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5.
J Clin Pharmacol ; 54(2): 161-7, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24243081

RESUMO

The objective of the present work was to conduct an "in vivo" analysis of the atazanavir-bilirubin interaction. We developed a new mathematical approach to PK/PDPK models for competitive interaction based on the Michaelis-Menten equation, which was applied to patients with polymorphisms in the gene for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). Atazanavir is known to induce concentration-dependent increases in bilirubin plasma levels. Thus, we employed our mathematical model to analyse rises in steady state atazanavir and bilirubin concentrations, ultimately plotting a nomogram for detection of suboptimal atazanavir exposure. Application of our model revealed that an absolute value or a steady state increase in bilirubin falling below 3.8Φ µmol/L (where Φ is a correction factor, =1 for UGT1A1 wild type and ≠1 for UGT1A1 variants) could be used to predict suboptimal atazanavir exposure and treatment failure. Thus, we have successfully established a new mathematical approach for pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic modelling of the interaction between atazanavir and bilirubin, as it relates to genetic variants of UGT1A1. Taken together, our findings indicate that bilirubin plasma levels represent a valuable marker of atazanavir exposure.


Assuntos
Bilirrubina/sangue , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/farmacologia , Modelos Teóricos , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Atazanavir , Biomarcadores Farmacológicos/sangue , Quimioterapia Combinada/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Glucuronosiltransferase/genética , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Oligopeptídeos/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético , Piridinas/sangue , Adulto Jovem
6.
Clin Pharmacol ; 5: 153-9, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24106429

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to analyze the atazanavir-bilirubin relationship, using a new mathematical approach to pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models, for competitive drug interactions based on Michaelis-Menten equations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Because atazanavir induces an increase of plasma bilirubin levels, in a concentration-dependent manner, we developed a mathematical model, based on increments of atazanavir and bilirubin concentrations at steady state, in HIV infected (HIV(+)) patients, and plotted the corresponding nomogram for detecting suboptimal atazanavir exposure. RESULTS: By applying the obtained model, the results indicate that an absolute value or an increment of bilirubin at steady state below 3.8 µmol/L, are predictive of suboptimal atazanavir exposure and therapeutic failure. CONCLUSION: We have successfully implemented a new mathematical approach to pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for atazanavir-bilirubin interaction. As a result, we found that bilirubin plasma levels constitute a good marker of exposure to atazanavir and of viral suppression.

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