Incidental finding of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor with adenocarcinoma focus after variceal bleeding.

Case of a young female patient with reflux symptoms. During gastroscopy, the patient presented an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding after biopsy of a fundic lesion. Imaging tests were requested, showing a 8cm pancreatic cyst causing obstruction of the splenic vein with presence of portal hypertension and secondary gastric varices.

Monkeypox outbreak predominantly affecting men who have sex with men, Madrid, Spain, 26 April to 16 June 2022.

Up to 22 June 2022, 508 confirmed cases of monkeypox (MPX) have been reported in the Madrid region of Spain, 99% are men (n = 503) with a median age of 35 years (range: 18-67). In this ongoing outbreak, 427 cases (84.1%) reported condomless sex or sex with multiple partners within the 21 days before onset of symptoms, who were predominantly men who have sex with men (MSM) (n = 397; 93%). Both the location of the rash, mainly in the anogenital and perineal area, as well as the presence of inguinal lymphadenopathy suggest that close physical contact during sexual activity played a key role in transmission. Several cases reported being at a sauna in the city of Madrid (n = 34) or a mass event held on the Spanish island of Gran Canaria (n = 27), activities which may represent a conducive environment for MPX virus spread, with many private parties also playing an important role. Because of the rapid implementation of MPX surveillance in Madrid, one of the largest outbreaks reported outside Africa was identified. To minimise transmission, we continue to actively work with LGBTIQ+ groups and associations, with the aim of raising awareness among people at risk and encouraging them to adopt preventive measures.

Results of consevative treatment of breast cancer in low risk women with hypofractionated radiotherapy

Objetivos: Actualmente la irradiación de toda la mama después de una intervención quirúrgica conservadora sigue siendo un procedimiento estándar en el cáncer de mama, en la que clásicamente se administra una dosis de 50 Gy con fraccionamiento de 2 Gy. Sin embargo, diferentes dosis y fraccionamiento han demostrado al menos la misma eficacia. El objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar la tasa de recidiva local en pacientes sometidas a cirugía conservadora y radioterapia postoperatoria hipofraccionada. Los objetivos secundarios fueron la incidencia y el grado de toxicidad aguda y tardía. Pacientes y métodos: Desde enero de 2004 a diciembre de 2006, se seleccionó a 122 pacientes para radioterapia hipofraccionada con las características siguientes: edad ≥ 50 años, estadio temprano, margen de resección libre de tumor y espesor de la mama < 23 cm. La dosis administrada fue 42,5 Gy con fraccionamiento de 2,66 Gy por sesión. Resultados: Con una mediana de seguimiento de 58,29 meses, 116 (95,08%) pacientes están vivas: 114 libres de enfermedad y 2 con metástasis óseas. La recidiva local a 5 años fue 1,64% y sólo un caso (0,81%) presentó recidiva regional. Hubo un 2,46% de pacientes con segundo tumor primario y un 4,91% con metástasis. La toxicidad, tanto aguda como tardía, ha sido leve. Conclusiones: La radioterapia hipofraccionada en pacientes de riesgo bajo proporciona los mismos beneficios que el tratamiento clásico con una baja toxicidad aguda y tardía (AU)

Aims: Whole breast irradiation, typically administered at a dose of 50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions after conservative surgery, continues to be a standard procedure in breast cancer. However, different doses and fractionation have shown to be at least as effective. The main objective of this study was to determine the rate of local recurrence in patients undergoing conservative surgery and hypofractionated postoperative radiotherapy. The secondary objectives were to determine the incidence and grade of both acute and delayed toxicity. Patients and methods: From January 2004 to December 2006, 122 patients who had the following characteristics were selected to receive hypofractionated radiotherapy to the whole breast: age ≥ 50 years, early stage, tumour free resection margins ≥ 10 mm, thickness of the breast ≤ than 23 cm. The total dose was 42.5 Gy with fractionation of 2.66. Results: With a median follow up of 58.29 months, 116 (95.08%) patients were alive: 114 were free of disease and 2 had metastases. The 5 year local recurrence rate was 1.64%, and only in one case (0.81%) there was a regional recurrence. Only 2.46% of the patients developed a second primary tumour. Distant metastases were present in 4.91%. Toxicity, both acute and late, was mild (grade 1-2). Conclusions: Hypofractionated radiotherapy, in patients with low risk breast cancer after conservative surgery, provides the same benefits as the classical treatment with a low acute, as well as and delayed, toxicity (AU)

A 13th-century description of uterine prolapse: causes, symptoms and treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and discuss Gilbertus Anglicus' contribution to the diagnosis and management of uterine prolapse in the Middle Ages. STUDY DESIGN: Anglicus'Compendium medicinae (ca. 1240) is generally considered a well-documented, systematic epitome of classical and early medieval medical knowledge. The British Library's Sloane manuscript 3486 contains a 15th-century English translation of Anglicus' work, and devotes folios 140(v)-147(v) to a small treatise on gynecology and obstetrics (the so-called 'sekenesse of wymmen'). RESULTS: Chapter six, in particular, deals with uterine prolapse by first approaching disease etiology, female physiology and symptom complex, and ending with a proposal of different therapeutic options to effectively treat or prevent the disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The 13th-century English physician Gilbertus Anglicus identified three different types of uterine prolapse, taking into account the obstetrical and gynecological writings of classical and early medieval authors. Anglicus systematically compiled some of the relevant information available to provide an accurate description of the etiology, symptom complex and treatment of this female disorder.

Baby teething in early modern England: theory and therapeutic practice.

Oral and dental healthcare was a major medical concern in 16th- and 17th-century England. The analysis of a representative corpus from Early English Books Online (EEBO) reveals that the general principles and therapeutic management of baby teething were found most often in pediatric and midwifery treatises. The chapters devoted to this babyhood process usually gave information on factors determining teething onset, eruption schedule, order of appearance, associated disorders and short-term prognosis. Among the remedies available to alleviate children's pain, the authors mention anti-inflammatory herbal ointments, soothing fomentations, periodic mouthwashes, and minor surgery. Although the selected chapters on baby teething do not include detailed accounts of teething-related symptoms, one can find consistent data in the different descriptions and recipes provided. This scholarly agreement indicates systematic medical and midwifery practices to deal with a predictable, but frequently troublesome, stage of children's development.

Brote de Criptosporidiosis en Guadarrama. (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid) / Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis in Guadarrama (Autonomous Community of Madrid)

Fundamento: En la primavera de 1998 hubo un brote de gastroenteritis aguda en Guadarrama (Comunidad de Madrid, España) que afectó sobre todo a niños en edad preescolar. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y analítico (casos y controles) del brote. Se tomaron muestras para estudio microbiológico de las heces de los afectados. Se inspeccionó el sistema de captación de agua de consumo de propiedad municipal y se tomaron muestras para análisis microbiológico. Resultados: Veintiún niños/as de 0 a 5 años presentaron diarrea líquida de más de 5 días de duración. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el consumo de agua del grifo y la gastroenteritis [OR=5,73 (1,18-43,30); p<0,05]. No se halló asociación con otras variables investigadas. Se detectaron ooquistes de Cryptosporidium parvum en heces de ocho de las personas afectadas. Se observaron deficiencias en el sistema de captación y depuración de agua de consumo público de propiedad municipal pero no se encontraron ooquistes en los análisis del agua. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la investigación epidemiológica sustentan que el origen del brote de gastroenteritis por Cryptosporidium parvum fue el agua del grifo. Aunque no se detectó este parásito en los análisis de agua, esto es explicable por las dificultades que entraña esta técnica. En la revisión bibliográfica, no se han hallado descripciones de brotes epidémicos similares en nuestro país, pero según algunos informes, no son infrecuentes en países de nuestro entorno. Por tanto, Cryptosporidium parvum debería ser tenido en cuenta en el diagnóstico y manejo de estas situaciones (AU)