Assuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Avaliação Geriátrica , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Feminino , Humanos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevenção Primária/organização & administração , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estados Unidos , Vacinação/métodosRESUMO
Immunization is a great success of preventive medicine. In the United States, most vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood are at or near record lows while the number of diseases preventable by vaccination has increased. These successes result from a comprehensive system that includes basic research; developing and testing vaccine candidates; a manufacturing base; a regulatory authority; development of immunization policies; implementation of immunization recommendations; and a compensation system for the few people unavoidably injured by vaccines. Despite the successes, the system faces numerous challenges, including vaccine supply, cost, and safety; adult immunization; vaccine research and development; and biopreparedness.
Assuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Comportamento Cooperativo , Programas de Imunização , Vacinas/provisão & distribuição , Adulto , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Humanos , Medicina Preventiva , Segurança , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vacinas/economiaRESUMO
A new collaborative model of research is needed to increase resources, to prioritize the R (ii) to increase the pace, reduce the overlap, and more systematically explore the elements of and delivery systems for vaccines; (iii) to use common standards for the prompt comparative testing of vaccine candidates; (iv) to expand resources for manufacturing vaccine candidates to speed their use in human trials; and (v) to increase the capacity for international clinical trials and to focus this effort toward quickly measuring the effectiveness of vaccine protection as prototype vaccine candidates are identified.
