Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma present features of cellular senescence.

Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) is one of the most prevailing malignancies in young adults. Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in HL have distinctive large cell morphology, are characteristic of the disease and their presence is essential for diagnosis. Enlarged cells are one of the hallmarks of senescence, but whether RS cells are senescent has not been previously investigated. Here we show that RS cells have characteristics of senescent cells; RS cells in HL biopsies specifically express the senescence markers and cell cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p16INK4a and are negative for the proliferation marker Ki-67, suggesting that these cells have ceased to proliferate. Moreover, the RS-like cells in HL lines, stained specifically for senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal). Oxidative stress promoted senescence in these cells as demonstrated by their staining for p21Cip1, p16INK4a, p53 and γH2AX. Senescent cells produce copious amounts of inflammatory cytokines termed 'senescence-associated secretory phenotype' (SASP), primarily regulated by Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB). Indeed, we show that NF-κB activity and NF-κB-dependent cytokines production (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF) were elevated in RS-like cells. Furthermore, NF-κB inhibitors, JSH-23 and curcumin reduced IL-6 secretion from RS-like cells. Thus, defining RS cells as senescent offers new insights on the origin of the proinflammatory microenvironment in HL.

In vivo burn diagnosis by camera-phone diffuse reflectance laser speckle detection.

Burn diagnosis using laser speckle light typically employs widefield illumination of the burn region to produce two-dimensional speckle patterns from light backscattered from the entire irradiated tissue volume. Analysis of speckle contrast in these time-integrated patterns can then provide information on burn severity. Here, by contrast, we use point illumination to generate diffuse reflectance laser speckle patterns of the burn. By examining spatiotemporal fluctuations in these time-integrated patterns along the radial direction from the incident point beam, we show the ability to distinguish partial-thickness burns in a porcine model in vivo within the first 24 hours post-burn. Furthermore, our findings suggest that time-integrated diffuse reflectance laser speckle can be useful for monitoring burn healing over time post-burn. Unlike conventional diffuse reflectance laser speckle detection systems that utilize scientific or industrial-grade cameras, our system is designed with a camera-phone, demonstrating the potential for burn diagnosis with a simple imager.

[Nonepithelial tumors of the stomach]. / Neépitelial'nye opukholi zheludka.

816 patients were operated on because of gastric tumors; in 55 cases they were nonepithelial. Lymphomas have been found in 18 cases, glomus tumors--in 13 cases, leiomyomas, neurinomas and lipomas--in 11 cases, carcinoid--in 7 cases, aberrant pancreas--in 5 cases, gastric wall cyst--in 1 case. In half of the cases tumors were malignant. The preoperative diagnosis was absolutely correct in 30.9% patients and in 61% of cases with gastric lymphomas. All patients with nonepithelial gastric tumors should be operated on. In gastric lymphoma extirpation of the stomach is the operation of choice. In nonmalignant tumors with infiltrative growth and a size not more than 3 cm a stomach resection should be done, in a smaller size--a wedge resection and in subserous small tumors its enucleation, in submucous variant--endoscopic removal is possible.

[The diagnosis and surgical treatment of isolated lymphomas of the stomach]. / Diagnostika i khirurgicheskoe lechenie izolirovannykh limfom cheloveka.

The study group included 18 patients with isolated malignant lymphoma of the stomach (lymphosarcoma--15, reticulosarcoma--2 and Hodgkin's sarcoma--1). Correct diagnosis was made or suspected on the basis of clinical, X-ray and endoscopic data before surgery in 12 cases. Out of the 18 patients operated on, radical surgery was performed in 16 cases, and two patients died in postoperative period. Longterm results were studied in 11 cases; one of them (female) died 18 months after the operation. Four patients have survived 5 years, two--5-10 years and longer. Extirpation of the stomach has proved to be most effective in surgical treatment for isolated lymphosarcoma.