In-person and telemedicine course models for disaster preparedness: a comparative analysis.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the students' performance in face-to-face and telemedicine courses for the training and necessary action in disasters, using telemedicine as an effective training tool. METHODS: online research conducted after the end of the course of preparation in disasters, carried out in-person, as well as by videoconference. We compared the performance of students in the in-person course and through telemedicine. RESULTS: in the comparison of the results obtained with the pre- and post-test data between the students who attended via telemedicine and in-person, we observed that in the two modalities there was an increase in knowledge (p<0.001). We also observed no statistically significant differences in the posterior evaluation between the in-person and telemedicine courses (p=1.0), however, there was a significant difference at the pre-test evaluative moment (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: videoconferencing can be effectively used to train health professionals in disaster management, being able to provide adequate knowledge and become an important tool to distance reaching in continuing education.

Trauma Leagues-A Novel Option to Attract Medical Students to a Surgical Career.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, most medical schools do not offer trauma surgery in their undergraduate curriculum. The Trauma Leagues arose in Brazil as an important promoter of trauma education and stimulated activities related to surgical skills and practices. In recent decades, studies have demonstrated that the number of surgical residency applicants has decreased worldwide. Strategies to motivate medical students to choose surgery are needed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of participation in the Unicamp Trauma League (UTL) during a 20-year period in the choice for a surgical career. METHODS: The study included 276 students in a Brazilian university hospital who were part of the Trauma League. Research of records in universities and medical societies about the specialties chosen during residency were evaluated. A Likert questionnaire was sent to participants to evaluate the impact of participating in the Trauma League in the student's professional career. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 76% of the participants. Of those, 38.4% chose general surgery. About 55.1% did not know what medical career to choose when joined the league. Participation in the league had an influence on specialty choice in 79.1% of the students. Of those choosing surgery, 93.2% believed that participating in the league had positively influenced their career choice. Overall, 93.1% believed that participating in the league provided knowledge and information that the medical school curriculum was not able to provide. CONCLUSION: Participation in Trauma League has been an effective strategy to encourage medical students to choose a career in general surgery in Campinas, Brazil.

In-person and telemedicine course models for disaster preparedness: a comparative analysis / Modelo de curso presencial e via telemedicina para preparação em desastres: uma análise comparativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the students' performance in face-to-face and telemedicine courses for the training and necessary action in disasters, using telemedicine as an effective training tool. Methods: online research conducted after the end of the course of preparation in disasters, carried out in-person, as well as by videoconference. We compared the performance of students in the in-person course and through telemedicine. Results: in the comparison of the results obtained with the pre- and post-test data between the students who attended via telemedicine and in-person, we observed that in the two modalities there was an increase in knowledge (p<0.001). We also observed no statistically significant differences in the posterior evaluation between the in-person and telemedicine courses (p=1.0), however, there was a significant difference at the pre-test evaluative moment (p<0.001). Conclusion: videoconferencing can be effectively used to train health professionals in disaster management, being able to provide adequate knowledge and become an important tool to distance reaching in continuing education.

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar o desempenho dos alunos nos cursos presenciais e via telemedicina para a capacitação e atuação necessária em desastres, se valendo da telemedicina como uma ferramenta efetiva de treinamento. Métodos: pesquisa online realizada após o término do curso de preparação em desastres, realizado presencialmente, bem como, por videoconferência. Comparou-se o desempenho dos alunos do curso presencial e via telemedicina. Resultados: na comparação dos resultados obtidos com os dados pré e pós-teste entre os alunos que cursaram via telemedicina e presencialmente, observou-se que nas duas modalidades do curso houve aumento do conhecimento (p<0,001). Constatou-se ainda que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na avaliação posterior entre os cursos presenciais e via telemedicina (p=1,0), no entanto, houve diferença com significância no momento avaliativo pré-teste (p<0,001). Conclusão: as videoconferências podem ser utilizadas de forma efetiva para a capacitação de profissionais da área de saúde na gestão de desastres, sendo capaz de prover o conhecimento de forma adequada e ser ferramenta importante para alcance à distância em educação continuada.

Como se Sentem Pacientes Quando Examinados por Estudantes de Medicina? Um Misto entre Ambiguidades e Satisfações Encontradas em Estudo Qualitativo / How do Patients Feel when Examined by Medical Students? A Cross Between Ambiguities and Satisfaction Found in a Qualitative Study

No contexto do ensino médico, pacientes são habitualmente convidados a colaborar se submetendo ao exame clínico para serem observados. Como pacientes se sentem nessa situação? Para discutir significados psicológicos atribuídos a esta experiência, usamos o método clínico-qualitativo, conduzido com amostra intencional de dez pacientes de um hospital público de ensino, com entrevistas semidirigidas de questões abertas em profundidade. Os resultados foram interpretados segundo conceitos tradicionais da Psicologia Médica. Pacientes manifestam uma relação um tanto ambígua com os alunos, às vezes fortalecendo a relação médico-paciente-equipe, outras vezes a desconstruindo. A presença dos alunos é importante devido ao vínculo gerado, mas pode originar dúvidas sobre como lidar com situações mobilizadoras. As construções sociais são diferentes em um hospital de ensino em comparação com outros hospitais, visto que naqueles os pacientes têm um papel de agentes educadores. Pacientes podem perceber essa dinâmica, ainda que com pouca sistematização, ou não ter qualquer consciência social.

As part of medical training, patients are often invited to cooperate by allowing student observation of their medical examination. How do patients feel in this situation? To discuss the psychological meanings assigned to this experience we used the clinical-qualitative study method on an intentional sample of 10 patients from a teaching hospital, using in-depth semi-directed interviews. The results were interpreted according to concepts of Medical Psychology. We found that patients have an ambiguous relationship regarding the students. For example, the presence of students sometimes strengthens the doctor-patient-team relationship, but sometimes might undermine it. Student presence is important due to the bond generated, but students may act indecisively when dealing with certain situations. The social constructions within a teaching hospital differ to those in other hospitals, since in the former the patients also act as an educational agents. Some patients are aware of this dynamic albeit without it being systemized, whereas others display no such social awareness.

Importance of multidisciplinary trauma prevention program for youth.

OBJECTIVE: present the experience of the P.A.R.T.Y. program in Campinas, thereby changing the habits of young people. METHODS: The organizers visited the participating schools talking to the students, who are aged between 14-18 years. These students spent an afternoon at the Clinics Hospital of Unicamp, where, for four hours, they attended lectures of the organizers, partners and municipal sectors, and also visited the hospital, talking with trauma victims. Questionnaires were evaluated between 2010-2012, being applied before and after the project. RESULTS: 2,450 high school students attended the program. The mean age is 16 ± 0,99 years and 37.6% were male. 3.6% of males already drive while drunk versus 0.8% of women. Before the project 116 (11.3%) thought that drunk driving wasn't a risk, and only 37 (3.6%) knew the alcohol effects. After the project, 441 (43%) began to consider drunk driving a risk and 193 (18.8%) know the alcohol effects when driving. 956 (93.3%) considered that prevention projects have a huge impact on their formation. CONCLUSION: It's expected that the attendees will act as multipliers of information, conveying the message of prevention to their entire social circles resulting in reduction in the number of trauma events involving the young, in the long term.

Importance of multidisciplinary trauma prevention program for youth / Importância de programa multiprofissional de prevenção de trauma para jovens

OBJECTIVE: present the experience of the P.A.R.T.Y. program in Campinas, thereby changing the habits of young people. METHODS: The organizers visited the participating schools talking to the students, who are aged between 14-18 years. These students spent an afternoon at the Clinics Hospital of Unicamp, where, for four hours, they attended lectures of the organizers, partners and municipal sectors, and also visited the hospital, talking with trauma victims. Questionnaires were evaluated between2010-2012, being applied before and after the project. RESULTS: 2,450 high school students attended the program. The mean age is 16 ± 0,99 years and 37.6% were male. 3.6% of males already drive while drunk versus 0.8% of women. Before the project 116 (11.3%) thought that drunk driving wasn't a risk, and only 37 (3.6%) knew the alcohol effects. After the project, 441 (43%) began to consider drunk driving a risk and 193 (18.8%) know the alcohol effects when driving. 956 (93.3%) considered that prevention projects have a huge impact on their formation. CONCLUSION: It's expected that the attendees will act as multipliers of information, conveying the message of prevention to their entire social circles resulting in reduction in the number of trauma events involving the young, in the long term. .

OBJETIVO: identificar o perfil dos jovens que participaram do programa P.A.R.T.Y. na cidade de Campinas e apresentar o impacto deste projeto desde a sua implantação em 2010. MÉTODOS: os organizadores realizam visita às escolas participantes, conversando com os alunos, que tem idade entre 14-18 anos. Esses alunos passam a tarde no Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp, onde, durante quatro horas participam de palestras ministradas pelos organizadores, parceiros e setores municipais, e também visitam o hospital, conversando com vítimas de trauma. Foram avaliadas as visitas no período de 2010 a 2012, sendo um questionário aplicado antes e logo após o projeto. RESULTADOS: participaram do projeto 2450 estudantes do ensino médio. A média de idade foi 16 ± 0,99 anos e 37,6% eram do sexo masculino. Entre os homens, 3,6% do total de participantes já dirigiu alcoolizado e 0,8% no sexo feminino. Antes do projeto 116 (11,3%) acreditavam que dirigir após beber não era um risco e apenas 37 (3,6%) sabiam dos efeitos do álcool. Após, 441 (43%) passaram a considerar um risco e 193 (18,8%) sabiam os efeitos do álcool. CONCLUSÃO: o surgimento de programas de prevenção possibilita a mudança de comportamento na população participante, principalmente realizada por equipe multidisciplinar, que apresenta o assunto estudado sobre diferentes pontos de vista, de acordo com sua área de atuação. .

Telemedicina como ferramenta de ensino no cuidado ao paciente queimado / Telemedicine as a teaching tool in the care of burned patients

No contexto da saúde e educação médica, o cuidado ao paciente queimado ocupa uma pequena carga horária na formação. Objetivos: Avaliar os conhecimentos no cuidado do paciente queimado e validar o uso da telemedicina como instrumento de propagação destes conhecimentos. Materiais e Métodos: Aplicou-se dois questionários iguais com 10 questões, online, via SurveyMonkey, antes e após curso com 8 aulas de uma hora de duração cada, presencial ou via videoconferência. Ao final do curso uma prova online com 36 questões foi realizada. Resultados: Participaram do curso gratuito 215 pessoas, sendo 53% estudantes, 23% enfermeiros, 9% técnicos e 6% residentes. Desses, 39% já haviam participado do atendimento ao paciente queimado e 22% haviam realizado curso de formação. Dos 69 que concluíram o curso, 68,1% acompanharam presencialmente, enquanto 31,9% via telemedicina. No teste aplicado antes do curso a média foi de 56,6% de acertos e após o curso 84,8%. A nota final atribuída ao curso para aqueles que o concluíram foi de 8,6 (máxima de 10). Conclusão: A realização de palestras via telemedicinaé ferramenta útil na propagação dos conceitos no cuidado a saúde.

In the context of health care and medical education, burned patient’s care takes a small workload in training. Aims: To assess the knowledge in burn care and to validate the use of telemedicine as a tool to spread this knowledge. Materials and Methods: Two identical questionnaires were provided with 10 questions online via SurveyMonkey before and after an 8 lessons course with one hour each, live or through videoconference. At the end of the course an online test with 36 questions was conducted. Results: A total of 215 people attended the free-of-charge course. 53% students, 23% nurses, 9% technicians and 6% residents. Of these, 39% participated in some extent to the care of burned patients and 22% have attended training courses in the past. Of the 69 who completed the course, 68.1% attended in person, while 31.9% through telemedicine. In the test performed before the course, the average rate was 56.6 % correct and after the course 84.8 %. The final score of the course for those who have completed was 8.6 (out of 10). Conclusion: Lectures through telemedicine are a useful tool in spreading the concepts in health care.

Projeto terapêutico singular no âmbito da saúde mental: uma experiência no curso de graduação em medicina / A unique therapeutic project in the mental health field: an experience on an undergraduate medical course

O Jardim Campo Belo, localizado no município de Campinas (SP), é um bairro de alta vulnerabilidade social e grande demanda por serviços de saúde, sendo a única oferta em saúde mental o matriciamento com outra unidade de saúde. Neste contexto, durante as disciplinas do segundo ano de Medicina, foi realizado um projeto de intervenção no Centro de Saúde, mediante acompanhamento em domicilio de pacientes usuários de psicotrópicos. Realizaram-se visitas quinzenais às casas de dez pacientes. Nestas visitas, trabalhou-se um roteiro semidirigido, em que se buscou conhecer as demandas de cada paciente. Alguns destes aumentaram os cuidados com a própria saúde, e num caso houve até suspensão do uso dos medicamentos psicotrópicos, em parceria com a equipe; em outros casos, as visitas serviram como válvula de escape social, tornando-se um espaço onde se ofertava atenção aos que estavam acostumados ao abandono social. Os alunos envolvidos relatam grande aprendizado graças às vivências e ao envolvimento com o tema, que se tornou um grande suplemento pedagógico.

Located in Campinas (SP). Jardim Campo Belo is a neighborhood characterized by high social vulnerability and a high demand for health services, with the only mental health service on offer accessible via another healthcare unit. It was in this context and during the second year of medical school, that we conducted an intervention initiative, monitoring patients using psychotropic drugs in their homes. Fortnightly visits were made to homes of 10 patients. During these visits, we conducted semi-directed interviews that allowed us to learn of the patients' needs. Some patients increased their own healthcare measures, in one case even being suspended from using psychotropic medications, in partnership with the health team. In other cases, visits served to provide a kind of sounding board, providing a moment for offering attention to individuals used to being neglected by society. Students involved reported having learned a great deal from the experiences and involvement with the subject, with it serving as a valuable educational supplement to the degree course.

Nonoperative management of splenic injury grade IV is safe using rigid protocol.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the protocol and experience of our service in the nonoperative management (NOM) of grade IV blunt splenic injuries. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on trauma registry of a university hospital between 1990-2010. Charts of all patients with splenic injury were reviewed and patients with grade IV lesions treated nonoperatively were included in the study. RESULTS: ninety-four patients with grade IV blunt splenic injury were admitted during this period. Twenty-six (27.6%) met the inclusion criteria for NOM. The average systolic blood pressure on admission was 113.07 ± 22.22 mmHg, RTS 7.66 ± 0.49 and ISS 18.34 ± 3.90. Ten patients (38.5%) required blood transfusion, with a mean of 1.92 ± 1.77 packed red cells per patient. Associated abdominal injuries were present in two patients (7.7%). NOM failed in two patients (7.7%), operated on due to worsening of abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. No patient developed complications related to the spleen and there were no deaths in this series. Average length of hospital stay was 7.12 ± 1.98 days. CONCLUSION: Nonoperative treatment of grade IV splenic injuries in blunt abdominal trauma is safe when a rigid protocol is followed.

Tratamento não operatório de lesão esplênica grau IV é seguro usando-se rígido protocolo / Nonoperative management of splenic injury grade IV is safe using rigid protocol

OBJETIVO: demonstrar o protocolo e a experiência do serviço no TNO de lesões esplênicas contusas grau IV (classificação da Associação Americana de Cirurgia do Trauma). MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo baseado em registro de trauma de hospital universitário no período de 1990 a 2010. Prontuários de todos os pacientes com lesão esplênica foram revisados e os doentes tratados de modo não operatório com lesão grau IV foram incluídos no estudo. RESULTADOS: noventa e quatro pacientes com lesão esplênica contusa grau IV foram admitidos neste período. Vinte e seis (27,6%) apresentaram os critérios para o TNO. A média de pressão arterial sistólica na admissão foi de 113,07 ± 22,22mmHg, RTS = 7,66 ± 0,49 e ISS = 18,34 ± 3,90. Dez pacientes (38,5%) necessitaram de transfusão sanguínea, com uma média de 1,92 ± 1,77 concentrado de hemácias por paciente. Lesões abdominais associadas estavam presentes em dois pacientes (7,7%). O TNO falhou em dois pacientes (7,7%), operados devido à piora da dor abdominal e choque hipovolêmico. Nenhum paciente desenvolveu complicações relativas ao baço e não houve óbito na presente casuística. A média de dias de internação foi 7,12 ± 1,98 dias. CONCLUSÃO: o tratamento não operatório de lesões esplênicas grau IV no trauma abdominal contuso é seguro seguindo-se rígido protocolo.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the protocol and experience of our service in the nonoperative management (NOM) of grade IV blunt splenic injuries. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on trauma registry of a university hospital between 1990-2010. Charts of all patients with splenic injury were reviewed and patients with grade IV lesions treated nonoperatively were included in the study. RESULTS: ninety-four patients with grade IV blunt splenic injury were admitted during this period. Twenty-six (27.6%) met the inclusion criteria for NOM. The average systolic blood pressure on admission was 113.07 ± 22.22 mmHg, RTS 7.66 ± 0.49 and ISS 18.34 ± 3.90. Ten patients (38.5%) required blood transfusion, with a mean of 1.92 ± 1.77 packed red cells per patient. Associated abdominal injuries were present in two patients (7.7%). NOM failed in two patients (7.7%), operated on due to worsening of abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. No patient developed complications related to the spleen and there were no deaths in this series. Average length of hospital stay was 7.12 ± 1.98 days. CONCLUSION: Nonoperative treatment of grade IV splenic injuries in blunt abdominal trauma is safe when a rigid protocol is followed.

El usuario en atención básica y las ofertas en salud mental: la percepción de los pacientes acerca de la medicación / The User in Basic Care and offers in Mental Health: the perception of patients about medication

En Brasil, a partir de la Reforma Psiquiátrica, los servicios de salud mental pasaron a organizarse en una red de atención diversificada, oponiéndose al modelo hospitalario. Sin embargo, hay contradicciones entre los profesionales, que oscilan entre la restricción de libertad y la atención psicosocial y la alienación de los mismos en relación a su trabajo, cuando la medicalización pasa a ser el mecanismo estructurante de todas las prácticas analizadas. El objetivo del trabajo es comprender el fenómeno del uso de psicotrópicos en la atención primaria y desarrollar estrategias de salud pública para mejorar la calidad de la asistencia...

In Brazil, after the Psychiatric Reform, mental health services began to organize into a diversied healthcare network, opposing the hospital model. However, there are contradictions among professionals, ranging from the restriction of freedom and psychosocial care and alienation related totheir work, when medicalization becomes the structuring mechanism of all analyzed practices. The objective of this study is to understand the phenomenon of use of psychotropic drugs in primary care andthe development of public health strategies to improve the quality of care...