A Case Report of Disseminated Thromboses and Cardiac Ischemia in a Patient With COVID-19 Pneumonia.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus started in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, in China's Hubei province. This virus quickly spread worldwide, and on March 11, 2020, it was declared a pandemic. Thrombosis, as a hallmark of severe disease, was recognized early as a cause of death; however, the exact pathophysiological mechanism is still not fully understood. We are reporting the case of a 46-year-old patient who presented with multiple arterial thromboses in the setting of an acute COVID-19 infection requiring systemic thrombolytic therapy and thrombectomy.

Levels of Silicon in Maternal, Cord, and Newborn Serum and Their Relation With Those of Zinc and Copper.

BACKGROUND: Evidence of silicon's importance to health has been gradually accumulating. Nevertheless, there are few studies comparing serum silicon levels in newborns with maternal levels. Likewise, little is known concerning the inter-relation between silicon and other trace elements. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated maternal and newborn levels of serum silicon and their relation to those of zinc and copper. METHODS: We measured serum silicon, copper, and zinc in 66 pregnant women, in the umbilical cord of their infants, and in 44 newborns, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All the samples were from fasted subjects. RESULTS: Serum silicon level in term newborns (20.6 ±â€Š13.2 µmol/L) was significantly higher than in umbilical cord (8.9 ±â€Š3.5 µmol/L; P < 0.0001). Mean serum silicon level in maternal vein (7.7 ±â€Š3.4 µmol/L) was lower than that in umbilical cord, although differences were not significant. We also found higher levels of zinc (P = 0.008) and lower levels of copper (P < 0.0001) in cord blood compared with maternal blood. Umbilical venous/maternal venous level ratios of zinc, copper, and silicon were 1.5 ±â€Š0.5, 0.2 ±â€Š0.1, and 1.3 ±â€Š0.7, respectively. There was a positive correlation between silicon and zinc levels (r = 0.32), and a negative correlation between copper and zinc levels (r = -0.35). CONCLUSIONS: It seems that there is a positive gradient of silicon from the mother to her fetus. Silicon levels were higher in newborn than in cord blood, and correlated significantly with that of zinc but not copper. Additional investigations are needed to further define the role of silicon and its interaction with other trace elements during the perinatal period.

Inmigración, anarquismo y deportación: la criminalización de los extranjeros “indeseables” en tiempos de las“ grandes migraciones” / Immigration, Anarchism and Deportation: The Criminalisation of the “Undesirable” Foreigners in Times of the “Great Migration”

Este artículo propone reconstruir y documentar ciertos procesos y hechos sociales que pusieron en relación a la inmigración, el anarquismo y la deportación en un contexto específico, la llamada “época de las grandes migraciones”3, con especial consideración del período anterior al denominado “giro restrictivo” de la década de 1930 en el campo de las políticas gubernamentales desarrolladas en la región sudamericana. Su desarrollo asume que la propia existencia de medios de control de la migración y la movilidad, como la expulsión o deportación es constitutiva de la producción social y la criminalización de la inmigración. Se realiza una aproximación al origen y expansión de la figura legal de la expulsión de los extranjeros en el continente americano, con foco en América del Sur a comienzos del siglo XX. Luego, se describen algunas de las ideas, controversias y propuestas que surgieron entre funcionarios y juristas en torno a la “expulsión de extranjeros” durante la primera década del siglo XX, a partir de la presentación del proyecto de ley y de la publicación de los respectivos “apuntes” del senador Miguel Cané en 1899. Por último, se reconstruyen momentos de la vida de la militante anarquista Juana Rouco Buela relacionados con las múltiples “deportaciones” que experimentó debido a su intenso activismo político. El análisis empírico está basado en fuentes documentales oficiales y personales de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del siglo XX. (AU).

This article proposes the reconstruction and documenting of certain processes and social events that interrelated immigration, anarchism and deportation within a particular context, namely the “era of the Great Migration.”It devotes special consideration of the previous period of the so called “restrictive turn” of the decade of the 1930s in the field of the governmental policies as developed in the South American region. The article assumes that the mere existence of means of control of migration and mobility such as expulsion or deportation is constituent of the social production and the criminalisation of immigration. The first section traces back the origin and spread of the foreigners’ expulsion as a legal figure in the American continent, particularly focusing on South America, at the beginning of the twentieth century. The next section describes some of the ideas, controversies, and proposals that emerged among officials and jurists as regards of the “expulsion of foreigners” during the first decade of the twentieth century. This description is based on the presentation of the bill as well as the publication of the respective “notes” of Senator Miguel Cané in 1899. Finally, the analysis reconstructs different moments in the life of the anarchist militant Juana Rouco Buela, related to the multiple deportations that she underwent due to her intense political activism. The empirical analysis is based on official and personal documentary sources from the second half of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. (AU).

"Bolivianos" en la "escuela argentina": representaciones acerca de los hijos de inmigrantes bolivianos en una escuela de la periferia urbana / "Bolivians" in the "Argentinian school": representations of the children of Bolivian immigrants in an urban peripheral school

Este artículo problematiza la presencia de alumnos identificados como bolivianos en una escuela estatal de nivel primario ubicada en un barrio de la periferia urbana de la capital cordobesa, cuya historia y vida cotidiana están atravesadas por el asentamiento temprano de trabajadores inmigrantes provenientes de distintas regiones de Bolivia. A partir de las observaciones hechas en diversas situaciones escolares y las entrevistas realizadas a los sujetos involucrados en ellas, se analizan las distintas representaciones producidas acerca de los "alumnos bolivianos" en las interacciones cotidianas de la escuela. La evidencia empírica utilizada para elaborar este artículo es producto del trabajo de campo que llevado a cabo, fundamentalmente, en los años 2002-2004 y 2007-2008 en la escuela.(AU)

The article problematizes the presence of students identified as "Bolivians" in a state primary school located in a neighborhood on the urban periphery of the capital of Cordobesa, whose history and daily life are influenced by the early settlement of immigrant workers from distinct regions of Bolivia. Observations made in diverse academic situations and interviews conducted with field subjects analyze the Bolivian students in their daily interactions within the school. The empirical evidence utilized to elaborate this article is a product of field work performed fundamentally in the years 2002-2004 and 2007-2008 in the school.(AU)

Predischarge morbidities in extremely and very low-birth-weight infants in Spanish neonatal units.

We sought to describe neonatal morbidities and therapeutic interventions in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) and extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants cared for in Spanish hospitals. We preformed a prospective collection of data covering the perinatal period until discharge by the SEN1500 network. This network, set up by the Spanish Society of Neonatology, targets VLBW and ELBW infants (400 to 1500 g) admitted to neonatal units in Spanish hospitals. Data were recorded in electronic form and controlled for possible errors or inconsistencies before analysis. We report data for 8836 neonates admitted to 48 neonatal units from January 2002 to December 2005. Prenatal steroids were given to significantly more newborns in 2003 to 2005 (79.4%) than in 2002 (73.4%), although the remaining perinatal data examined failed to significantly vary. Delivery was by cesarean section in 69.8% of cases but significantly lower (35.9%) for infants under a postmenstrual age of 26 weeks. Hyaline membrane disease was diagnosed in 53.9% of the newborns and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in 10.46%. Mechanical ventilation was employed in 69.1%, surfactant in 50.3%, and steroids for BPD in 5.3%. Intraventricular hemorrhage grades 3 to 4 (8.1%) and cystic leukomalacia (2.6%) were the most relevant brain ultrasonography findings. Rates of early- and late-onset septicemia were 5% and 29.4%, respectively. Further diagnoses were necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; 6.9%) and persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA; 24.2%); 40.6% of the cases of NEC and 15.3% of those of PDA required surgery. In addition, 26.6% of the newborns required supplementary oxygen at 28 days of life. The number of newborns who had not recovered their birth weight at this age fell from 3.1% in 2002 to 1.5% in 2005. Rates of prenatal steroid use, cesarean delivery, and main morbidities were comparable to figures cited for other patient series, although our BPD rate was among the lowest reported and nosocomial sepsis rate among the highest.

Maternal smoking and the vitamin D-parathyroid hormone system during the perinatal period.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of smoking on the vitamin D-parathyroid hormone (PTH) system during the perinatal period. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-one healthy women with singleton pregnancies and their newborns participated in a cohort study. We compared serum PTH and BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene, 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP) in a smoking group (n = 32) versus a non-smoking group (n = 29), controlling for lifestyle confounders. The mothers were examined at 30 to 32 weeks and 38 to 40 weeks of pregnancy, and the infants were examined at 2 to 3 days of postnatal life. RESULTS: Mothers who smoked and their newborns showed decreased serum PTH (30-32 weeks, 26.9 +/- 10.7 pg/mL versus 37.1+/-19.5 pg/mL; 38-40 weeks, 32.2 +/- 13.5 pg/mL versus 46.2 +/- 21.9 pg/mL, P = .005; newborns, 43.4 +/- 21.8 versus 64.1 +/- 34.2 pg/mL, P = .02) and increased phosphorus. Newborns of mothers who smoked also had significantly lower anthropometric measurements and serum 25(OH)D (14.2 +/- 6.2 ng/mL versus 22.3 +/- 11.3 ng/mL, P = .009). In addition, pregnant women who smoked had lower bALP (30-32 weeks, 31 +/- 15 U/L versus 44+/-29 U/L; 38-40 weeks, 55 +/- 32 U/L versus 97 +/- 62 U/L, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking during pregnancy negatively influences calcium-regulating hormones, leading to relative hypoparathyroidism in both the mother and their newborns.

Mortality for newborns of birthweight less than 1500 g in Spanish neonatal units (2002-2005).

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mortality and its prognostic factors in a Spanish cohort of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants during the period 2002 to 2005. Using the Spanish Society of Neonatology database (SEN 1500), 8942 infants with a birthweight < 1500 g were recruited. The overall mortality was 17.3%. However, this incidence underwent a significant decrease over the study period, from 19.4% in 2002 to 15.2% in 2005 ( P = 0.003). Mortality ranged from 12.4% in 25% of the participating neonatal units to 19.4% in a further 25%. Mortality was higher in outborn infants (25.8%) than in inborn infants (16.6%) ( P < 0.001). The mortality rates of these neonates are also presented by 100-g intervals (401 to 1500) and for the different hospitalization times: in the delivery room, within 24 hours and 28 days of birth, at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, and on discharge. Of note was that mortality was greatest within 24 hours and 28 days of birth in each of the weight groups ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, in the cohort of infants < 1500 g examined, mortality in the period from 2002 to 2005 was still high, especially among newborns weighing < 1000 g. We did, however, observe a decreasing trend in mortality rates for the participating neonatal units over the 4 study years. Our findings highlight the need to promote intrauterine transport and improve neonatal transport as well as the management of these infants in the delivery room and within the first 28 days of life.

Detección neonatal de la toxoplasmosis congénita mediante la determinación de IgM antitoxoplasma en sangre seca de talón / Neonatal screening for congenital toxoplasmosis by IgMantiplasma determination in dried blood from the hee

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A further case of opsismodysplasia with hydrocephalus.

We present a case of opsismodysplasia, a very rare skeletal dysplasia, in a term newborn female who had short length, short extremities and markedly short fingers. Radiological studies demonstrated severe platyspondyly, absence of epiphyseal ossification centers, short tubular bones, especially severe in hands and feet, with metaphyseal cupping. She also had hydrocephaly, a rare finding in opsismodysplasia. In our literature review we have found 24 cases, 17 born alive and seven terminations of pregnancy (TOPs).

The effect of zinc supplementation on linear growth, body composition, and growth factors in preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on linear growth, body composition, and growth factors in premature infants. DESIGN: Thirty-six preterm infants (gestational age: 32.0 +/- 2.1 weeks, birth weight: 1704 +/- 364 g) participated in a longitudinal double-blind, randomized clinical trial. They were randomly allocated either to the supplemental (S) group fed with a standard term formula supplemented with zinc (final content 10 mg/L) and a small quantity of copper (final content 0.6 mg/L), or to the placebo group fed with the same formula without supplementation (final content of zinc: 5 mg/L and copper: 0.4 mg/L), from 36 weeks postconceptional age until 6 months corrected postnatal age. At each evaluation, anthropometric variables and bioelectrical impedance were measured, a 3-day dietary record was collected, and a blood sample was taken. We analyzed serum levels of total alkaline phosphatase, skeletal alkaline phosphatase (sALP), insulin growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, IGF binding protein-1, zinc and copper, and the concentrations of zinc in erythrocytes. RESULTS: The S group had significantly higher zinc levels in serum and erythrocytes and lower serum copper levels with respect to the placebo group. We found that the S group had a greater linear growth (from baseline to 3 months corrected age: Delta score deviation standard length: 1.32 +/-.8 vs.38 +/-.8). The increase in total body water and in serum levels of sALP was also significantly higher in the S group (total body water: 3 months; corrected age: 3.8 +/-.5 vs 3.5 +/-.4 kg, 6 months; corrected age: 4.5 +/-.5 vs 4.2 +/-.4 kg; sALP: 3 months; corrected age: 140.2 +/- 28.7 vs 118.7 +/- 18.8 micro g/L). CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation has a positive effect on linear growth in premature infants.