[Catecholamine excretion in patients with eating disorders].

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical features of eating disorders and parameters of monoamine metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors examined 21 patients with eating disorders during 2008-2011 using clinical/psychopathological method. To evaluate the status of monoamine neuromediator system, urine levels of dopamine, noradrenalin and adrenaline excretion were measured using high-yield liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The reference group included 26 sex- and age-matched volunteers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The common patterns of the pathogenesis of compulsive urges of different origin were identified. The results indicate not only nonspecific changes in catecholamine systems of patients with eating disorders associated with different stress disorders but also demonstrate the pathogenetic correlations between dopaminergic activity and clinical symptoms of addiction.

[Relationship of free and conjugated forms of catecholamines in depressive disorders in psychopathic personalities]. / Sootnoshenie svobodnykh i kon''iugirovannykh form katekholaminov pri depressivnykh rasstroistvakh u psikhopaticheskikh lichnostei.

The study was undertaken to examine the content of free and conjugated forms of norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine in the daily urine and blood plasma of psychopathic patients during varying severity depressive disorders. To isolate the conjugated forms, hot acid hydrolysis was applied, catecholamines were measured by the procedures based on high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Patients with the most marked clinical signs of depressions were found to have the most profound urinary and blood shortage of free forms of dopamine and norepinephrine, as compared with the controls, which was associated with the most intensive conjugation of these catecholamines. Thus, it may be supposed that disturbances of the catecholamine conjugation systems are one of the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the development of affective disorders.

[Determination of free and conjugated catecholamines, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the urine and blood plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography]. / Opredelenie svobodnykh i kon'iugirovannykh form katekholaminov, 3,4-dioksifenilalanina, 3,4-dioksifeniluksusnoi kisloty v moche i plazme krovi s ispol'zovaniem vysokoéffektivnoi zhidkostnoi khromatografii.

A method for simultaneous measurement of free and conjugated forms of adrenalin, noradrenaline, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the blood plasma and urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector has been developed. The levels of the said substances in 36 normal volunteers and 20 patients with mental disorders are presented. Simultaneous measurements of excretion of free catecholamines and their conjugates permitted a more complete characterization of catecholamine metabolism, which is important for understanding the mechanisms of disorders in catecholamine system in various diseases.

[Monoamine metabolism in different forms of paraphilias]. / Obmen monoaminov pri razlichnykh formakh parafilii.

42 persons which commited crime sexual actions were examined in terms of clinical and neurochemical investigations. The sexual behaviours of 31 patients from this group were associated with sexual inclination pathology--with paraphilia. The patients were divided into 2 groups namely with compulsive form of paraphilia (13 individuals) and without compulsive disturbances (18 patients). Both free and conjugated forms of norepinephrine (NA), dopamine (DA), dihyroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dihyroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured in serum and daily urine as well as serotonin concentration was estimated in blood plasma and platelets. The rate of 3H-serotonin uptake into platelets (Vmax) was also investigated. It was determined that Vmax, free and especially conjugated forms of NA, DA, DOPAC levels were significantly higher in patients with compulsive forms of paraphilia. It was supposed that monoamine mechanisms may be operated in psychopathological variations of the crime sexual behaviour.

[Catecholamines and the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity of the blood plasma in motor pathology in children: the role of central and peripheral mechanisms]. / Katekholaminy i aktivnost' dofamin-beta-gidroksilazy plazmy krovi pri dvigatel'noi patologii u detei: rol' tsentral'nykh i perifericheskikh mekhanizmov.

Plasma catecholamine levels and serum dopamine-beta-hydrolase (D beta H) activity were investigated using high-performance chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively, in 32 patients aged 10-14 with various motor pathology. Group 1 patients (21 children with spastic diplegia and clinical signs of central catecholaminergic neuromediation deficiency) received Nakom in a single daily dose 60 mg in the morning. The treatment produced a good clinical effect. Six children of group 2 with hereditary degenerative cerebral, spinal, nervous diseases and 5 children of group 3 with lower spastic paraplegia consequent to spinal cord trauma inflicted 6-12 months: before received Nakom in a single daily dose 30 mg in the morning for 14 days. The treatment in them resulted in an essential decrease of pelvic dysfunctions. All the children had a high DOPA level in blood plasma irrespective of the group and Nakom administration. Pretreatment dopamine (DA) levels were different: the least in cerebral palsy patients (0.019 +/- 0.01 ng/ml), the highest in group 2 (p < 0.05), in children with spinal cord pathology it was higher than normal and higher than in group 1 (p < 0.001). Nakom treatment promoted DA normalization in all the groups. Norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were very low in all the patients correlating with the degenerative process degree and did not change in response to Nakom administration. D beta H activity was inhibited in all the groups, especially in the spinal patients. Nakom increased both D beta H activity (p < 0.01) and motor activity. Thus, an increased DOPA level is plasma is not specific for nervous diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Activity of tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase in human platelets during alcoholism]. / Aktivnost' tirozingidroksilazy i monoaminoksidazy v trombotsitakh cheloveka pri alkogolizme.

Activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected in human thrombocytes. The TH and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities were estimated in thrombocytes of patients with alcoholism of various clinical manifestations. Activity of TH was increased in patients with severe abstinence disorders; after termination of the syndrome the enzymatic activity was normalized. Activity of MAO, being at low level in the patients with abstinence and delirious syndromes, was markedly increased after discontinuation of the delirium syndrome. Reasons and consequences of the enzymatic activity alterations are discussed.

Disturbances in regulation of catecholamine neuromediation in alcoholism.

Dopamine content of blood, activity of adenylate- and guanylate cyclases in platelets and lymphocytes, catechol-O-methyltransferase in erythrocytes, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in blood plasma, monoamine oxidase in platelets, cAMP and cGMP content of blood, and the intensity of 3H-DA uptake by platelets have been investigated in alcoholic patients at different clinical states. Most of these indices have been studied in the brain and blood of rats displaying different affinities to alcohol. The results indicate that, in addition to the previously described disturbances of DA turnover, changes occur in the functions of enzyme and receptor systems involved in the mechanism of catecholamine neuromediation. Rats preferring and avoiding alcohol exhibit different DA and cyclic nucleotide concentrations in the blood and a trend towards different activity of some enzymes in the brain. It is suggested that: (1) the disturbances in the regulation of catecholamine neuromediation are involved in the mechanism of development of alcohol dependence; (2) the genetically-determined abnormalities of catecholamine neuromediation may contribute to an individual's attitude to alcohol.