Intra-operative blood transfusion in elderly patients on antithrombotic therapy.

BACKGROUND: Many elderly patients are receiving antithrombotics, which may increase intra-operative blood loss. We aimed to assess whether chronic antithrombotic therapy was associated with intra-operative transfusion of packed red blood cells in patients at least 80 years of age undergoing elective procedures. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of the prospective, observational European multicentre study entitled POSE (peri-interventional outcome study in the elderly) including 9497 surgical patients aged 80 years and older in 177 centres from October 2017 to December 2018. In this secondary analysis we included POSE patients who underwent elective procedures and with available data on chronic antithrombotic therapy. The primary outcome was intra-operative transfusion of packed red blood cells and results were analysed using multiple logistic regression model. We adjusted for the following predetermined explanatory variables: Age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System, baseline haemoglobin concentration, disseminated cancer, and type and severity of surgery. RESULTS: A total of 7174 patients were included of whom 4073 (56.8%) were on antithrombotic therapy. Among patients on antithrombotic therapy 191 (4.7%) received intra-operative blood transfusion compared with 98 (3.2%) of patients not on chronic antithrombotic therapy (crude odds ratio: 1.51, 95% CI 1.18-1.94). Following multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.98; 0.73-1.32. We found that chronic antithrombotic therapy was associated with intra-operative transfusion of packed red blood cells in elderly patients undergoing elective procedures in an unadjusted analysis, but not in a multivariate adjusted model.

Long-term survival and cognitive function according to blood pressure management during cardiac surgery. A follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery is associated with a risk of complications, including post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). In the randomized Perfusion Pressure Cerebral Infarcts (PPCI) trial, we allocated cardiac surgery patients to either a low-target mean arterial pressure (40-50 mm Hg) or a high-target pressure (70-80 mm Hg). The study found no difference in the volume of new ischemic cerebral lesions nor POCD, but 30-day mortality tended to be higher in the high-target group. In the present study we did a long-term 3-year follow-up to assess survival and level of cognitive functioning. The primary hypothesis was that patients allocated to a high-target blood pressure had a higher long-term mortality at 3-year follow-up. METHODS: We determined long-term mortality of patients included in the PPCI trial at 3-year follow-up using national registries and we assessed POCD using a cognitive test battery. Subjective level of functioning was assessed with questionnaires. POCD and subjective functioning at follow-up were evaluated in logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among the 197 patients who participated in the original study, there was no significant difference in mortality over a median of 3.4 years according to blood pressure target during cardiopulmonary bypass (hazards ratio 1.23 [high vs low] 95% confidence interval: 0.50-3.02, P = .65). POCD was found in 18.9% and 14.0% in the high-target and low-target groups, respectively adjusted odds ratio 1.01 (CI 95% 0.33-3.12). No differences were found for subjective functioning between groups. CONCLUSIONS: No difference in mortality nor in the level of cognitive functioning was found according to blood pressure target during cardiac surgery long-term at 3-year follow-up.

Impact of Physician-staffed Helicopters on Pre-hospital Patient Outcomes: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Management of pre-hospital patients remains a challenge. In developed countries a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service (PS-HEMS) is used in addition to ground emergency medical service (GEMS), but the effect is debated. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of PS-HEMS compared with GEMS on patient outcomes based on the published scientific literature. METHODS: Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched on November 15, 2019 for prospective, interventional studies comparing outcomes of patients transported by either PS-HEMS or GEMS. Outcomes of interest were mortality, time to hospital and quality of life. RESULTS: The majority of 18 studies included were observational and difficult to summarize because of heterogeneity. Meta-analysis could not be carried out. Three studies found reduced mortality in patients transported by PS-HEMS compared with GEMS with Odds ratios (OR) of 0.68 (0.47-0.98); 0.29 (0.10-0.82) and 0.21 (0.06-0.73) respectively. Another two studies found improved survival with OR 1.2 (1.0-1.5) and 6.9 (1.48-32.5) in patients transported by PS-HEMS compared with GEMS. In three studies, PS-HEMS was associated with shorter time to hospital. Three studies reported quality of life and found no benefit of PS-HEMS. CONCLUSION: In this systematic review the studies comparing PS-HEMS with GEMS were difficult to summarize because of heterogeneity. We found a possible survival benefit of PS-HEMS but were unable to conduct a meta-analysis. The overall quality of evidence was low.