[Additional chromosomal abnormalities in dynamic of target therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia in children and adolescents].

Chromosomal abnormalities of bone marrow cells in dynamic chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with bcr-abl-tyrosinkinase inhibitor (400 mg/m2) in 34 children and adolescent were estimated. Appearence of additional chromosomal abnormalities such as del(16)(q22), del(11)(q23), del(6) (q23), del(21)(q12), trisomy chromosome 8, additional neartetraploid clones were evidence about tumor cells resistence to therapy in children and adolescent.

Radiation protection and health of personnel of contracting enterprises participating in works for transformation of the object "shelter" of SSE Chornobyl NPP into an ecologically safe system.

UNLABELLED: Transformation of the object "Shelter" (OS) of SSE Chornobyl NPP into an ecologically safe system is one of the most important state programs in Ukraine. Both medical and dosimetric measures on healthcare of personnel participating in these works ranks the main place among most actual problems of contemporary clinical radiobiology, radiation hygiene, and radiation protection. The study objective was to work out and implement the medical and biophysical checking of the health status and workability both with radiation protection of personnel executing works on transformation of OS into an ecologically safe system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The interdependent complex program of medical and biophysical (for internal and external irradiation) control of personnel executing the production tasks under conditions of ionizing radiation impact and open sources of ionizing radiation. Realization of medical examination envisages the estimation of the status of haemopoietic, immune, endocrine, respiratory systems, organ of vision, nervous system, psychics status and psychophysiological adaptation, ear, both with circulatory, digestive, urogenital, and bone-muscular system. There were 19434 cases of medical control of personnel in total. RESULTS: Results of the input medical control testify to the following: 4698 (48.90%) were admitted to work, 4909 (51.10%) were rejected. Individual annual effective doses of irradiation in the major part of cases did not exceed 12 mSv. There were 1845 cases of 239+240Pu content in excrements exceeding the level of 1.5 mBq/sample at a current biophysical control. Individual doses of internal irradiation at that did not exceed 1 mSv. CONCLUSIONS: The program of medical and biophysical service for reconstruction works on the OS proved its necessity and efficiency as its results showed that under the unique radiation-hygienical conditions not engineering challenges and technical problems but issues of how to save the health and workability of people and prevent the overdose of personnel including due to an internal irradiation are most critical.

[Heterogeneity of chromosomal abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia in different age groups children].

Characteristic of chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells among 123 children with acute myeloid leukemia were presented according five aging groups: I - up to 2 years, II - 2-5 years, III - 5-10 years, IV - 10-15 years, V - 15-18 years. Normal karyotype wasn't found in group up to 2 years and in low presented in another groups (5, 9-10,3%). The highest frequency of chromosomal abnormality evolution in group up to 2 years was established (69,2%). The highest frequency of hyperdiploidy (47-50 chromosomes) in group 15-18 years (31%) was found. More often near-tetraploidy and pseudodiploidy clones were met in group 2-5 years (47% and 58,8%, respectively). Between structural types in all groups were predominated translocations and deletions. In group up to 2 years was prevalented translocations (61,5%), 2-18 years - deletions (64,7; 34,5; 45,7 and 41,4 % respectively). In group up to 2 years more often were met abnormalities chromosomes (Chr) 9, 11, 16 (in 30,8%), 2-5 years - Chr 16, 21 (in 29,4%), 5-10 years - Chr 11 (24,1%), 8, 15, 17 (in 17,2%), 10-15 years - Chr 16 (40%) and 15-18 years - Chr 8, 9, 15, 17 (in 17,2%).

[Phenomenon of the evolution of clonal chromosomal abnormalities in childhood acute myeloid leukemia].

Analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells in 116 children with diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was performed. Frequency of evolution of clonal chromosome abnormalities in AML constituted 42,3%. The most abundant among them were numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 8, 9, and 21 as well as secondary structural abnormalities in region 12p12, 9p22, 9q22, 9q34, 11q14-23, and 16q22. Numerical abnormalities were registered in 26,7% cases. The basic mechanism of leukemic clone evolution was trisomy, deletion and monosomy. The frequency of evolution was 7 times higher in the age group up to 2 years and twice higher in the age group up to 5 years. The high frequency of evolution was established at t(15;17)(q22;q22) and the absence at inv(16)(p13q22). The patients with clonal evolution died earlier, before reaching remission, that can be connected with heavy initial state and high frequency of relapse. Conception of abnormality clone evolution was proposed at some stages: I--appearance of balanced rearrangement; II--trisomy; III--lose of chromosomal material. Appearance of unbalanced genome in evolution possess an advantage in proliferate activity and can be connected with the answer on chemotherapy. Identity of abnormal chromosome structure at diagnosis and relapse of disease can be an evidence of the influence of chemical agent on establishment of some types of evolution of chromosome abnormalities in leukemic cells in AML in children.

[Rearrangements of chromosome 9 in different hematological neoplasia].

The frequencies of chromosome 9 abnormalities in children with hematological neoplasia have constituted: 25/112 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 10/83--in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 3/20--in refractory anemia (RA). The frequency of deletions was higher than of translocations in ALL. Deletions were found as sole abnormalities as in complexity karyotypes. More often the rearrangements affected bands 9q34 and 9q22. Translocation t (9;22)(q34; q11) occured in 7.1% cases ALL. In AML the translocations were detected with greater frequency than deletions. The long arm bands 9q22 and 9q34 were more often involved in structural rearrangements. Deletions, translocations and duplications were registered in MDS. Comparison with clinical features showed no correlation with age and the main hematological indexes including the amount of blast cells in initial period. Multidrug resistance and disease progression during chemotherapy were noted in t (9;22).

[Chromosome 11 rearrangements in the different haematological neoplasias].

The cases of chromosome 11 abnormalities in leukemic bone marrow cells have constituted 14.0% in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 18.7% in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 16.7% in refractory anemia (RA). The bands of the short arms 11p13, 11p14, llp15 and the long arms 11q14, 11q21, 11q23 were involved in chromosome rearrangements. The rearrangements of the band 11q23 were detected more often. Reciprocal translocations were found with the highest frequency, while para- and pericentic invertions, terminal and intestitial deletions occured with the lower incidence. Deletions were found in RA cases only. Comparison with the clinical features showed no correlation with the age and the main haematological indexes including the amount of blast cells in the initial period. The results have showed the poor prognosis of the abnormalities not only of 11q21, 11q23 in acute leukemia (AL), but of 11p13, 11p15 in AML as well, while not enough data on this subject is availalbe in the literature.

[The possibility of increasing the precision of biochemical diagnostics of Gaucher disease].

Estimation of chitotriosidase activity is proposed for final diagnostics of Gaucher disease. Using this method the diagnosis has not been confirmed in one patient of 25 ones with this preliminary diagnosis. The problems of complex diagnostics of Gaucher disease are discussed.

[The results of studies of the peripheral blood from children in Polesie District, Kiev Province and in the city of Kiev 4 years after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Rezul'taty issledovanii perifericheskoi krovi detei Polesskogo raiona Kievskoi oblasti i g. Kieva cherez chetyre goda posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

The peripheral blood of 2200 children (age: from 2 to 16 years) inhabiting the Polessye District of Kiev Province and the city of Kiev 4 years after the Chernobyl atomic station accident was studied. An analysis of results revealed the presence of hematologic changes that may be interpreted as sequels of the effect of ionizing radiation on the body, while other changes may be considered as reactive and may in most cases accompany different somatic diseases of infectious-inflammatory character.

[Immunoenzyme cytochemical methods, monoclonal antibodies and lectins in the diagnosis of tumors of the lymphoid tissue in children]. / Immunofermentnye tsitokhimicheskie metody, monoklonal'nye antitela i lektiny v diagnostike opukholevykh zabolevanii limfoidnoi tkani u detei.

ICO, IPO and LT series monoclonal antibodies, lectins, PAP and APAAP methods were used to study blood, bone marrow and lymph node cells in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. The immunological phenotype of malignant lymphoid cells has been characterized and cytological variants of ALL and lymphomas of T and B cell origin have been distinguished.

[Structure and properties of collagen in leukemia]. / Osobennosti struktury i svoistv kollagena pri leikoze.

Collagen I was isolated from human bone tissue and from mice bone tissue of the AKR-50 strain at the pronounced stage of leukosis. Dissimilarity of native and leukemic collagens was exhibited after evaluation of their amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel containing SDS, content of the carbohydrate moiety as well as of isopoints, elution profiles in reverse-phase chromatography and gel filtration and electron microscopy of SLS-crystallites. Impairments of collagen processing in leukemia appear to be responsible for its alterations in structure and properties.

[Immunocytochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies and lectins in the diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. / Immunotsitokhimicheskie metody s ispol'zovaniem monoklonal'nykh antitel i lektinov v diagnostike limfoblastnogo leikoza u detei.

ICO, IPO, LT monoclonal antibodies and lectins were used to study blood cells in 18 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The immunological phenotype has been characterized, and two cytological variants of ALL of T-cell nature, and four variants of ALL of B-cell origin have been distinguished, differing by the degree of blast cell maturity.

[Ultrastructure of bone marrow stroma and endosteum in children with acute leukemia]. / Ul'trastruktura stromy kostnogo mozga i éndosta pri ostrom leikoze u detei.

Ultrastructural peculiarities of stromal elements from bone marrow and endosteum in 28 children with acute leukaemia during clinical and hematological exacerbations are presented. Investigations are conducted before chemotherapy. Changes in ultrastructure of all stromal components are revealed. Of special significance are the data on variations of reticular cells and rough desorganization of fibrillar structures. Disturbances in intercellular contacts between hemopoietic cells and stromal elements are detected.