Zika virus impairs the development of blood vessels in a mouse model of congenital infection.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with brain development abnormalities such as primary microcephaly, a severe reduction in brain growth. Here we demonstrated in vivo the impact of congenital ZIKV infection in blood vessel development, a crucial step in organogenesis. ZIKV was injected intravenously in the pregnant type 2 interferon (IFN)-deficient mouse at embryonic day (E) 12.5. The embryos were collected at E15.5 and postnatal day (P)2. Immunohistochemistry for cortical progenitors and neuronal markers at E15.5 showed the reduction of both populations as a result of ZIKV infection. Using confocal 3D imaging, we found that ZIKV infected brain sections displayed a reduction in the vasculature density and vessel branching compared to mocks at E15.5; altogether, cortical vessels presented a comparatively immature pattern in the infected tissue. These impaired vascular patterns were also apparent in the placenta and retina. Moreover, proteomic analysis has shown that angiogenesis proteins are deregulated in the infected brains compared to controls. At P2, the cortical size and brain weight were reduced in comparison to mock-infected animals. In sum, our results indicate that ZIKV impairs angiogenesis in addition to neurogenesis during development. The vasculature defects represent a limitation for general brain growth but also could regulate neurogenesis directly.

[Extraskeletal primary osteosarcoma of the frontal region]. / Osteossarcoma extra-esquelético primário da região frontal.

BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) in the head as a primary site has seldom been reported and none in the frontal region. METHODS: A 78-year-old Italian man presented with one month history of a frontal soft tissue mass. A CT scan showed a mass of uneven density occupying the subcutaneous soft tissue and involving fascial planes. No primary bone tumor was found. The entire mass was excised. The mass was solid measuring 0.8 x 0.6 x 0.5 cm. Extraskeletal osteoblastic osteosarcoma was diagnosed by light microscopy. The tumor recurred four months after the diagnosis. The tumor was again ressected. The patient was also submitted to low penetration radiation therapy. Nine months after the first biopsy the patient had symptoms due to infiltration to the base of the cranium. He died 10 months after the first biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The first case with ESOS of the frontal region without a pre-existing condition or a history of irradiation is described.

Osteossarcoma extra-esquelético primário da regiäo frontal / Extraskeletal primary osteosarcoma of the frontal region

Objetivo. Osteossarcoma extra-esquelético (OSEE) primário de partes moles da cabeça é raro e näo há, ao que nos parece, relato dele originando na regiäo frontal. Métodos. Homem de 78 anos, italiano, com história de tumoraçäo em partes moles de regiao frontal há um mês. Tomografia computadorizada mostrou massa de densidade irregular ocupando tecido celular subcutâneo e fáscia. Nenhum tumor ósseo foi encontrado. A tumoraçäo foi completamente ressecada, media 0,8x0,6x0,5cm, e a superfície de corte era sólida. Diagnosticou-se osteossarcoma osteoblástico extra-esquelético. A neoplasia recorreu quatro meses após o diagnóstico e foi novamente ressecado. O paciente foi submetido também a radioterapia de baixa penetraçao, e nove meses depois da primeira biópsia tinha sintomas em decorrência da infiltraçäo neoplásica na base do crânio. O óbito ocorreu dez meses após a primeira biópsia. Conclusäo. Os autores descrevem o primeiro caso de OSEE da regiäo frontal sem uma condiçäo preexistente ou história de irradiaçäo.

Lipoma intra-osseo da tibia. Relato de um caso e revisao da literatura. / Intraosseous lipoma of the tibia. A case report and review of the literature

Um caso de lipoma intra-osseo da tibia e apresentado com uma pequena revisao da literatura. A imagem radiologica apresenta-se como lesao osteolitica bem delimitada na porcao proximal da tibia, sem destruicao cortical, com reacao periosteal. O aspecto macroscopico revelou presenca de tecido adiposo com espiculas osseas esparsas. Foi encontrado aspecto histologico tipico de tecido adiposo maduro, com trabeculas osseas degeneradas. O tratamento foi feito a base de curetagem e enxerto osseo autogeno. Este tumor e muito raro e ate o momento menos de 50 casos foram publicados