RESUMO
Information on the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infections is needed for the planning of preventative measures against the spreading of these blood borne pathogens through treatment in the clinic. A survey was conducted to determine the incidence for 180 patients attending the maxillofacial and oral surgery clinic at the Medunsa Dental Hospital. Antibodies to HIV were found in 1.1 per cent. Hepatitis B surface antigen in 2.8 per cent and Hepatitis B core antibodies as the sole marker in three patients who tested positive for HBV-DNA. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 1.1 per cent. The presence of these infections indicates that there is a need for dental health care workers to comply with all recommended precautionary measures, including immunization against hepatitis B.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Soroprevalência de HIV , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite C/imunologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , África do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumours with a diameter of more than 4 cm are uncommon. Two cases, both measuring in excess of 7 cm, are described and the differential diagnosis discussed. The progressive growth and cortical perforation in these two cases support the view that it is a benign neoplasm rather than a hamartoma.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagem , Tumores Odontogênicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , RadiografiaRESUMO
Three types of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) are recognised, namely hypoplastic, hypomature and hypocalcified varieties. We report on two cases of hypoplastic AI, the type which occurs most frequently. Both patients presented with multiple impacted permanent teeth. Odontogenic fibromas of the WHO type were found to be associated with the crowns of all the impacted teeth and are considered to have prevented normal eruption. Dentinal dysplasia found only in the furcation area of the multirooted impacted teeth was evident. The macroscopic, microscopic and radiological appearance of the affected teeth, pericoronal lesions and interradicular dentinal dysplasia are described, and the most likely origins of the odontogenic fibromas and calcifications observed, are discussed.
Assuntos
Amelogênese Imperfeita/complicações , Dente Impactado/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Displasia da Dentina/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Tumores Odontogênicos/complicaçõesRESUMO
A case of Ludwig's angina which developed after mandibular fractures in a 14-year-old male patient is reported. We emphasise the serious nature of this condition and the aggressive treatment it requires. It is important to recognise cases of Ludwig's angina at an early stage, as well as cases which are at risk of developing into true Ludwig's angina if treatment is delayed. Management should be aimed at maintaining an open airway by nasotracheal intubation or cricothyroidotomy, together with treatment of the infection by removal of the source, drainage of pus and parenteral antibiotic therapy. In addition, investigation and management of contributing medical conditions and timely specialist consultation are essential.
