgery in a facility with permanent service. Vitreoretinal surgery in outpatient facility performed under local anesthesia is well tolerated by the patients and the postoperative care under outpatient conditions is of equal quality as in inpatient facilities.

[Macular translocation--first experience]. / Makulární translokace--první zkusenosti.

The age related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the most common cause of the central visual acuity loss in persons of age more than 60 years in the well developed countries. Rotation of the macula is nowadays a progressive method of choice of treatment of the exsudative form of ARMD. The aim of this surgical technique is to relocate the neuroretinal epithelium of the central region of the retina to a position situated outside the border of the subfoveolar lesion. Three eyes of three patients (2 woman and one man) were operated on during the period between March and May 2001 at the Department of Ophthalmology of the School of Medicine, Charles University in Pilsen. The method used was the scleral imbrication, which belongs to methods designated as "limited translocation". The mean age of the patients was 62 years and the follow up period was 2 years. After the surgery the relocation of the fovea was observed in all three eyes. In two eyes, the postoperative period was complicated by tractional retinal detachment that occurred three weeks after the surgery as a consequence of progressive proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Both eyes with the retinal detachment were re-operated. In both of them, the repeated pars plana vitrectomy, epiretinal membranes removal with relaxing retinectomy was performed and after maximal mobilization of the retina, the silicone oil implantation followed. In the second patient, the postoperative period was complicated by elevation of the intraocular pressure and a radial retinal fold running from the encircling buckle indentation up to the macula. Slightly improved function was noticed only in the first patient after following cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. In the two other eyes, as noticed at the last follow up check, the postoperative complications caused severe decrease of the central visual acuity although the retina remained attached. Macular translocation procedure is in stage of development and its surgical techniques are being further modified. The risk of postoperative complications with profound loss of central visual acuity corresponds to the level of the technical difficulty and extent of surgical intervention.

[Is it possible to sucessfully treat severe penetrating injuries?]. / Lze úspesne lécit tezké perforující poranení?

The number of serious devastating eye injuries caused by violent crimes or transport accidents is growing. The patients are mostly young men and the preserving of the eye, especially its function is often difficult. From June 2000 to March 2003, 4 eyes of 3 men (aged 16-23 years) with extraordinary serious devastating penetrating injuries were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology in Pilsen. One eye was enucleated because of serious laceration of the whole globe and eyelids at the initial treatment. In three eyes, a pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with inner silicone tamponade was performed after the initial treatment of the penetrating and eventually exiting site. In all vitrectomized eyes a pars plana lensectomy (PPL) was performed, at the time of PPV in one eye, and in two eyes subsequently. When the eyes were stabilized, and the retina was attached, the silicone oil was removed in two eyes. The visual acuity before the surgery decreased to uncertain light projection, and in two eyes of one patient, we were not able to detect the visual acuity because of the unconsciousness of the patient. The follow-up period was 3 months to 2 years; all three eyes are aphakic, and the central visual acuity improved in two eyes to 6/6-9 (20/20-30 or 1.0-0.66) with the aphakic correction or with the contact lens, in one eye with the silicone eye remained the visual acuity is 6/60 (20/200 or 0.1). Even as the prognosis in such patients is unfavorable, in some cases good functional results may be obtained. The basic precondition for successful reconstruction of the seriously injured eye is meticulous primary treatment. For salvage of visual functions, there are often necessary repeated surgeries on the anterior as well as posterior segment of the eye. Their good timing and adequate technique may rapidly decrease the risk of complications after the injury and/or after the surgery respectively.

[Stickler's syndrome (dystrophia vitreoretinalis hereditaria). Results of surgery for retinal detachment]. / Stickleruv syndrom (dystrophia vitreoretinalis hereditaria). Výsledky operace odchlípení sítnice.

OBJECTIVE: Stickler's syndrome (SS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease of the collagenous connective tissue where impaired development of the vitreous body gel and peripheral retina and detachment of the retina are associated with general manifestations. The objective of the retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term results of surgery of retinal detachment in SS. PATIENTS: The group of patients comprised 7 patients, 6 men and 1 woman aged 4 to 45 years, average age 16.8 years. Autosomal dominant heredity was obvious in 6 members (85.7%) of two families. General manifestations of SS included abnormalities of the facial skeleton (6 patients), cleft palate (4 patients), impaired hearing (2 patients), marfanoid habitus (2 patients) and hyperextensibility of the joints (4 patients). In the eyes with SS was manifested by myopia from -1 to -9 D and a liquid vitreous body. Multiple foci of lattice degeneration supplemented the finding in 6 patients (85.7%). Detachment of the retina was a manifestation of SS in 12 of 14 eyes (85.7%). It was manifested in 5 of 7 patients concurrently or within 12 years in both eyes. The causes of retinal detachment were multiple equatorial and postequatorial tears due to lattice degeneration in 8 eyes (66.7%) or a giant tear in 4 eyes (33.3%). Advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was associated with retinal detachment in 8 eyes (66.7%) and in 6 eyes (50%) it was not possible to assess the beginning of retinal detachment. RESULTS: In 3 of 5 patients with bilateral retinal detachment the adverse course of retinal detachment on the first eye was followed 8 to 12 years previously in another department: two retinal detachments with giant tears were evaluated as inoperable and one inveterated detachment with advanced PVR was operated unsuccessfully. Retinal detachment was operated in 9 eyes of 7 patients, in two patients both eyes were operated simultaneously. The patients were followed up after surgery for 11 months to 15 years, on average for 65 months. A cryosurgical approach was used in 6 retinal detachments (66.7%), accentuated cerclage with drainage of subretinal fluid in 5 and radial plombage in one eye. The retina attached in 5 of 6 eyes (83.3%) and the final visual acuity was 0.25-0.1, mean 0.66. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and implantation of silicone oil (ISO) were the final surgical solution in 3 eyes of 3 patients (33.3%). In one eye with retinal detachment with a circumferential width of 320 degrees and advanced PVR PPV and ISO were the primary operation, in two eyes re-operation on account of a relapse of retinal detachment with advanced PVR after an unsuccessful cryosurgical operation. Anatomical and functional success was achieved in 2 of 3 eyes (66.7%), in one eye after removal of silicone oil from the eye. The final visual acuity of successfully operated eyes was 0.2 and 0.16. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal detachment in SS usually affects both eyes, the second eye may be affected after many years. The cause of retinal detachment are multiple tears or a giant tear. Early surgery of retinal detachment has as a rule a favourable effect, while late diagnosis of retinal detachment in children leads frequently to blindness. Dispensarization and regular ophthalmological check-ups of patients with SS are an essential prerequisite of successful prevention and treatment of retinal detachment.

[Penetrating intraocular injuries caused by foreign bodies of organic origin] ]. / Penetrující poranení cizím nitroocním telískem organického puvodu.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate two eyes of two patients with a penetrating injury by an organic intraocular foreign body (CNT), to outline the course of treatment and to evaluate anatomical and functional results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period between May and July 1999 the authors treated at their department an 11-year-old girl and a 17-year old boy with a penetrating CNT injury of organic origin. In the girl they extracted a CNT which pierced the sclera and protruded into the vitreous body. The foreign body was extracted by means of a forceps, the site of perforation was treated by a cryosurgical procedure with a radial Silastic filling. The man was shot into the OL by a grain of pepper from an air-gun. The organic body in the vitreous body caused a violent inflammatory reaction in the vitreous body and retina. Early extraction of the CNT could not be made because of an adverse corneal finding which made surgery impossible. The progressing proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) led to repeated formation of epiretinal, subretinal and cyclitic membranes which caused relapsing detachment of the retina (OS). The foreign body was extracted during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) by the transvitreal route using a forceps. Definite adherence of the retina was achieved during the third PPV, membranectomy and implantation of silicone oil (SO). Final functional success was achieved by eliminating SO and by partial perforating keratoplasty. RESULTS: The CNT in the girl was histologically and parasitologically identified as a fibre of animal origin (animal hair or human eyelash). The follow up period is six months, VOP-5/5 nat., NOT 17 torr, bulbus undisturbed. In the second patient the cultivation finding from the vitreous body was negative. Extensive PVR developed as a result of breakdown products of the organic CNT and led to relapsing OS. Three months after the last operation the bulbus is at rest, the corneal disc clear, the retina attached, VOL-3/60 s + 8.0 D steop., NOT 12 torr. CONCLUSIONS: The final results of treatment of severe devastating penetrating injuries by a CNT is determined by the preoperative condition of the ocular tissues. CNT of organic origin damage intraocular tissues by their breakdown products as well as by more frequent contamination with pathological microorganisms. Our experience provided evidence that penetrating injuries by non-infected CNT of organic origin have a favourable prognosis. But even relapsing and prolonged OS after extraction of the CNT of organic origin and endophthalmitis need not lead to loss of the eye or its function.

[Removal of the juxtafoveal neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration]. / Odstranení juxtafoveální neovaskulární membrány u vekem podmínené makulární degenerace.

Surgical extraction of the submascular neovascular membrane (SNM) is one of the new indications for surgery of the macula. The functional results after surgical extraction of the SNM depend on the state of the submascular pigmented epithelium and neuroepithelium which is, last not least, conditioned by the etiology of SNM. The majority of SNM in age-related macular degenerations has a poor prognosis, These SNM are as a rule nourished from several vascular sources and markedly destroy the pigmented epithelium because they penetrate beneath and above it. The authors evaluate in the submitted paper the results of surgical removal of the SNM in two eyes of two patients with age-related macular degeneration. Despite the relatively favourable juxtafoveal localization of the membrane, a non-complicated course of the operation and postoperative course the functional result of the operation in the two eyes was not very satisfactory. Chorioretinal scars with extensive defects of the pigmented epithelium in the region of the macula were the cause of a decline of visual acuity to a level which however could be hardly preserved by a conservative procedure.

[Vitrectomy and autologous thrombocyte concentrate in the treatment of idiopathic macular holes]. / Vitrektomie a koncentrát autologních trombocytu v lécbe idiopatických makulárních der.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of surgery of idiopathic macular holes (IMH) using or not using autologous thrombocyte concentrates (ATC). METHOD: Fifty eyes with IMH, stage 2-4, were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised 27 eyes with an average persistence of complaints of 12 months where pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and tamponade with 16% C3F8 were combined with the use of ATC. Group 2 comprised 23 eyes with a mean duration of complaints of 14 months which were treated by PPV and 16% C3F8 without ATC. In all IMH stage 2 and 3 the posterior vitreous membrane was detached from the retina. The epimacular membrane was removed, if present. The mean follow-up period in group 1 was 17.2 months and in group 2 12.3 months. RESULTS: In group 1 anatomical success was achieved in 21 eyes (78%), visual acuity improved by two lines and more in 16 eyes (59%). In group 2 anatomical success was recorded in 15 eyes (69%) (p = 0.326) and visual acuity improved in 10 eyes (44%) (p = 0.265). Nine eyes were reoperated with ATC. Reoperations improved the anatomical success in the whole series to 90% and the functional success to 62%. The visual acuity improved in 70% operated eyes within 12 months from the onset of complaints and in 47% eyes with a longer case-history (p = 0.1182). Complications included retinal tears in 5 eyes (10%), detachment of the retina in one eye (2%), minor facete-like defects in the pigmented epithelium in 22 eyes (44%), disciform maculopathy in 5 eyes (10%) and atrophy of the optic disc in 3 eyes (6%). CONCLUSIONS: PPV is beneficial in IMH in the majority of patients. ATC can improve anatomical and functional results. Functional success is more likely after surgery in the early stage of the disease. The results of surgery are jeopardized by various complications. It is important to inform patients on the limitations and risk of surgery.

[The effect of chemotherapy on energy and nitrogen balance in patients with hematologic neoplasms]. / Vliv chemoterapie na energetickou a dusíkovou bilanci u hematoonkologických nemocných.

Energy balance and nitrogen balance were evaluated within the opening week of standard induction chemotherapy in 26 haematooncological patients. The patients were uncomplicated in good nutritional status and nutritional requirements were covered by oral diet under the daily assistance of specially trained dietary nurse. Resting energy expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry under standard circumstances was elevated to 113.1% of predicted value by Harris-Benedict equation. We found a significant decrease in REE to 106.1% of predicted value (p < 0.01) on day 7 after the beginning of induction chemotherapy. Total energy requirements calculated on the basis of measured REE were not elevated during chemotherapy and mean energy balance was balanced. On the other hand mean nitrogen balance was markedly negative during chemotherapy even on the second day of treatment (-6.9 gN/day, cumulative nitrogen balance -28.0 gN/5 days). The negativity correlated will with markedly elevated urinary nitrogen output but worse with nitrogen intake in the diet. Significant correlation was found between the negativity of cumulative nitrogen balance for the whole period of follow up and the magnitude of decrease in REE after chemotherapy (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). This dependence may give evidence of the decay of tumor mass as the main factor of changes shown. Findings described here may support the assumption that energy requirements of haematooncological patients in good nutrition status during chemotherapy may be covered by oral diet even though this usually does not prevent the negativity of nitrogen balance.

Dialkylphosphoric acids as carriers in separation of lanthanides and thorium on supported liquid membranes.

Permeation of seven lanthanides (Ln) and thorium through a supported liquid membrane containing di-(n- octyl)phosphoric (DOPA) or di-(n-pentyl)phosphoric (DPPA) acid as a carrier has been studied as a function of the chemical composition of the system. The results have been compared with a previous study in which di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid was used. Metal cations were transported from feed solutions of pH 1.1-4.8 (HNO(3)) into strip solutions of 0.015-0.1 mol l(-1) nitric acid. The ionic strength was kept constant at 0.1 mol l(-1) (HNO(3), KNO(3)). The initial lanthanide concentration and carrier concentration in the liquid membrane were varied from 0.5 to 500 mumol l(-1) and from 0.01 to 0.5 mol l(-1) respectively. To describe the mass transfer of metal cations, permeability coefficients have been determined by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy or by on-line flow-injection analysis of metal concentrations in strip or feed solution. Probably as the result of a higher solubility of the carrier in aqueous media, transport of Ln with DPPA was not observed. By using DOPA, La, Ce, Pr, and Nd permeated through the membrane while transport of heavier Ln was partly or totally suppressed. This enables these four Ln (separation factor alpha = 3.0 for Nd and Sm) to be separated from the others. Furthermore, at a very low acidity gradient, only La (III) is transported over the membrane (alpha >/= 3.4 for La, Ce and next Ln). The seven elements from La to Tb can be separated from Th(IV) because no evidence of its permeation through the membrane was found under the conditions of Ln transport. In contrast to previous studies on Ln transport with dialkylphosphoric acid carrier, the possibility of participation of species other than Ln(AHA)(3) in the transport has been discussed. The decrease of permeability observed at higher Ln concentrations and higher pH of the feed solution has been explained as the result of formation of species, e.g. polymeric ones, that are unable to permeate through the membrane.

[Retinal detachment in pseudophakia]. / Amoce u artefakie.

The author evaluates the prevalence and results of surgical treatment of retinal detachment (RD) after implantation of intraocular lenses in a group of 10,185 eyes operated at the First and Second Ophthalmological Clinic from 1988 to the end of 1993. Retinal detachment was observed in 0.4% of artephakic eyes. A striking risk factor for the development of RD was in particular loss of the vitreous body during cataract operation, a previous injury, myopia and YAG capsulotomy. The presence of an intraocular lens did not influence in a substantial way the selection of the surgical procedure. In cases with a complicated finding in the anterior segment and the retina the authors selected more frequently pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal tamponade with an expansive gas or silicone oil (in 44.3% eyes). The retina became attached in 90.4% of the eyes, while in patients operated by cryosurgery anatomical success was achieved in 82.1% of the eyes and in the group operated by PPV with internal tamponade in 100% of the eyes. Functional improvement, as compared with the condition before surgery of RD, was achieved in 48.9% of successfully operated eyes. In the PPV group the authors observed, however, substantially poorer functional results as compared with cryosurgery. In complicated artephakic RD PPV with internal tamponade contributed to a striking improvement of anatomical results but the poorer functional results after PPV in complicated RD provide evidence of a poorer prognosis of artephakic RD, as compared with aphakic ones.

[Endogenous mycotic endophthalmitis]. / Endogenní mykotická endoftalmitida.

The authors present the case of a female patient who, following complicated surgery, developed endogenous endophthalmitis. Based on the clinical picture and microscopic finding in the punctuate of the affected vitreous body the diagnosis of endogenous mycotic endophthalmitis was established. The treatment of the condition is based on a combination of local and systemic administration of antimycotics. If medicamentous treatment is not effective, pars plana vitrectomy must be performed. In severe cases surgical treatment is selected as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed.

[Diabetic maculopathy]. / Diabetická makulopatie.

After review of literature about diagnosis and treatment of diabetic macular edema own results with mean observation time of 5 months are presented. After photocoagulation the visual acuity improved in eyes with focal maculopathy in 28.9%, stabilized in 62.2% and in 8.9% it was worse. In eyes with diffuse maculopathy improvement was observed in 29.6%, stabilisation only in 37%, deterioration in 33.3%. In ischemic maculopathy the visual acuity improved in 23%, stabilised in 76.9% and in none case deterioration was stated. We plan to reevaluate our results during longer observation time.

[Artephakic retinal detachment]. / Artefakická amoce.

The authors investigated the incidence of retinal detachment from a total of 3,802 artephakic eyes in which between September 1988 and June 1993, an intraocular lens was implanted at the First Eye Clinic in Prague. Detachment of the retina occurred in 10 eyes, 9 patients (0.3%). Risk factors for detachment of the retina were loss of the vitreous body during extraction of the cataract, a previous injury, myopia and YAG capsulotomy. Cryosurgery was selected in 76.9%, pars plana vitrectomy with an internal tamponade using silicon oil in 15.4% of the eyes. The retina attached in 92.3%, the visual acuity improved, as compared with the condition before operation of the detached retina, in 58.4% of successfully operated patients. Extracapsular extraction of the lens with implantation of an intraocular lens significantly reduced the incidence of retinal detachment. The prognosis of artephakic retinal detachment is comparable with the prognosis of aphakic retinal detachment.

[Bilateral retinal detachment]. / Oboustranné odchlípení sítnice.

In 1977-1990 a total of 2,554 patients with rhegmatogenic retinal detachment were operated by the cryosurgical method, using silicone episcleral implants. The total number of patients comprosed 36 (1.4%) where the authors detected during the preoperative examination retinal detachment, usually in an initial stage, on the other eye. In 30 patients the authors operated bilateral detachment of the retina simultaneously and in the remaining six during the same hospitalization. The poorer eye was characterized by 1. more extensive retinal detachment, 2. a higher grade of proliferative vitreoretiopathy (PVR). As to the preoperative findings, the authors consider the following points important: 1. Almost 70% of the patients did not report subjective complaints of the better eye. 2. With regard o the pathogenesis the patients were divided into three groups: lattice degenerations in 61.1%, idiopathic oral dialysis 11.1%, other factors 27.8% of the patients. 3. Symmetry of the retinal defect up to 90 in two-thirds of the patients. 4. Type of operation. On the poorer eye the authors performed segmental plombage in 12 eyes (33.3%), cerclage in 5 eyes (139%) and reinforced cerclage in 19 eyes (52.8%). For the better eye the authors indicated segmental plombage in 12 eyes (77.8%), cerclage in 4 eyes (11.1%) and reinforced cerclage in 4 eyes (11.1%). Subretinal fluid was punctured on the poorer eye in 19 eyes (52.7%) and on the better eye in 7 eyes (19.4%). After an average observation period of 40 months the retina became anatomically attached in 86.0% on the poorer eye, and in 100% on the better eye. Bilateral retinal detachment in our group can be considered a model situation of retinal detachment which developed roughly at the same time and under equal endogenous conditions of the given organism. It may be thus assumed that a different extent of detachment and grade or proliferative vitreoretinopathy before operation was determined above all by the period of retinal detachment.

[Arachidonic acid in the liver, ovary and uterus of cows with various reproductive capability]. / Obsah kyseliny arachidonové v játrech, ovariích a deloze krav s ruznou úrovní reprodukce.

Research was carried out at two localities ecologically different, i.e. in the "relatively" clean region of Klatovy, designed according to the standards of the Czech Ministry of Environment as a region with above-average quality environment and in the considerably affected region of Prague-East, designed as a region with below-average quality environment. The first group included 33 cows from herds with good fertility (average conception rate after 1st insemination 61.5 and service period 88 days) and the dairy cows were eliminated for reasons different as reproductive disorders (Klatovy), in the second group all 18 cows were eliminated because of reproductive disorders (Prague-East) and they were from the herds with much lower fertility (average conception rate after 1st insemination 46.9% and service period 107 days). Samples of liver, uterus and ovarian tissues of the cows were processed according to the method after Jarý et al. (1987), analysed on the gas chromatograph Varian--Aerogramm 2100. The data obtained were processed on a computer IBM PC--AT with a numeric co-processor, and the programme Quatro Pro, version 2.0 was used. Differences in average amounts measured in both regions are objectively characterized in Figs. 1, 2 (with marked scatterings) and correspond to the amount given in Tab. I. As regards the saturated acid, stearic acid and oleic acid, no remarkable differences were found according to the localities (Klatovy and Prague), with the exception of the average contents of those acids in uterine horns. In that case the region of Klatovy is dominating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[New views on treatment of intraocular foreign bodies]. / Nové pohledy na osetrení cizích nitroocních telísek.

The authors evaluated the results of surgery in 130 patients operated at the Second Ophthalmological Clinic in 1983-1989 on account of intraocular foreign bodies. Extraction of the body was successful in 126 patients (96%), the function of the eye was preserved in 102 of 126 extracted foreign bodies (81%), a visual acuity of 0.5 to 1.0 was recorded in 78 eyes (60%). The authors investigated the relationship of functional results on the type, size and site of the intraocular foreign body, the way of extraction, interval between the injury and operation and previous attempted extractions. Analysis of results revealed the advantages of extraction of intraocular foreign bodies under visual control in the majority of foreign bodies. Intraocular foreign bodies are not an indication for immediate but for early operation. After careful treatment of the wound where the foreign body penetrated extraction may be delayed for several days before optimal conditions for surgery are created.

[Use of Tissucol, a tissue glue, in reconstructive surgery of large scleral defects]. / Pouzití tkánového lepidla Tissucol pri plastice velkého sklerálního defektu.

In a 14-year-old female patient the postoperative course of myectomy of the musculus rectus oculi externus on account of concomittant strabism was complicated by necrosis of the sclera (diameter 9 mm) at the site of intrascleral stitches and exudation into the anterior chamber and the vitreous body. For fixation of the transplant from lyophilized sclera the tissue glue Tissucol Kit was used. Tissucol rapidly and firmly joined the wound areas, its direct contact with uveal tissue did not produce an inflammatory reaction and the exudate from the anterior chamber and vitreous body was absorbed rapidly and completely.