RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In resource-rich settings, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has dramatically decreased by virtue of a combination of preventive strategies during the last two decades. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of progressive developmental milestone loss in a toddler with previously unknown congenitally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, complicated by an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) coinfection. CONCLUSION: Our report underscores the differential diagnosis between HIV encephalopathy and EBV encephalitis and the vertical transmission of the HIV infection, which constitutes an alarming issue in terms of public health.
Assuntos
Encefalite/diagnóstico , Encefalite/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/patologia , Infecções por HIV/patologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Disartria/patologia , Disartria/virologia , Encefalite/patologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Síndrome de Angelman/dietoterapia , Dieta Cetogênica/métodos , Convulsões/dietoterapia , Síndrome de Angelman/complicações , Síndrome de Angelman/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Convulsões/complicações , Convulsões/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A pilot prospective follow-up study of the role of the branched chain amino acids as additional therapy to the ketogenic diet was carried out in 17 children, aged between 2 and 7 years, with refractory epilepsy. All of these patients were on the ketogenic diet; none of them was seizure free, while only 13 had more or less benefited from the diet. The addition of branched chain amino acids induced a 100% seizure reduction in 3 patients, while a 50% to 90% reduction was noticed in 5. Moreover, in all of the patients, no reduction in ketosis was recorded despite the change in the fat-to-protein ratio from 4:1 to 2.5:1. Although our data are preliminary, we suggest that branched chain amino acids may increase the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet and the diet could be more easily tolerated by the patients because of the change in the ratio of fat to protein.
