Microsatellite variation of ESR1, ESR2, and AR in Serbian women with primary ovarian insufficiency.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of microsatellite polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) TA repeat, estrogen receptor beta gene (ESR2) CA repeat, and androgen receptor gene (AR) CAG and GGN repeats among Serbian women with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). These microsatellites have been reported to be associated with POI in different racial/ethnic populations. METHODS: A cohort of 196 POI cases matched with 544 fertile controls was recruited by the Institute for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of Serbia between 2007 and 2010. DNA was extracted from saliva. The four microsatellites were genotyped using a PCR-based assay to determine the repeat lengths. RESULTS: POI patients carried shorter repeat lengths of ESR2 (CA)n than controls (P = 0.034), but the difference was small. ESR1 (TA)n was on the borderline of statistical differences between groups (P = 0.059). AR (CAG)n and (GGN)n showed no association with POI. CONCLUSIONS: We cautiously conclude that microsatellite polymorphisms of gonadal steroid receptor genes might contribute to the genetic basis of POI in Serbian women, but a larger-scale study and family-based studies are warranted to validate our findings even though the sample size in this study is larger than any previously published in this field.

Lack of association between ESR1 gene polymorphisms and premature ovarian failure in Serbian women.

OBJECTIVE: It has previously been reported that estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) gene (ESR1: estrogen receptor 1) polymorphisms are associated with premature ovarian failure (POF). The aim of this study was to investigate whether these genetic polymorphisms of ESR1 are associated with POF in Serbian women. METHODS: A series of 197 POF cases matched with 547 fertile controls was recruited by the Institute for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of Serbia between 2007 and 2010. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva using Oragene® DNA sample collection kits. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), PvuII and XbaI, in ESR1 were genotyped by dynamic allele-specific hybridization. Haplotype analyses were performed with the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. SNP and haplotype effects were analyzed by logistic regression models. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the distribution of ESR1 PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms or haplotypes between the POF and control groups. CONCLUSION: The two ESR1 SNPs, PvuII and XbaI, are not commonly associated with POF in Serbian women and may not contribute to the genetic basis of the condition.

Carcinosarcoma of the uterus in advanced stage: a case report.

This is the case of an advanced stage carcinosarcoma uteri, in a patient with limited therapy options. Carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed Müllerian tumors) are histologically composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. Sarcomatous component of this mixed tumor in the present patient was of heterologous-type chondrosarcoma. The primary treatment option for uterine carcinosarcomas is surgery, but adjuvant therapy is always necessary. The optimal treatment is still uncertain, as the histogenesis of this tumor remains controversial.

Carney complex and teratoma maturum ovarii--a case report.

This is a case report of an extremely rare Carney complex (CNC) syndrome in a 17-year-old patient. After the decision made by a team of cancer specialists, the patient was admitted to the hospital for surgery because of adnexal tumor associated with ascites and increased Ca 125 tumor marker level. The patient underwent cardiac surgery twice. Adnexal mass and ascites, revealed by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and confirmed by magnetic resonance imagings (MRI), indicated the malignant alteration. Surgery was performed and surgical pathological staging was refined according to the FIGO guideline and included a staging laparotomy. After surgery, general condition of the patient was good, without ascites and pain, with Ca 125 marker levels within reference ranges.

Comparison of electrolytic status (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) in preterm and term deliveries.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrolytic status of Na+, K+, Ca+, and Mg2+ in serum and red blood cells in idiopathic preterm and term deliveries. METHODS: The study included 105 pregnant women diagnosed with idiopathic premature delivery (study group) and 36 pregnant women with physiologically term delivery (controls). Samples of mother's blood were collected and analyzed for the level of electrolytes in the serum/plasma and red blood cells. RESULTS: Measured values of magnesium in red blood cells in the study group were far lower than physiological values, intracellular calcium levels were higher in the study group compared to levels measured in the controls. Sodium concentrations in cells were significantly lower in subjects with premature delivery. CONCLUSION: The magnesium intracellular level is the best representative value of magnesium in the body.

Ovarian neoplasms and pregnancy.

The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of ovarian malignant neoplasms in pregnancy. In the prospective study, during a 2-year period of time, we had the ethical dilemma concerning the conciliar treatment vs the patient's wish to deliver and save the reproductive capabilities. We examined 37 pregnant women; the incidence of ovarian cancer was 13.5% vs 6.5% in other works. Diagnoses were made by ultrasound criteria and physical examinations. Statistically significant results were obtained by Student t test. Mean gestational age was 20.1 weeks and mean age 31.1 years. Treatment depends on the neoplasms type, grade, and presence of the metastatic pathways. In benign neoplasms, we used laparoscopic treatment with minor invasion. Distribution of benign neoplasms was in the same range as that in other works.

[Modern aspects of the premenstrual syndrome]. / Savremeni aspekti premenstruacionog sindroma.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) has being a more and more current problem in gynaecology nowadays. The outstanding of symptoms with their repercussion in the psychosocial sphere, no matter whether the problems of psysiological nature are primary oe secondary characteristics of PMS, all inclusive perception of this syndrome. There are individual various aeriological factors, i.e. pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for PMS development, with precisely known varieties of symptom expression, being dominant and frequent, which contribute to the choice of the most suitable therapy. The paper presents a review of various therapeutical possibilities that will make possible the establishment of up-to-date concepts of the premenstrual syndrome treatment, individualized and harmonized according to the current knowledge of dysfunction of relevant system and presence of neuroendocrinological imbalance, responsible for the development of specific PMS symptoms.

The application of GnRH analogues in the treatment of uterine myomas in perimenopausal women.

Our objective was to determine whether long GnRH agonists induce effective and persistent shrinkage of uterine myomas in perimenopausal women, as well as to determine the usefulness of Doppler sonography study in evaluating the therapy benefit. The study covers 30 patients with symptomatic myomas in perimenopausal period. We used long GnRH agonist-Decapeptyl (Ferring) at 28 days intervals in the course of 4 months. After discontinuing the application of Decapeptyl, medroxyprogesterone acetate was introduced for 6 months. The GnRH/gestagens therapy is useful and effective in treatment of symptomatic myomas in perimenopausal patients, and may be a valid alternative to hysterectomy. Doppler sonography is reliable in monitoring of uterine circulation in patients under GnRH therapy.

[Correlation between ultrasonographic and celioscopic findings during stimulated cycles in women undergoing fertilization in vitro]. / Korelacija izmedju ultrasonografskog i celioskopskog nalaza u stimulisanim ciklusima zena za fertilizaciju in vitro.

The authors emphasize the importance of ultrasonographic follow-up of the growth and development of the follicle in patients prepared for fertilization in vitro. The study concerned 30 patients in whom an appropriate stimulation was carried out. Correlation between ultrasonographic and coelioscopic findings is analysed. On the basis of the obtained results it was concluded that ultrasonographic diagnosis may be useful in the evaluation of the number, size and volume of a follicle. This method was also appropriate for the evaluation of the follicle maturity and determination of the best time for their puncture. In this was follicles that are in the most favourable time for fertilization in vitro, can be obtained.