[Immunologic findings in children with abnormal reactions after vaccination]. / Imunologické nálezy u detí s neprimerenými reakcemi po ockování.

In a group of 89 children with abnormal reactions after administration of the mixed vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough, after the mixed vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus, the live measles vaccine and oral poliovaccine, a detailed analysis was made of the case-history, and basic parameters of cellular and humoral immunity were examined. In these children the intensity of post-vaccination reactions was beyond the range of accepted criteria of mild and medium reactions or complications. In 17.3% of the children with an abnormal reaction after the mixed vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough a reduced IgA level was proved, while in the control group a reduced level was found only in 3.3%. 50% of the children who developed an abnormal reaction after the oral poliovaccine and the mixed vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough and at the same time some relative suffered from clinical signs of atopia, a reduced number of E rosettes of lymphocytes was recorded. 80% of the children who developed an abnormal reaction after the measles vaccine and some relative suffered from atopic disease, had low titres of specific antibodies against tetanic toxoid. Evidence was provided that children with certain precisely defined abnormal reactions after vaccination suffered significantly more frequently from reduced immune reactivity than children examined because of a suspected immunity defect.

[Vaccination in children with neurologic diseases]. / Ockování detí s neurologickým onemocnením.

The authors explain the main risks of immunization of children with affections of the central nervous system. For practical reasons the diseases are divided into four groups: 1. Perinatal affections and developmental diseases of the CNS. 2. Neurodegenerative and metabolic affections of the CNS. 3. Acquired affections of the CNS. 4. Paroxysmal diseases. The objective of the paper is to reduce the risk of postvaccination complications in children with serious affections of the CNS, while ensuring the contemporary necessary vaccination rate of the population.

[Immunization against diphtheria and tetanus in children with severe neurological disorders]. / Ockováni proti záskrtu a tetanu u deti se závazným neurologickým onemocnenim.

In the clinical department of the Institute for Sera and Vaccines 260 children with serious neurological diseases were immunized with Alditeana and Alteana. After immunization an undesirable reaction was recorded in 3.1% of the immunized children. Mostly recurrence or potentiation of clinical manifestations of the basic neurological disease of the child was involved. Investigation of the anamnestic data revealed several serious undesirable reactions after vaccination with Alditepera in a health centre for child patients.

[Neurologic disorders after vaccination against measles and mumps]. / Neurologické poruchy po ockování proti spalnickám a príusnicím.

The authors analyse neurological disorders which developed after immunization with vaccines against measles (Movivac) and after immunization against measles and mumps (Mopavac) in 60 children. The majority of reactions developed at the time of the side-reaction after immunization and was manifested by febrile attacks.

[Neurologic complications after vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough]. / Neurologické komplikace po ockování proti záskrtu, tetanu a dávivému kasli.

The authors analyze the character and prognosis of neurological complications after immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (ADTP vaccine) in children free from neurological disease in the case-history (n = 91) and in children with neurological disease in the case-history (n = 9). In both groups the most frequent type of complications were encephalopathies and febrile attacks as a consequence of metabolic and toxic changes following vaccination. Persisting neurological disorders had in both investigated groups in the majority the character of epilepsy.

[Reactivity and immunologic activity of polyvalent split influenza vaccine in children]. / Studium reaktogennosti a imunogenní aktivity chripkové polyvalentní stepené vakcíny u detí.

In a group of 144 children (six months to 15 years) three doses vaccine were administered. The latter contains the main strains of the influenza type A and strain type B. From the clinical evaluation ensued that this vaccine in children is areactogenic even after repeated doses. The morbidity was followed up for 18 months and during this period in the immunized communities no case of influenza was recorded. The antibody levels were assessed by the haemagglutination-inhibition test (HIT) and the enzyme test (NIT) The assessed HI titres were high after the second and third dose, in particular as regard subtype H3N2 and H1N1. The titres against subtype H2N2 and type B were markedly lower. Antibodies against neuraminidase were highest against subtype N1 and type B, lowest against N2. The dynamics of the formation of antineuraminidase antibodies was similar as that of haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies. Based on these results the vaccine is evaluated as very satisfactory and after approval by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs this vaccine will be used for a field trial in 1-2 thousand children where above all the protective effect of the vaccine will be investigated. This vaccine is intended for children, with the aim to induce complex immunity against influenza.

[Use of the Sevac Immunoskintest kit in children]. / Pouzití soupravy Imunoskintest Sevac u detí.

The Immunoskintest SEVAC is a kit of antigens for skin tests to evaluate the state of cellular immunity. By means of this kit 591 children from birth to 15 years were examined: the children suffered from acute diseases of the CNS, respiratory diseases incl. relapsing ones, a malignant tumour, haematological disease, and there were children who were Mantoux II negative and healthy children from children's homes. The value of the index of the skin test was referred to the child's age and sex; the lowest values were recorded in children with immunosuppressive therapy and the highest values of the skin test were found in healthy children and those with acute disease; boys had higher values than girls. In none of the children undesirable side-reaction were recorded after administration of the antigens.

Placebo-controlled study with subunit herpes simplex virus vaccine in subjects suffering from frequent herpetic recurrences.

The safety and efficacy of a subunit herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 vaccine were tested in a small-scale double-blind trial carried out in a group of 42 volunteers suffering from frequent recurrences of herpetic lesions. The patients were paired according to sex, age, type of virus isolated, previous history of the disease and some non-specific immunological markers. One member of each pair received repeated doses of HSV vaccine, the other a placebo. Clinical reactions were mild. Antibody responses following the vaccination were generally low and were almost entirely limited to subjects suffering from HSV-2 lesions. A majority of the patients exhibited improvement of their condition during the postvaccination period. These improvements were, however, nearly equally distributed between the vaccine and placebo groups.

Antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus antigens in patients with chronic viral infection.

We tested antibody titres against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens in patients suffering from chronic viral disease and compared them with those determined in sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Patient sera showed signs of active EBV infection [antibodies against early antigen (EA) and/or viral capsid antigen (VCA) in the IgM or IgA classes] significantly more frequently than the control group. Correspondingly, geometric mean titres (GMT) of antibodies against all viral antigens were elevated in the patients. The strongest association with EBV was observed in patients whose clinical symptoms closely resembled infectious mononucleosis: 92% of the subjects in this subgroup possessed anti-EA and 41 and 25% had IgM and IgA anti-VCA antibody, respectively. In patients with signs of lymphoproliferation only and in those suffering from frequent respiratory infections the association with EBV was less marked but still significant. Patients with transient defects in humoral and cellular immunity mounted higher titres against VCA in the IgG class than those without immune defects.