Promising Therapeutic Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived-Exosome in Asthma.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disturbance of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements are involved. Wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night or in the early morning, are typical symptoms of asthma. At present, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting ß-agonists (LABAs) are standard treatments for regular management. Oral corticosteroids (OCSs) were recommended for controlling asthma exacerbation but only for a short-term treatment because of the side effects on organs. Biologic therapies have achieved exciting and notable effects in clinical treatment but are not applicable for all phenotypes of asthma. At present, some new approaches are under exploration to lessen side effects and improve curative effects. Studies have revealed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) hold various curative effects in asthma and may benefit in the long term with high safety. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched in body fluid were characterized as subcomponents of extracellular vesicles and delivered carriers combined with genetic messages in vivo. The therapeutic potential of exosomes has become a research hotspot in many diseases. BMMSC-derived exosomes were considered as the dominant part of BMMSCs in cell-to-cell communications and playing curative effects. Points also hold that BMMSC-Exo could interfere with airway inflammation and airway remolding in asthma via modulating the immune response, regulating gene expression, adjusting the phenotype of macrophage, etc. However, BMMSC-Exo still lacked more clinical trials for evaluating the effects on asthma, and the technology of extraction and purification still needs to be improved for wide use. This review aims to draw the relationship among asthma, BMMSC, and exosome, which may provide innovate ideas for treatment of asthma, and arouse attention about the curative potential of BMMSC-Exo.

A Perspective on Re-Detectable Positive SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Results in Recovered COVID-19 Patients.

OBJECTIVES: There have been reports on re-detectable positive nucleic acid tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recovered coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients. In this study, we look at the clinical characteristics, possible causes, pathogenesis, and infectivity of re-detectable positive patients and provide up-to-date information to public health policy planners and clinicians. METHODS: By consulting the latest research data and related progress data of re-detectable positive patients, this study addresses the implications that this special group brings to clinical work and disease prevention and control. RESULTS: We discuss in detail the phenomenon of re-detectable positive nucleic acid tests for recovered patients. There are many possible causes of a re-detectable positive, but there is no 1 factor that can fully explain this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: It can't be completely ruled out that the re-detectable positive patients are infectious. We should be alert to these re-detectable positive patients becoming chronic virus carriers, and virus serological IgM and IgG antibody tests should be added before patient discharge. It is urgent to find a more powerful evidence-based and virological basis for the integrity of viral ribonucleic acid and the variation of viral virulence with time through cell experiments in vitro and animal experiments in vivo.

Research progress on icariin, a traditional Chinese medicine extract, in the treatment of asthma.

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic airway disease, and long-term management of asthma is the focus and challenge of clinical treatment. Glucocorticoids are often used as the first choice for the treatment of asthma. However, the occurrence of hormone dependence, hormone resistance, and local and systemic adverse reactions caused by hormone application also creates problems for the treatment of asthma. Finding new, safe, and effective therapeutic drugs is an important research direction at present. Icariin is an effective ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine, Epimedium. It has various biological attributes such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities, and immune regulation. It has high safety and a wide range of clinical applications. Icariin has the characteristics of multitargeted intervention in the treatment of asthma. Here, we review the specific mechanisms of icariin in treating asthma, and icariin is considered a novel therapy in controlling asthma; however, the mechanism is still worth further investigation.

Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients.

In this retrospective study we assessed the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with critical or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We enrolled 181 patients admitted to Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) with confirmed COVID-19 between January 2020 and February 2020. Ninety-two patients were treated with tocilizumab, and 89 patients were treated conventionally. We analyzed the clinical manifestations, changes in CT scan images, and laboratory tests before and after tocilizumab treatment, and compared these results with the conventionally treated group. A significant reduction in the level of C-reactive protein was observed 1 week after tocilizumab administration. In some cases this meant the end of the IL-6-related cytokine storm. In addition, tocilizumab relieved fever, cough, and shortness of breath with no reported adverse drug reactions. These findings suggest tocilizumab improves clinical outcomes and is effective for treatment of patients with critical or severe COVID-19. However, future clinical trials are needed to better understand the impact of tocilizumab interference with IL-6 and provide a therapeutic strategy for treatment of COVID-19.

Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, many cases of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus have been discovered in Wuhan, China, and such cases have spread nationwide quickly. At present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic. What are the clinical features of this disease? What is the clinical diagnosis and how should such patients be treated? As a clinician, mastery of the clinical characteristics, basic diagnosis, and treatment methods of COVID-19 are required to provide help to patients. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old male patient with a cough lasting 6 d without obvious cause, as well as fever and fatigue for 1 d, was admitted to Hankou Hospital on January 22, 2020 and transferred to Huoshenshan Hospital on February 4. The main clinical symptoms were dry cough, fatigue, and fever. He was diagnosed with COVID-19. From the 4th d of admission, the patient's condition gradually worsened, with increased respiratory rate and body temperature. Peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased progressively. On the 8th d of admission, the patient's highest temperature was 40.7 °C, and oxygen saturation was 83% despite high-flow oxygen inhalation. Chest computed tomography results showed that the virus progressed rapidly. The number of lesions significantly increased with expanded scope and increased density. The distribution of lesions advanced from peripheral to central. In addition to nasal catheter oxygen inhalation and symptomatic support, antiviral drugs were used throughout the treatment. On January 22, oseltamivir phosphate capsules were given orally (75 mg, twice daily) for 6 d. On January 24, three tablets of lopinavir and ritonavir were added orally (twice daily). After 6 d, this was changed to 0.2 g (two tablets) arbidol, taken orally (three times daily) for 5 d. During the severe stage, methylprednisolone was given (40 mg) once every 12 h, immunoglobulin (20 g) was administered by intravenous drip infusion once daily, and thymosin (1.6 mg) was injected subcutaneously once daily combined with immunotherapy. On February 2, symptoms decreased, various indicators improved, and pulmonary inflammation was obviously reduced. Throat swabs on February 4 and 9 were negative for novel coronavirus nucleic acid. After 19 d in the hospital, the patient was successfully treated and discharged. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 in young adults can be successfully treated with active treatment. We report a typical case of COVID-19, analyze its clinical characteristics, summarize its clinical diagnosis and treatment experience, and provide a reference for clinical colleagues.

Apoptosis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells Induced by Microwave via p53 and Proapoptotic Proteins In vivo.

BACKGROUND: Microwave therapy is a minimal invasive procedure and has been employed in clinical practice for the treatment of various types of cancers. However, its therapeutic application in non-small-cell lung cancer and the underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate its effect on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor in vivo. METHODS: Fifty LLC tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice were adopted to assess the effect of microwave radiation on the growth and apoptosis of LLC tumor in vivo. These mice were randomly assigned to 10 groups with 5 mice in each group. Five groups were treated by single pulse microwave at different doses for different time, and the other five groups were radiated by multiple-pulse treatment of a single dose. Apoptosis of cancer cells was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of proteins. RESULTS: Single pulse of microwave radiation for 5 min had little effect on the mice. Only 15-min microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm2 significantly increased the mice body temperature (2.20 ± 0.82)°C as compared with the other groups (0.78 ± 0.29 °C, 1.24 ± 0.52 °C, 0.78 ± 0.42 °C, respectively), but it did not affect the apoptosis of LLC tumor cells significantly. Continous microwave radiation exposure, single dose microwave radiation once per day for up to seven days, inhibited cell division and induced apoptosis of LLC tumor cells in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. It upregulated the protein levels of p53, Caspase 3, Bax and downregulated Bcl-2 protein. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple exposures of LLC-bearing mice to microwave radiation effectively induced tumor cell apoptosis at least partly by upregulating proapoptotic proteins and downregulating antiapoptotic proteins. Continuous radiation at low microwave intensity for a short time per day is promising in treating non-small-cell lung cancer.

Flexible bronchoscopy-induced massive bleeding: A 12-year multicentre retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although massive bleeding is the most life-threatening complication caused by flexible bronchoscopy, data on flexible bronchoscopy-induced massive bleeding are scarce, and the associated clinical characteristics and prognostic factors are unknown. METHODS: This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy in 33 tertiary hospitals from January 2001 to June 2013. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were collected and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 194 patients with massive bleeding were identified among 520 343 patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy. The average blood loss reached up to 378 mL. The overall incidence and mortality were 0.037% and 0.004%, respectively, and the overall fatality was 10.8%. The risk of massive bleeding induced by therapeutic bronchoscopies was significantly higher than that induced by diagnostic bronchoscopies (incidence: 0.059% vs 0.031%, P < 0.001; mortality: 0.012% vs 0.003%, P < 0.001; fatality: 20% vs 8.4%, P = 0.068). Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years, tracheal bleeding, blood loss ≥500 mL and occurrence of shock were independent factors predicting poor outcome, while emergency surgery was an independent protective factor. Re-bleeding occurred in six patients, resulting in three deaths within a month. CONCLUSION: Flexible bronchoscopy-induced massive bleeding is rare but life-threatening. Age, bleeding location, bleeding volume, circulation condition and emergency surgery were independent prognostic factors.

Temporary placement of metallic stent could lead to long-term benefits for benign tracheobronchial stenosis.

BACKGROUND: The permanent placement of metallic stent for benign tracheobronchial stenosis (BTS) was controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term outcomes of temporary placement of metallic stent for BTS. METHODS: The BTS patients who received temporary placement of retrievable self-expanded metallic stents were included between 2008 and 2011. Pre-stenting and follow-up respiratory status was analyzed. And symptom recurrence-free survival (SRFS) was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 49 stents were successfully temporarily placed in 40 consecutive BTS patients whose etiologies included endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) (n=22), post-tracheostomy stenosis (n=10), post-intubation stenosis (n=6) and post radiotherapy stricture (n=2). All stents were removed integrally after a median 18 days' stenting period, without major complications. During the median 27 months follow-up period after stent removal, a total of 22 patients were free of recurrence. And the overall 3-year SRFS rate was 52.0%. According to the etiology, the 3-year SRFS rates were 59.1% and 42.9% in the patients with EBTB and non-EBTB, respectively. Compared with pre-stenting, the follow-up internal diameter of stricture, Hugh-Jones scale, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) were significantly improved. Multivariate analysis suggested that granulation tissue growth and tracheobronchial malacia might be independent factors of poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary placement of retrievable metallic stent may be an alternative treatment for BTS patients.

A clinical study of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: findings from a large Chinese cohort.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is an uncommon disease of the tracheobronchial system that leads to narrowing of the airway lumen from cartilaginous and/or osseous submucosal nodules. The aim of this study is to perform a detailed review of this rare disease in a large cohort of patients with TO proven by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from China. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed on 41,600 patients who underwent bronchoscopy in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Changhai Hospital between January 2005 and December 2012. Cases of TO were identified based on characteristic features during bronchoscopic examination. RESULTS: 22 cases of bronchoscopic TO were identified. Among whom one-half were male and the mean age was 47.45±10.91 years old. The most frequent symptoms at presentation were chronic cough (n = 14) and increased sputum production (n = 10). Radiographic abnormalities were observed in 3/18 patients and findings on computed tomography consistent with TO such as beaded intraluminal calcifications and/or increased luminal thickenings were observed in 18/22 patients. Patients were classified into the following categories based on the severity of bronchoscopic findings: Stage I (n = 2), Stage II (n = 6) and Stage III (n = 14). The result that bronchoscopic improvement was observed in 2 patients administered with inhaled corticosteroids suggested that resolution of this disease is possible. CONCLUSIONS: TO is a benign disease with slow progression, which could be roughly divided into 3 stages on the basis of the characteristic endoscopic features and histopathologic findings. Chronic inflammation was thought to be more important than the other existing plausible hypotheses in the course of TO. Inhaled corticosteroids might have some impact on patients at Stage I/II.

In vitro study of safety and co-efficiency of the transbronchial coagulation techniques.

BACKGROUND: The usual transbronchial coagulation techniques include microwave, argon plasma coagulation (APC), electrocautery and cryotherapy. However, there are serious clinical problems in the safety of each. By analyzing the experimental data and clinical observations, we observed the variable effects of different coagulation techniques via bronchofibroscopy, to look for an optimal interventional management of luminal bronchus diseases, and evaluate the safety and the equivalent point. METHODS: Four kinds of coagulation techniques under bronchoscopy were performed on the fresh bronchus of healthy sheep, and the pathologic changes in all groups were observed under the microscope. The different treatment parameters were as follows: microwave 60 W×1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds and 40 W×1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds; APC 40 W×1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds; electrocautery 40 W×1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds; cryotherapy 100 Ω×60 seconds, 120 seconds. RESULTS: After treatment, ovine bronchial mucosa in all groups showed pathologic changes such as local necrosis and amotio of the mucosa lining epithelium, local submucosa coagulative necrosis or tissue defects, while inflammation in the surrounding tissue was not obvious. Under the same output power and action time, different methods had different outcomes. The damage by APC was the most superficial, microwave was the second, and electrocautery caused the worst damage. The study also found that effects of electrocautery at 40 W×3 seconds, microwave at 40 W×5 seconds or 60 W×3 seconds, APC at 40 W×5 seconds and cryotherapy at 100 Ω×120 seconds were the equivalent point conditions. The appearance included mucosa absence, partial submucosa absence, and collagen fiber coagulation in treatment areas. CONCLUSIONS: Each coagulation technique has its own characteristic. It is very important to choose the appropriate power and action time of the suitable method according to the therapy requirement.

Removal of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in adults using a flexible bronchoscope: experience with 200 cases in China.

OBJECTIVE: Tracheobronchial foreign bodies (FBs) are frequently present in adults. This study reports our experience with the managements of FB and FB-related complications using flexible bronchoscopy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the adult patients with FBs treated between 2001 and 2011 in China. The demographic and endoscopic data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 200 adult patients (136 men and 64 women) with an average age of 51 years were analyzed. The most common FBs included bones (51.0%), nut shells (15.0%), food boluses (7.0%), plastic toys or pen caps (6.5%). After FB aspiration occurred, only 11.0% were diagnosed within three days, while more than half of the patients (58.0%) delayed the diagnosis by more than one month. The incidence of FB-related complications was 79.5%, including granulation formation (76.5%), obstructive pneumonia (22.0%), hemorrhage (14.5%), atelectasis (10.0%) and endobronchial stenotic scarring (8.0%). In 96.5% of the patients, the FBs were successfully removed under flexible bronchoscopy. A total of 53 out of the 153 patients with granulation (34.6%) were managed by argon plasma coagulation (APC) or cryotherapy; two out of the sixteen patients with endobronchial stenotic scars were treated by balloon dilation under flexible bronchoscopy. CONCLUSION: A high incidence of FB-related complications occurs, likely as a result of the long delay between aspiration and diagnosis, a proportion of which require endoscopic intervention. The removal of FBs under flexible bronchoscopy has a high success rate and therefore should be recommended for adults.

[Therapeutic efficacy analysis of bronchoscopic interventional therapy on severe tuberculous main bronchial stenosis complicated with unilateral atelectasis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of bronchoscopic interventional therapy on severe tuberculous main bronchial stenosis or atresia complicated with unilateral atelectasis. METHODS: Ninety patients with severe tuberculous main bronchial stenosis or atresia complicated with unilateral atelectasis, who had received bronchoscopic interventional therapy, were divided into group A and B according to whether stents had been implanted or not. Patients in group A had been treated with electrocautery, balloon dilatation and cryotherapy. Group B had been treated with metallic stent implantation on the basis of the above interventional management. In order to observe the effectiveness, the time needed for taking effect and restenosis rate were noted. The efficacy between patients with different disease courses, radiology, bronchoscopy and dyspnea index were evaluated before treatment and after the patients' conditions were stable. RESULTS: Three months after treatment, the good response rate and the total effective rate of group B were higher than those of group A, 97% vs 42% (χ(2) = 29.595, P < 0.05), 100% vs 81% (χ(2) = 6.060, P < 0.05), respectively. The time needed for taking effect in group B was significantly shorter than that in group A, 0.25 month vs 1.6 month. The dyspnea indexes of both groups were significantly improved after treatment, but the improvement of group B was more significant than that of group A (u = -2.478, P < 0.05). The disease course of patients with different therapeutic efficacy was evaluated, and the median disease course was 2 months in good response efficacy patients, 3.5 months in improved patients, and 5 months in ineffective patients; the difference being significant between ineffective and good response efficacy patients (u = -3.079, P < 0.01). The restenosis rate of group B was significantly higher than that of group A, 72% vs 32% (χ(2) = 9.090, P < 0.01). The median restenosis time was 4 months in group A, and 6 months in group B. Bronchoscopy follow-up 12 months after the initial effective treatment showed that the good response rate and the total effective rate of group B were better than those of group A, 60% vs 29% (χ(2) = 10.559, P < 0.01), 88% vs 60% (χ(2) = 10.261, P < 0.01, respectively), and the total effective rate of main bronchial atresia patients in group B was significantly higher than that in group A, 90% vs 50% (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in effectiveness between severe stenosis and atresia patients in group A and B. CONCLUSION: Electrocautery, balloon dilatation, cryotherapy and stent implantation were effective methods to treat severe tuberculous main bronchial stenosis or atresia complicated with unilateral atelectasis. Among them, the therapeutic efficacy was better and the symptoms improved more quickly in patients with stent implantation. The efficacy of stent implantation was better than that of conventional interventional therapy, but the incidence of restenosis was also higher. Following-up should be emphasized in this group of patients. Disease courses were associated with the therapeutic efficacy; longer disease course was related to worse therapeutic efficacy, and restenosis occurred earlier. So interventional therapy should be initiated earlier for bronchial tuberculosis with dyspnea, especially for that complicated by atelectasis.

Mid-scale free-flow electrophoresis with gravity-induced uniform flow of background buffer in chamber for the separation of cells and proteins.

A large-scale free-flow electrophoresis (LS-FFE) is often too large for cell separation of lab scale, whereas micro-FFE (µFFE) has great difficulty in cell isolation due to easy blockage by cell accumulation in µFFE. In this study, a mid-scale FFE (MS-FFE) is developed for cell and protein separations. The volume of the separation chamber (70×40×0.1-0.8 mm) is from 280 µL to 2.24 mL, much lower than that in an LS-FFE but higher than that in a µFFE. Gravity is used for uniform flow of the background buffer only via a single pump with 16 channels and the sample is injected via an adjuster originally used for clinical intravenous injection. The experiments reveal that the hydrodynamic and electrohydrodynamic flows are much stable, and the Joule heat can be effectively dispersed without obvious positive or negative deviation as shown by the omega plots. By the device, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which easily accumulate to block µFFE and are separated with difficulty due to their same negative charges carried, can be well isolated under the conditions of 4.5 mM pH 8.5 Tris-boric buffer (4.5 mM Tris, 4.5 mM boric acid) with 0.10 mM ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and 5% m/v sucrose, 200 µL/min, 800 V, and sample injection via inlet 4. The mid-scale FFE device could also be used for the separation of three model proteins of horse heart cytochrome c, myoglobin and bovine serum albumin. The device has clear significance for mid-scale separation of cells and proteins.

Removal of glomus tumor in the lower tracheal segment with a flexible bronchoscope: report of two cases.

Tracheal glomus tumor is an extremely rare neoplasm resected mostly by open surgery or through rigid bronchoscopy. We report two cases presenting with polypoid masses arising from the tracheal membrane in the posterior wall of the lower tracheal segment. The tumor was removed by high-frequency electrocautery and flexible bronchoscopic argon-plasma coagulation, and follow-up bronchoscopy and chest CT did not reveal tumor recurrence 12 months after the operation. In patients with tracheal glomus tumor who have poor surgical tolerance or are not willing to receive an open surgery, flexible bronchoscopic tumor removal can be a good alternative to relieve the airway obstruction symptoms.

Controlling of band width, resolution and sample loading by injection system in a simple preparative free-flow electrophoresis with gratis gravity.

In this paper, the controllable band width, resolution and sample loading were investigated by the injection system of free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) with gratis gravity. Two general injection methods were described herein. The first method was the one in which sample injection fluxes were variable with constant background flux, while the second was the one in which the background fluxes were flexible with stable sample flux. With methyl green and crystal violet as two viewable model compounds, a series of experiments were performed, and the experimental results revealed that (1) the sample band width could be under desiring control through the regulation of ratios between sample and background fluxes, (2) the separative resolution could be also adjusted elaborately via the regulation of flux ratios during the separation of methyl green and crystal violet with only one charge disparity, and (3) the sample loading could be conveniently controlled via the flux ratios and an approximate maximum sample loading could be selected under the condition of just completed separation of two adjoining solutes. In addition, it was observed that the flux ratio had soft influence on the separative resolution of two solutes. These results were of significance to the designs on band width, resolution and sample loading in the newly developed FFE device with gratis gravity.

A simple preparative free-flow electrophoresis joined with gratis gravity: I. Gas cushion injector and self-balance collector instead of multiple channel pump.

This paper describes a novel free-flow electrophoresis (FFE), which is joined with gratis gravity, gas cushion injector (GCI) and self-balance collector instead of multiple channel pump, for the purpose of preparative purification. The FFE was evaluated by systemic experiments. The results manifest that (i) even though one-channel peristaltic pump is used for the driving of background buffer, there is still stable flow in the FFE chamber; (ii) the stable flow is induced by the gravity-induced pressure due to the difference of buffer surfaces in the GCI and self-balance collector; (iii) the pulse flow of background buffer induced by the peristaltic pump is greatly reduced by the GCI with good compressibility of included air; (iv) the FFE can be well used for zone electrophoretic separation of amino acids; (v) up to 20 inlets simultaneous sample injection and up to five to tenfold condensation of amino acid can be achieved by combining the FFE device with the method of moving reaction boundary. To the best of authors' knowledge, FFE has not been used for such separation and condensation of amino acids. The relevant results achieved in the paper have evident significance for the development of preparative FFE.

[Investigation and analysis on Wenchuan area earthquake trauma to ear, nose and throat].

OBJECTIVE: The epidemic data of Wenchuan area earthquake trauma of ear, nose and throat were investigated. METHODS: Affected families and sufferers of part of disaster area in Sichuan province in 2008 were investigated with emphasis on severity, cause and treatment of otorhinolaryngologic trauma. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-seven cases of otorhinolaryngologic trauma in survival crowd 3 days after earthquake were included in this study. Most of them were minor trauma or complex lesion. There were 185 cases of soft tissue wound in head and face, 13 cases of fracture of the nose, 18 cases of hemorrhage of the nose, 7 cases of fracture of the skull base, 4 cases of lacerated wound of the auricle. Diagnosis and management were carried out by medical aid post and field ambulance on different condition. The methods of treatment included debridement and suture of soft tissue wound and positioning of fracture. If there was serious injury and accompanied complex lesion, the patients should be sent to hospital after emergent treatment. Forty-six cases were treated in medical aid post, except 3 cases of complex lesion by transportation, 43 cases recovered in 5 to 10 days after treatment. One hundred and eighty-one cases were treated in field ambulance, except 3 cases with fracture of skull base by transportation. Among 31 hospitalized patients, 26 recovered and were discharged before 26th of may, 5 were still in ward because of complex lesion. Among 147 cases treated out of wards with soft tissue wound, 146 cases recovered and bone fracture in rehabilitation. 1 case of lacerated wound of auricle was infected with delayed healing. There were no complication in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: For earthquake trauma of the ear, nose and throat, emergent management are debridement, suture and positioning of fracture. For seriously injured patient, transportation to hospital in time can decrease complications and death rate.