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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are the most common subtype of NENs. Historically, GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies; however, recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades. In addition, an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy. These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs. In this review, we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, pathology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.
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Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/terapia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/epidemiologia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Intestinais/terapia , Neoplasias Intestinais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Intestinais/diagnósticoRESUMO
This study explored the mechanism of interaction between chlorogenic acid (CA) and protein fibrils (PF) as well as the effects of varying the CA/PF concentration ratio on antibacterial activity. Analysis of various parameters, such as ζ-potential, thioflavin T fluorescence intensity, surface hydrophobicity, and free sulfhydryl groups, revealed that the interaction between PF and CA altered the structure of PF. Fluorescence analysis revealed that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the primary interaction forces causing conformational rearrangement, resulting in a shorter, more flexible, and thicker fibril structure, as observed through transmission electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the characteristic fibril structure was destroyed when the CA/PF ratio exceeded 0.05. Notably, the CA-PF complexes inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and also exhibited antioxidant activity. Overall, this study expands the application prospects of CA and PF in the food industry.
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Antibacterianos , Ácido Clorogênico , Escherichia coli , Proteínas de Soja , Staphylococcus aureus , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Soja/química , Proteínas de Soja/farmacologia , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Glycine max/química , Glycine max/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A novel regimen with high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) has emerged, but its impact on the gut microbiota is not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of HDDT on the gut microbiota and compare it with that of bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT). METHODS: We enrolled outpatients (18-70 years) diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection by either histology or a positive 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) and randomly assigned to either the BQT or HDDT group. Subjects consented to provide fecal samples which were collected at baseline, Week 2, and Week 14. Amplification of the V1 and V9 regions of the 16S rRNA was conducted followed by high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS: Ultimately, 78 patients (41 patients in the HDDT group and 37 in the BQT group) were enrolled in this study. Eradication therapy significantly altered the diversity of the gut microbiota. However, the alpha diversity rebounded only in the HDDT group at 12 weeks post-eradication. Immediately following eradication, the predominance of Proteobacteria, replacing commensal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, did not recover after 12 weeks. Species-level analysis showed that the relative abundances of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia fergusonii significantly increased in both groups at Week 2. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis significantly increased in the BQT group, with no significant difference observed in the HDDT group. After 12 weeks of treatment, the relative abundance of more species in the HDDT group returned to baseline levels. CONCLUSION: Eradication of H. pylori can lead to an imbalance in gut microbiota. Compared to BQT, the HDDT is a regimen with milder impact on gut microbiota.
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Antibacterianos , Bismuto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bismuto/uso terapêutico , Bismuto/administração & dosagem , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Helicobacter pylori/fisiologia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/administração & dosagem , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
Solanum torvum (Swartz) (2n = 24) is a wild Solanaceae plant with high economic value that is used as a rootstock in grafting for Solanaceae plants to improve the resistance to a soil-borne disease caused by root-knot nematodes (RKNs). However, the lack of a high-quality reference genome of S. torvum hinders research on the genetic basis for disease resistance and application in horticulture. Herein, we present a chromosome-level assembly of genomic sequences for S. torvum combining PacBio long reads (HiFi reads), Illumina short reads and Hi-C scaffolding technology. The assembled genome size is ~1.25 Gb with a contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 38.65 Mb and 103.02 Mb, respectively as well as a BUSCO estimate of 98%. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis of the unique S. torvum genes, including NLR and ABC transporters, revealed that they were involved in disease resistance processes. RNA-seq data also confirmed that 48 NLR genes were highly expressed in roots and fibrous roots and that three homologous NLR genes (Sto0288260.1, Sto0201960.1 and Sto0265490.1) in S. torvum were significantly upregulated after RKN infection. Two ABC transporters, ABCB9 and ABCB11 were identified as the hub genes in response to RKN infection. The chromosome-scale reference genome of the S. torvum will provide insights into RKN resistance.
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OBJECTIVES: Transvaginal ultrasound- and laparoscopy-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (TLPMA) is a minimally invasive alternative technique with low risk, fast recovery and few side effects. We aimed to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of TLPMA for treating adenomyosis. METHODS: We included 79 patients with symptomatic adenomyosis who underwent TLPMA and 44 patients with adenomyosis who received the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). We evaluated the role of laparoscopy in TLPMA as well as the short- and long-term effects of TLPMA. RESULTS: The mean age of the 79 patients who underwent TLPMA was 41.8 years. There was no difference in the mean age between the TLPMA and LNG-IUS groups. Laparoscopy could help to separate pelvic adhesions, provide a wide antenna path, and observe the uterine surface and bowel movement. No major complications were found in patients who underwent TLPMA. There was a significant post-treatment reduction in both the uterine and lesion volumes (p < 0.001). After a median follow-up duration of 36 months (range: 1-60 months), the uterine and lesion volumes remained stable. Additionally, most patients remained without dysmenorrhea, which confirms the long-term efficacy of TLPMA. CONCLUSIONS: TLPMA is a feasible, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of adenomyosis, which significantly decreases the uterine and lesion volumes and has a good long-term effect.
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Adenomiose , Laparoscopia , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Adenomiose/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenomiose/cirurgia , Adenomiose/complicações , Levanogestrel/uso terapêutico , Micro-Ondas/uso terapêutico , Dismenorreia/complicações , Dismenorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Dismenorreia/cirurgiaRESUMO
The basidiomycetous edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata has excellent nutrition, medicine, bioremediation, and biocontrol properties. S. rugosoannulata has been widely and easily cultivated using agricultural by-products showing strong lignocellulose degradation capacity. However, the unavailable high-quality genome information has hindered the research on gene function and molecular breeding of S. rugosoannulata. This study provided a high-quality genome assembly and annotation from S. rugosoannulata monokaryotic strain QGU27 based on combined Illumina-Nanopore data. The genome size was about 47.97 Mb and consisted of 20 scaffolds, with an N50 of 3.73 Mb and a GC content of 47.9%. The repetitive sequences accounted for 17.41% of the genome, mostly long terminal repeats (LTRs). A total of 15,726 coding gene sequences were putatively identified with the BUSCO score of 98.7%. There are 142 genes encoding plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) in the genome, and 52, 39, 30, 11, 8, and 2 genes related to lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, chitin, and cutin degradation, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that S. rugosoannulata is superior in utilizing aldehyde-containing lignins and is possible to utilize algae during the cultivation.
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Agaricales , Agaricales/genética , Sequência de Bases , Biodegradação Ambiental , Parede CelularRESUMO
The emergence and recurrence of ovarian cancer are associated with ovarian cancer stem cells. For cancer treatment, gene delivery of microbubbles (MB)-mediated microRNA (miRNA) is considered as a promising approach. In this study, our aim is to investigate the effects of MB-mediated let-7b-5p inhibitor on the proliferation and stemness characteristics of ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells. Let-7b-5p inhibitor mediated by MB was prepared (termed MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor), and the effects of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor and let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cell viability, proliferation and stemness characteristics were investigated. We found that MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor presented a higher transfection efficiency than let-7b-5p inhibitor alone. The inhibitory effect of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cells was more significant than let-7b-5p inhibitor. Let-7b-5p targeted DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box helicase 19A (DDX19A), which was downregulated in OVCA cells. The downregulation of DDX19A reversed the inhibitory effects of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cells. To sum up, we found that MB-let-7b-5p suppressed OVCA cell malignant behaviors by targeting DDX19A.
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Proliferação de Células/genética , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteínas de Transporte Nucleocitoplasmático/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Adulto , Idoso , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/metabolismo , Feminino , Inativação Gênica , Humanos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Transporte Nucleocitoplasmático/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#Loss of response (LOR) has become an important clinical problem in patients with Crohn's disease receiving infliximab (IFX) treatment. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to correlate with the activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and NLR at the 14th week of IFX therapy potentially allows the prediction of sustained response to IFX in Crohn's patients. The aim of this study was to explore whether NLR at the 14th week of IFX therapy could predict the occurrence of LOR to IFX in Crohn's patients.@*METHODS@#Between January, 2012 and December, 2016, 54 patients with Crohn's disease underwent a 52-week treatment with IFX and successfully achieved response to the induction treatment in Zhongnan Hospital. We retrospectively examined their medical records and assessed the association between NLR at 14 weeks and LOR during IFX therapy.@*RESULTS@#Of the 54 patients, 15 (27.8%) showed LOR to IFX during the follow-up. We noted a significant increase in NLR at 14 weeks in the patients with LOR as compared with the patients with sustained response to IFX[3.51 (2.9-6.25) 1.77 (1.23-2.56), =0.00]. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that at the cut-off value of 2.75, NLR at 14 weeks was predictive of LOR within 52 weeks of IFX therapy with a sensitivity of 93.33% and a specificity of 84.62%, and the area under curve (AUC) of NLR was 0.903 (0.731-0.959). Univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between relapse-free survival and the NLR at 14 weeks (=0.00). Multivariate analysis identified NLR at 14 weeks as an independent prognostic factor for LOR with a hazard ratio of 1.851 (95% :1.096-3.026, =0.021).@*CONCLUSIONS@#NLR at the 14th week during IFX therapy is a useful predictor for LOR in patients with Crohn's disease.
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Humanos , Doença de Crohn , Fármacos Gastrointestinais , Infliximab , Linfócitos , Neutrófilos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Ventral anterior homeobox 2 (VAX2) gene is a key regulating factor for the development of the ventral region of the eye, and has recently attracted much attention from the cancer treatment field. Our study aimed to explore the effect of VAX2 on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS: We determined the expression levels of VAX2 in PTC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then assessed the prognosis of patients with PTC, and analyzed the association between VAX2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Subsequently, we measured the biological functions of VAX2 in PTC using qRT-PCR, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assays and western blot. RESULTS: VAX2 was up-regulated in PTC tissues when compared with normal thyroid tissues, and high expression level of VAX2 was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, knockdown of VAX2 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cells. Importantly, through western blot analysis, we found that the expression of phosphorylated-(p) ERK and p-MEK in ERK signaling pathway showed a significant decrease after knockdown of VAX2. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that VAX2 may be involved in the malignant progression of PTC, and hold significant potential as a therapeutic target for PTC.
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Paraquat can lead to injury of multiple organs. As there is no specific treatment for paraquat poisoning, it represents a serious clinical problem. Antioxidants are required to treat oxidative stress in paraquat poisoning and paraquat-induced injury. In this study, we report on successful treatment of a rare case of epilepsy and acute pancreatitis caused by paraquat poisoning. A 29-year-old woman at our hospital presented with a 13-day history of nausea and vomiting after ingesting 20 mL of paraquat (20% W/V). After therapies, the symptoms were controlled. The patient remained asymptomatic during 1 year of follow-up.
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BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a nonspecific inflammatory disease for which medications and therapeutic strategies have only been moderately successful. CBLB502, a toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist derived from Salmonella flagellin, exhibits anticancer and radioprotective activities via modulation of TLRs and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and can protect against acute renal ischemic failure. In this study, we intend to examine the effects of CBLB502 on both TLR responses and the interleukin (IL) and NF-κB signaling pathways in UC treatment. METHODS: The UC mouse model was prepared in BALB/c mice by administering 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). CBLB502 was used as the therapeutic drug. After CBLB502 therapy, the IL and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured by ELISA. Total RNA and protein of colon samples was extracted. RESULTS: We found that CBLB502 had a distinctive therapeutic effect in the UC model. In control group animals, IL-10 expression in serum was 91.48±24.38 ng/mL; this was higher than in the model group (59.36±14.46 ng/mL, P<0.05) or the treatment group (54.29±5.83 ng/mL, P<0.05). In model group animals, the concentration of TNF-α in serum was 140.11±12.70 ng/mL, which was lower than protein levels in the control group (173.86±29.26 ng/mL, P<0.05). The mRNA levels of TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the CBLB502 treatment group were significantly lower than in the model group (P<0.05). Western blot revealed that CBLB502 also reduced NF-κB expression in the mouse colon, but that NF-κB expression was not significantly lower than the model group. CONCLUSIONS: CBLB502 can reduce mucosal damage induced by TNBS and inhibit inflammation and TLR expression. The inhibition of UC by CBLB502 is strictly TLR-IL-dependent and is dose-dependent within the efficacious dose range. Therefore, our results suggested that CBLB502 might be a candidate drug for the treatment of UC.
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A novel capillary electrochromatography (CEC) method was developed by using a hydrophilic monolithic column for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids in a drug. The monolithic stationary phase was first prepared via in situ polymerization of acrylamide (AM), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid (AMPS) in a ternary porogen solvent system consisting of cyclohexanol, dodecanol and toluene. The obtained monolithic stationary phase was subsequently modified by 0.1 mol/L ammonia water for opening epoxide groups of GMA. The separation performance and efficiency of the resulting monolithic column were investigated by the use of five compounds (thiourea, aniline, naphthylamine, diphenylamine and dimethyl acetamide) by CEC. The optimized monolithic column has obtained high column efficiencies with 74,000-121,000 theoretical plates/m. Finally, the prepared monolithic column was used to separate and determine five alkaloids (piperine, nuciferine, kukoline, berberine and tetrandrine) using CEC. Under the conditions of acetonitrile/10 mM phosphate buffer solution (65/35, v/v, pH 8.5) and 15 kV applied voltage, the baseline separation of five alkaloids was achieved. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of berberine in a tablet sample. The percentage of recovery of spiked tablet samples ranged from 93.4 to 108.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) <9.20%.
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Alcaloides/análise , Eletrocromatografia Capilar/métodos , Soluções Tampão , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and colorectal cancer in different continents or economic conditions. Methods Published case-control studies dealing with the correlation of colorectal cancer with Hp infection were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, High Wire Press, Ovid, Medline and EBSCO. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. We selected the OR and 95% CI as indicators of the analysis according to different continents (Asia, Europe, and America) and economic conditions (developed countries and developing countries). Results A total of 23 studies dealing with the correlation of colorectal cancer with Hp infection were included in the present meta-analysis, and there was a total sample of 182,561 patients, including 88,378 cases in Hp positive group and 94,183 cases in Hp negative group. The results of meta-analysis showed the OR was 1.42 (95%CI 1.38-1.46). Geographically, the correlation was low in Asian countries (OR=1.29, 95%CI 1.13-1.48), and was highest in American countries (OR=1.44, 95%CI 1.39-1.48). According to the economic conditions, the correlation was low in developing countries (OR=1.17, 95%CI 1.01-1.37), and was higher in developed countries (OR=1.43, 95%CI 1.39-1.47). Conclusions Hp infection is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. It seems that there is a close relation ship between its incidence and geography, and also economic condition.
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Protein modification has been found to affect the estimation of protein concentration in some of the traditional dye-based absorbance measurements. In this work, a distinct reduction in A595 was observed during the quantitation of a PEGylated exendin-4 analogue (Ex4C) by the Bradford method and the PEGylation process was found to interfere with the measurement. Lys(12), Arg(20), and Lys(27) were further proved to be the major amino acids that functioned as dye-binding sites. The shielding effect produced by the large polymer was demonstrated to depend on the length of PEG that was used for modification.
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Peptídeos/análise , Peptídeos/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Peçonhas/análise , Peçonhas/química , Exenatida , HumanosAssuntos
Dermatite de Contato/etiologia , Intoxicação por Organofosfatos/etiologia , Praguicidas/intoxicação , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Atropina/uso terapêutico , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Dermatite de Contato/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Intoxicação por Organofosfatos/tratamento farmacológico , Parassimpatolíticos/uso terapêutico , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is an ornamental plant that is also used for food and medicine. This basal eudicot species is especially important from an evolutionary perspective, as it occupies a critical phylogenetic position in flowering plants. Here we report the draft genome of a wild strain of sacred lotus. The assembled genome is 792 Mb, which is approximately 85-90% of genome size estimates. We annotated 392 Mb of repeat sequences and 36,385 protein-coding genes within the genome. Using these sequence data, we constructed a phylogenetic tree and confirmed the basal location of sacred lotus within eudicots. Importantly, we found evidence for a relatively recent whole-genome duplication event; any indication of the ancient paleo-hexaploid event was, however, absent. Genomic analysis revealed evidence of positive selection within 28 embryo-defective genes and one annexin gene that may be related to the long-term viability of sacred lotus seed. We also identified a significant expansion of starch synthase genes, which probably elevated starch levels within the rhizome of sacred lotus. Sequencing this strain of sacred lotus thus provided important insights into the evolution of flowering plant and revealed genetic mechanisms that influence seed dormancy and starch synthesis.
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Evolução Biológica , Genoma de Planta , Nelumbo/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nelumbo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dormência de Plantas/genética , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Seleção Genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Amido/biossínteseRESUMO
PEGylation has been a successful strategy for improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutical properties of proteins and peptides. However, PEGylated products also create significant challenges for detailed structural characterization. In this work, a site-specific PEGylation strategy was successfully performed on an exendin-4 analog (Ex4C) through a maleimide method. Tricine-sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Tricine-SDS-PAGE), analytical reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and MALDI-TOF were applied to verify the accomplishment of the PEGylation. Peptide mapping was investigated after tryptic digestion, and the PEGylaton site was successfully located on the C-terminal fragment of Ex4C. Amino acid analysis (AAA) of cysteine was then applied to verify the block in the thiol group caused by PEGylation. We believe that the combination of proper enzymatic digestion and amino acid analysis of cysteine provided an easy and convincing way to identify the PEGylation site in this maleimide method.
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Peptídeos/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Peçonhas/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Química Farmacêutica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Cisteína , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Exenatida , Maleimidas/química , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mapeamento de Peptídeos , Conformação Proteica , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodosRESUMO
A domain at the NH(2) terminal (N-terminal) of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) termed the pre-ligand binding assembly domain (PLAD). The finding that PLAD can mediate a selective TNFR assembly in previously researches provides a novel target to the prevention of TNFR signaling in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). In this study, a natural N-terminal TNFR1 PLAD was obtained for the first time through the methods of GST-tag fusion protein expression and enterokinase cleavage. After purification with a Q Sepharose Fast Flow column, a natural N-terminal TNFR1 PLAD which purity was up to 95%, was obtained and was identified using Nano LC-ECI-MS/MS. Secondary structure analysis of PLAD was carried out using circular dichroism spectra (CD). After that, the TNFR1 PLAD in vitro anti-TNFα activity and the specific TNFR1 affinity were determined. The results proved that the natural N-terminal TNFR1 PLAD can selectively inhibit TNFα bioactivity mainly through TNFR1. It infers an effective and safe strategy for treating variety of IMID with a low risk of side effects in future.