RESUMO
Introducción: Los hogares han incorporado masivamente el consumo de bebidas ácidas. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar en alumnos de un jardín de infantes el patrón de consumo de bebidas de uso frecuente y el estado dentario. Material y métodos: Sobre un total de 53 alumnos de una jardín público, 21 hombres y 32 mujerescon una edad promedio de 3,86(ñ 0.98DS), se realizó una encuesta a los padres de carácter anónimo, referida a salud general, medidas preventivas educativas y consumo de bebidas. Sobre una muestra de 26 alumnos seleccionados aleatoriamente se realizó examen dentario y se confeccionó ceod, ceos, pérdida de tejido dentario, según Smith y Knight (1984). Se realizó distribución de la frecuencia de las variables de la encuesta; media y ES de los indicadores dentarios y correlación de las variables. Resultados: La distribución de frecuencia mostró: recibe medicamentos 9 por ciento, presenta antecedentes de alergia 28 por ciento, tiene asma 6 por ciento. Los momentos de azúcar x fue de 4,76 ñ 0,219 El 19 por ciento recibe aplicación tópica de fluoruros, 73 por ciento usa pastas fluoradas. El 41 por ciento se cepilla 2 veces por día; .Las bebidas preferidas resultaron los jugos, 89 por ciento. El 69 por ciento gaseosas, 28 por ciento bebidas deportivas y un 19 por ciento bebidas a base de soja. El consumo antes de dormir era de un 40 por ciento, y el 11 por ciento usaba mamadera. El ceod fue de 3.38 ñ0,779, con un componente cd de 2,961ñ0,665 y el ceos de 5 ñ 1,708, con un cs de 3,84ñ1,05. El 81 por ciento presentó pérdida de tejido dentario, principalmente o/y Bucal. Conclusión: La escasa aplicación de medidas preventivas, los patrones de consumo de bebidas en edades tempranas y el incremento de las erosiones hace necesario implementar acciones de educación para la salud en las escuelas. (AU) F
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Pré-Escolar , Bebidas , Erosão DentáriaRESUMO
Signalling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) coordinates basic cellular processes during development and in adulthood. Whereas aberrant RTK signalling can lead to cancer, reactivation of RTKs is often found following stress or cell damage. This has led to the common belief that RTKs can counteract degenerative processes and so strategies to exploit them for therapy have been extensively explored. An understanding of how RTK stimuli act at cellular levels is needed, however, to evaluate their mechanism of therapeutic action. In this study, we genetically explored the biological and functional significance of enhanced signalling by the Met RTK in neurons, in the context of a neurodegenerative disease. Conditional met-transgenic mice, namely Rosa26(LacZ-stop-Met), have been engineered to trigger increased Met signalling in a temporal and tissue-specific regulated manner. Enhancing Met levels in neurons does not affect either motor neuron (MN) development or maintenance. In contrast, increased neuronal Met in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice prolongs life span, retards MN loss, and ameliorates motor performance, by selectively delaying disease onset. Thus, our studies highlight the properties of RTKs to counteract toxic signals in a disease characterized by dysfunction of multiple cell types by acting in MNs. Moreover, they emphasize the relevance of genetically assessing the effectiveness of agents targeting neurons during ALS evolution.
Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/metabolismo , Neurônios Motores/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/genética , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/patologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neurônios Motores/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/genéticaRESUMO
Signaling peptides of the extracellular environment regulate cell biological processes underlying embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and pathophysiology. The heparan sulphate proteoglycans, glypicans, have evolved as essential modulators of key regulatory proteins such as Wnt, Bmp, Fgf, and Shh. By acting on signal spreading and receptor activation, glypicans can control signal read-out and fate in targeted cells. Genetic and embryological studies have highlighted that glypicans act in a temporal and spatially regulated manner to modulate distinct cellular events. However, alterations of glypican function underlie human congenital malformations and cancer. Recent reports are starting to reveal their mechanism of action and how they can ensure tight modulation of cell signaling.
Assuntos
Glipicanas/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/fisiologia , Modelos Moleculares , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Arritmias Cardíacas/genética , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Gigantismo/genética , Glipicanas/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Mutação/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Oncogenes/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the erosive capacity of different common drinks employing intrinsic pH, soluble solids and buffer effect at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 as end-points. Fifty- two drinks of mass consumption were selected and grouped according to type into 3 groups: 1: Juices (n = 23); 2: soy beverages (n = 18); 3: carbonated drinks (n = 11). The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each drink and for each group of drinks. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < or = 0.05. The data showed that the 3 groups exhibited initial acid pH values. Natural juices had the greatest buffer effect. The soluble solids, expressed as Brix Grades, showed statistically significant differences between the regular and light forms of carbonated and soy beverages. The light and regular forms of the drinks included in the study failed to show statistically significant differences at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0.
Assuntos
Bebidas/análise , Análise de Variância , Soluções Tampão , Bebidas Gaseificadas/análise , Frutas/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Solubilidade , Leite de Soja/química , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Sacarose/análiseRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the erosive capacity of different common drinks employing intrinsic pH, soluble solids and buffer effect at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 as end-points. Fifty- two drinks of mass consumption were selected and grouped according to type into 3 groups: 1: Juices (n = 23); 2: soy beverages (n = 18); 3: carbonated drinks (n = 11). The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each drink and for each group of drinks. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < or = 0.05. The data showed that the 3 groups exhibited initial acid pH values. Natural juices had the greatest buffer effect. The soluble solids, expressed as Brix Grades, showed statistically significant differences between the regular and light forms of carbonated and soy beverages. The light and regular forms of the drinks included in the study failed to show statistically significant differences at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0.
RESUMO
The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the erosive capacity of different common drinks employing intrinsic pH, soluble solids and buffer effect at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 as end-points. Fifty- two drinks of mass consumption were selected and grouped according to type into 3 groups: 1: Juices (n = 23); 2: soy beverages (n = 18); 3: carbonated drinks (n = 11). The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each drink and for each group of drinks. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < or = 0.05. The data showed that the 3 groups exhibited initial acid pH values. Natural juices had the greatest buffer effect. The soluble solids, expressed as Brix Grades, showed statistically significant differences between the regular and light forms of carbonated and soy beverages. The light and regular forms of the drinks included in the study failed to show statistically significant differences at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0.
RESUMO
To examine the potential role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling during cell differentiation, we used conditionally immortalised podocyte cells isolated from kidneys of Fgf2 mutant and wild-type mice. Wild-type mouse podocyte cells upregulate FGF2 expression when differentiating in culture, as do maturing podocytes in vivo. Differentiating wild-type mouse podocyte cells undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition, reorganise their actin cytoskeleton and extend actin-based cellular processes; all of these activities are similar to the activity of podocytes in vivo. Molecular analysis of Fgf2 mutant mouse podocyte cells reveals a general disruption of FGF signalling as expression of Fgf7 and Fgf10 are also downregulated. These FGF mutant mouse podocyte cells in culture fail to activate mesenchymal markers and their post-mitotic differentiation is blocked. Furthermore, mutant mouse podocyte cells in culture fail to reorganise their actin cytoskeleton and form actin-based cellular processes. These studies show that FGF signalling is required by cultured podocytes to undergo the epithelial to mesenchymal-like changes necessary for terminal differentiation. Together with other studies, these results point to a general role for FGF signalling in regulating cell differentiation and formation of actin-based cellular processes during morphogenesis.
Assuntos
Actinas/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Mesoderma/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Transformada/citologia , Linhagem Celular Transformada/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Glomérulos Renais/citologia , Mesoderma/citologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Mutantes/genética , Camundongos Mutantes/metabolismo , Morfogênese/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
The human teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor (TDGF)-1 gene encodes a 188-amino acid protein, cripto-1. The TDGF-1 gene is overexpressed in the majority of human primary colorectal carcinomas and hepatic metastases, in breast carcinomas and in testicular nonseminoma germ cell embryonal carcinomas. In the human embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1, a 2-kb TDGF-1 mRNA transcript is expressed. The present study shows that a 1.7-kb mRNA transcript lacking the first two exons of the TDGF-1 gene is expressed in the human colon carcinoma cell line GEO. This shorter mRNA is the only TDGF-1 transcript that is present in the majority of primary human colorectal carcinomas and hepatic metastases and in adult human tissues such as the pancreas, heart, stomach, mammary gland, skeletal muscle, liver and placenta. In contrast, in the kidney, brain, testis, ovary and spleen, the longer 2-kb TDGF-1 mRNA transcript is expressed. The putative shorter protein starts at a CUG codon 129 nucleotides downstream of the starting AUG codon of the longer protein. These data indicate the potential for differential transcriptional regulation of the TDGF-1 gene in different normal and tumor tissues.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Transcrição Gênica , Células 3T3 , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/química , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Primers do DNA , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI , Biblioteca Gênica , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/química , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The human teratocarcinoma derived growth factor 1 (TDGF1) gene maps on chromosome (Chr) 3p21.3. One pseudogene (TDGF3) maps on Chr Xq21-->q22. We now report the nucleotide sequence and chromosome location of three additional TDGF pseudogenes. The three new sequences (TDGF2, TDGF4 and TDGF5) are truncated at the 5' end and have accumulated several point mutations, deletions and insertions. TDGF2, TDGF4 and TDGF6 map on Chrs 2q37, 6p25 and 3q22, respectively. Finally, Southern blot analysis of DNA from normal individuals shows a highly variable restriction pattern of the TDGF sequences.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos/genética , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Mapeamento Físico do Cromossomo , Pseudogenes/genética , Elementos Alu/genética , Sequência de Bases , Southern Blotting , Cromossomos Artificiais de Levedura/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 3/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 6/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Éxons/genética , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI , Humanos , Células Híbridas , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Íntrons/genética , Mutação , Moldes GenéticosRESUMO
Formin was originally isolated as the gene affected by the murine limb deformity (ld) mutations, which disrupt the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulating patterning of the vertebrate limb autopod. More recently, a rapidly growing number of genes with similarity to formin have been isolated from many different species including fungi and plants. Genetic and biochemical analysis shows that formin family members function in cellular processes regulating either cytokinesis and/or cell polarisation. Another common feature among formin family members is their requirement in morphogenetic processes such as budding and conjugation of yeast, establishment of Drosophila oocyte polarity and vertebrate limb pattern formation. Vertebrate formins are predominantly nuclear proteins which control polarising activity in limb buds through establishment of the SHH/FGF-4 feedback loop. Formin acts in the limb bud mesenchyme to induce apical ectodermal ridge (AER) differentiation and FGF-4 expression in the posterior AER compartment. Finally, disruption of the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions controlling induction of metanephric kidneys in ld mutant embryos indicates that formin might function more generally in transduction of morphogenetic signals during embryonic pattern formation.
Assuntos
Padronização Corporal/genética , Extremidades/embriologia , Proteínas Fetais/genética , Deformidades Congênitas dos Membros/genética , Morfogênese/genética , Família Multigênica , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Evolução Molecular , Proteínas Fetais/química , Proteínas Fetais/fisiologia , Forminas , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Nucleares/química , Proteínas Nucleares/fisiologia , Filogenia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been implicated in various signaling processes which control embryonic growth and differentiation, adult physiology and pathology. To analyze the in vivo functions of this signaling molecule, the FGF-2 gene was inactivated by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. FGF-2-deficient mice are viable, but display cerebral cortex defects at birth. Bromodeoxyuridine pulse labeling of embryos showed that proliferation of neuronal progenitors is normal, whereas a fraction of them fail to colonize their target layers in the cerebral cortex. A corresponding reduction in parvalbumin-positive neurons is observed in adult cortical layers. Neuronal defects are not limited to the cerebral cortex, as ectopic parvalbumin-positive neurons are present in the hippocampal commissure and neuronal deficiencies are observed in the cervical spinal cord. Physiological studies showed that FGF-2-deficient adult mice are hypotensive. They respond normally to angiotensin II-induced hypertension, whereas neural regulation of blood pressure by the baroreceptor reflex is impaired. The present genetic study establishes that FGF-2 participates in controlling fates, migration and differentiation of neuronal cells, whereas it is not essential for their proliferation. The observed autonomic dysfunction in FGF-2-deficient adult mice uncovers more general roles in neural development and function.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/genética , Córtex Cerebral/embriologia , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/deficiência , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Animais , Barorreflexo/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/fisiologia , Homozigoto , Hipotensão/embriologia , Hipotensão/genética , Hipotensão/fisiopatologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Camundongos Knockout , Neurônios/patologiaRESUMO
Nuclear translocation has been documented for members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family in addition to their roles as extra-cellular signalling molecules. Fusing different parts of the chicken FGF-2 open reading frame to pyruvate kinase shows that direct nuclear accumulation is mediated by the amino-termini of the two leucine initiated FGF-2 isoforms (Leu-isoforms; 21.5 and 20.0 kDa). An evolutionarily conserved glycine-arginine (GR)-motif is present in the 21.5 kDa Leu-isoform and a shorter GR-repeat in the 20.0 kDa Leu-isoform, whereas no such repeats are present in the 18.5 kDa FGF-2 isoform (Met-isoform). Expression in NIH3T3 fibroblasts shows that the 21.5 kDa Leu-isoform is predominantly nuclear, whereas the Met-isoform is predominantly cytoplasmic. Most importantly, insertion of the GR-motif into the Met-isoform results in a protein with characteristics similar to the Leu-isoforms, as shown by nuclear accumulation of the chimeric MGR-protein. Furthermore, only NIH3T3 fibroblasts expressing the Met-isoform proliferate under serum starvation conditions, whereas cells expressing either the MGR- or Leu-isoforms stay growth arrested. These studies show that the GR-signal mediates nuclear translocation of endogenous Leu-isoforms and blocks their mitogenic activity.
Assuntos
Arginina/metabolismo , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Glicina/metabolismo , Mitógenos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Células 3T3 , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Arginina/genética , Divisão Celular , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Galinhas , Sequência Conservada , Meios de Cultura Livres de Soro , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Glicina/genética , Humanos , Isomerismo , Leucina , Metionina , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
Cripto protein is a member of the "EGF family" of growth factors present in colon tumors and in human and mouse undifferentiated teratocarcinoma cells. During gastrulation in the mouse, cripto-encoding transcripts are expressed in the forming mesoderm and later in the truncus arteriosus of the developing heart. As a necessary step prior to investigating the in vivo role of cripto through gene disruption, we have isolated all the genomic cripto-related sequences in the mouse. One gene (Tdgf1) and two pseudogenes (Tdgf2 and Tdgf3) have been isolated and characterized. The mouse Tdgf1 (coding for cripto), like the human gene, is divided into six exons. Comparison of the human and mouse genomic sequences reveals that mouse exons 1 and 3 are shorter than the corresponding human exons. The pseudogene Tdgf2 corresponds to about 1 kb of the mRNA and contains five base substitutions in the coding region that represent both silent and replacement substitutions. The pseudogene Tdgf3 corresponds only to the coding portion of Tdgf. Many mutations have been introduced in this pseudogene, suggesting its early origin. Alignments of the Tdgf3, human and mouse mRNA sequences, shows that this pseudogene has retained the 33 nucleotides of the human exon 3 that are missed in the Tdgf1 gene. Taken together, these data suggest that Tdgf3 is derived from an ancestral gene and that the human and mouse genes are probably evolving separately.
Assuntos
Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico , Genes , Substâncias de Crescimento/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Camundongos/genética , Família Multigênica , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Pseudogenes , Células 3T3 , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Evolução Molecular , Éxons/genética , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Retroelementos/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
An antibody raised against the recombinant Xenopus laevis Hoxb-7 protein (López and Carrasco [1992] Mech. Dev. 36:153-164) recognizes the 30 kDa translation product of the Hoxb-7 gene in X. laevis and the cognate nuclear protein in chicken embryos. The X. laevis Hoxb-7 protein was expressed maternally and zygotically. Treatment of X. laevis and chicken embryos with either all-trans retinoic acid (RA) or the retinoid antagonist Ro 41-5253 (Ro; Apfel et al. [1992] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:7129-7133) during early development induced malformations of the neural tube and complementary changes in the expression domain of the homeoprotein Hoxb-7. Treatment of X. laevis embryos with retinoic acid during gastrulation induced an anterior shift of the Hoxb-7 expression domain and was correlated with an enlargement of rhombomere r7. In addition to a reduction in rhombomere numbers and of forebrain size, various malformations involving all three germ layers were observed. Treatment of X. laevis embryos with the antagonist Ro before or during gastrulation caused a progressive reduction of the Hoxb-7 domain and also dose-dependent malformations of all three germ layers. RA or Ro treatment of chicken embryos from the beginning of gastrulation caused changes of the Hoxb-7 expression domain very similar to those observed in X. laevis. In particular, either a dose-dependent loss of the Hoxb-7 protein in the neural tube or an ectopic expression in the forebrain region was observed. The results of this study indicate that endogenous retinoids regulate the spatial expression of homeobox-containing genes in vertebrates.
Assuntos
Benzoatos/farmacologia , Cromanos/farmacologia , Embrião não Mamífero/fisiologia , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/fisiologia , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Antígenos CD57/metabolismo , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Central/embriologia , Embrião de Galinha , Embrião não Mamífero/química , Epitopos/metabolismo , Extremidades/embriologia , Gânglios/efeitos dos fármacos , Gânglios/embriologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/imunologia , Botões de Extremidades/fisiologia , Morfogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Crista Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Oócitos/fisiologia , Retinoides/farmacologia , Tretinoína/antagonistas & inibidores , Vertebrados , Xenopus laevisRESUMO
The CRIPTO gene encodes a novel human growth factor structurally related to epidermal growth factor. We localized the CRIPTO gene to chromosome 3p21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization with a cosmid clone containing 40 kb of the CRIPTO genomic region (TDGF-1). To suppress hybridization to CRIPTO-related sequences, present in multiple copies in the human genome, hybridization was carried out in the presence of unlabeled CRIPTO cDNA in excess over the probe. Our finding confirms the provisional mapping of the CRIPTO gene to chromosome 3, and assigns it precisely to a chromosomal region involved in several rearrangements occurring in malignancy.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 3 , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Clonagem Molecular , Cosmídeos/genética , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , MetáfaseRESUMO
The expression and distribution of the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2 or bFGF) proteins during early avian embryogenesis has been analysed in detail. Three FGF-2 protein isoforms of 18.5, 20.0 and 21.5 kDa are expressed during gastrulation of chicken embryos. Using whole mount immunohistochemistry, these proteins were found to be predominantly nuclear in prestreak blastodiscs during mesoderm induction. Distribution of positive cells in the epiblast was mosaic, whereas all cells of the forming hypoblast expressed the FGF-2 proteins. During primitive streak formation, the proteins started to translocate to the cytoplasm in epiblast cells but remained nuclear in the hypoblast. The FGF-2 proteins became predominantly cytoplasmic in all cells during the subsequent developmental stages. Their highest levels were detected in endodermal cells underlying Hensen's node and the newly formed notochord, the dorsal apex of all epiblast cells and, most interestingly, in the extra-cellular basal lamina separating the epiblast from newly formed mesoderm. Heparin and suramin treatment of these advanced embryos (stage 4) revealed a dose-dependent inhibition on the regression of Hensen's node and formation of mesodermal derivatives such as somites. The results are discussed with respect to current models on FGF-mediated functions during vertebrate mesoderm induction and regionalization.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Gástrula/metabolismo , Animais , Transporte Biológico/fisiologia , Embrião de Galinha , Heparina/farmacologia , Mesoderma/metabolismo , Notocorda/metabolismo , Suramina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Analysis of the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2 or bFGF) proteins during chicken embryonic pattern formation and organogenesis revealed that three isoforms (18.5, 20.0, and 21.5 kDa) were synthesized by alternative translation initiation from one coding region. A highly specific antiserum was raised and used for studying the temporal and spatial distribution of the FGF-2 isoforms during chicken embryogenesis. The distribution of FGF-2 proteins during limb pattern formation has been unraveled. Their presence in both ectodermal and mesenchymal cells is consistent with an involvement in regulating the balance of growth and differentiation. High levels of FGF-2 proteins were furthermore detected in all epithelial cells of the developing kidney from the pronephric stage onward. The proteins were in general predominantly cytoplasmic, but a specific subpopulation of limb mesenchymal cells and kidney epithelial cells (podocytes) showed a striking nuclear localization. Nuclear translocation of the FGF-2 proteins occurred in differentiating podocytes of meso- and metanephric glomeruli and was maintained in adult kidneys. These results, in contrast to previous in vitro studies, revealed that nuclear accumulation of FGF-2 proteins is restricted to few specific cells during embryogenesis.
Assuntos
Extremidades/embriologia , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Rim/embriologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Transporte Biológico , Compartimento Celular , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Embrião de Galinha , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Expressão Gênica , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Morfogênese , Biossíntese de ProteínasRESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43% reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the % of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.
Assuntos
Fluoreto de Fosfato Acidulado/uso terapêutico , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Criança , Índice CPO , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Dentifrícios/química , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Serviços de Odontologia Escolar , Autocuidado , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Escovação Dentária , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43
reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the
of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.
RESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43
reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the
of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.