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Membrane separation stands as an environmentally friendly, high permeance and selectivity, low energy demand process that deserves scientific investigation and industrialization. To address intensive demand, seeking appropriate membrane materials to surpass trade-off between permeability and selectivity and improve stability is on the schedule. 2D materials offer transformational opportunities and a revolutionary platform for researching membrane separation process. Especially, the atomically thin graphene with controllable porosity and structure, as well as unique properties, is widely considered as a candidate for membrane materials aiming to provide extreme stability, exponentially large selectivity combined with high permeability. Currently, it has shown promising opportunities to develop separation membranes to tackle bottlenecks of traditional membranes, and it has been of great interest for tremendously versatile applications such as separation, energy harvesting, and sensing. In this review, starting from transport mechanisms of separation, the material selection bank is narrowed down to nanoporous graphene. The study presents an enlightening overview of very recent developments in the preparation of atomically thin nanoporous graphene and correlates surface properties of such 2D nanoporous materials to their performance in critical separation applications. Finally, challenges related to modulation and manufacturing as well as potential avenues for performance improvements are also pointed out.
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Studies on the interaction between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in redox signaling motivate the development of a sensitive sensing platform for their discriminatory and dynamic detection. Herein, we present a fully integrated microfluidic on-chip electrochemical sensor for the online and simultaneous monitoring of H2S and H2O2 secreted by different biological samples. The sensor utilizes a cicada-wing-like RuCu bimetal-organic framework with uniform nanorods architecture that grows on a flexible carbon fiber microelectrode. Owing to the optimized electronic structural merits and satisfactory electrocatalytic properties, the resultant microelectrode shows remarkable electrochemical sensing performance for sensitive and selective detection of H2S and H2O2 at the same time. The result exhibits low detection limits of 0.5 µM for H2S and 0.1 µM for H2O2, with high sensitivities of 61.93 µA cm-2 mM-1 for H2S, and 75.96 µA cm-2 mM-1 for H2O2. The integration of this biocompatible microelectrode into a custom wireless microfluidic chip enables the construction of a miniature intelligent system for in situ monitoring of H2S and H2O2 released from different living cells to differentiate between cancerous and normal cells. When applied for real-time tracking of H2S and H2O2 secreted by colorectal cancer tissues, it allows the evaluation of their chemotherapeutic efficacy. These findings hold paramount implications for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Dispositivos Lab-On-A-Chip , Limite de Detecção , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/instrumentação , Humanos , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/análise , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/instrumentação , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Microeletrodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Desenho de Equipamento , Nanotubos/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) develops in 30-70% of hospitalized patients with sepsis. In intensive care units (ICUs), propofol is often administered to ensure an appropriate level of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients. Ferroptosis is a newly identified mode of cellular death characterized by the peroxidation of membrane lipids and excessive iron. This study was conducted to explore the interplay between propofol, sepsis, and ferroptosis. METHODS: An acute systemic inflammatory model was constructed via the intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nissl and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining were employed to display neuronal damage and degeneration. Western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) staining of Bax and Bcl-2 were used to confirm the neural apoptosis. QPCR of cytokines and DHE staining were used to indicate neuroinflammation. To validate ferroptosis, we assessed the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH, and tissue iron, accompanied by transcription level of CHAC1, PTGS2 and GPX4. Additionally, we examined the content of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), xCT (SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). The IF staining of Iba1-labeled microglia and GFAP-marked astrocytes were used to measure the gliosis. Erastin was pre-pretreated to confirm the anti-ferroptotic capability of propofol. ML385 was preconditioned to explore the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in propofol-repressed ferroptosis. RESULTS: Propofol dose-dependently inhibited the decrease of Nissl-positive neurons and the increase of FJC-stained neurons in septic hippocampus and cortex. Neural cytokines, oxidative stress, apoptosis and gliosis were reduced by propofol. Propofol repressed the level of MDA, iron, CHAC1, PTGS2, ACLS4 and restored the content of GSH, GPX4, xCT, Nrf2 and HO-1, thus inhibiting sepsis-induced ferroptosis. All protections from propofol could be reversed by eratsin and ML385 pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Propofol protected against sepsis-induced brain damage, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis and gliosis through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis to combat ferroptosis.
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Ferroptose , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2 , Propofol , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferroptose/fisiologia , Propofol/farmacologia , Propofol/uso terapêutico , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Sepse/metabolismo , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Lipopolissacarídeos , Encefalopatia Associada a Sepse/metabolismo , Encefalopatia Associada a Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalopatia Associada a Sepse/prevenção & controle , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Heme Oxigenase (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Lesões Encefálicas/metabolismo , Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Coenzima A Ligases , Sistema y+ de Transporte de AminoácidosRESUMO
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have produced external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of more than 25% with narrowband emission1,2, but these LEDs have limited operating lifetimes. We posit that poor long-range ordering in perovskite QD films-variations in dot size, surface ligand density and dot-to-dot stacking-inhibits carrier injection, resulting in inferior operating stability because of the large bias required to produce emission in these LEDs. Here we report a chemical treatment to improve the long-range order of perovskite QD films: the diffraction intensity from the repeating QD units increases three-fold compared with that of controls. We achieve this using a synergistic dual-ligand approach: an iodide-rich agent (aniline hydroiodide) for anion exchange and a chemically reactive agent (bromotrimethylsilane) that produces a strong acid that in situ dissolves smaller QDs to regulate size and more effectively removes less conductive ligands to enable compact, uniform and defect-free films. These films exhibit high conductivity (4 × 10-4 S m-1), which is 2.5-fold higher than that of the control, and represents the highest conductivity recorded so far among perovskite QDs. The high conductivity ensures efficient charge transportation, enabling red perovskite QD-LEDs that generate a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2 at a record-low voltage of 2.8 V. The EQE at this luminance is more than 20%. Furthermore, the stability of the operating device is 100 times better than previous red perovskite LEDs at EQEs of more than 20%.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the independent risk factors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with sepsis, establish an early warning model, and verify the predictive value of the model based on synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. 566 patients with sepsis who were admitted to Jinan People's Hospital from October 2016 to October 2022 were enrolled. General information, underlying diseases, infection sites, initial cause, severity scores, blood and arterial blood gas analysis indicators at admission, treatment measures, complications, and prognosis indicators of patients were collected. The patients were grouped according to whether ARDS occurred during hospitalization, and the clinical data between the two groups were observed and compared. Univariate and binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to select the independent risk factors of ARDS during hospitalization in septic patients, and regression equation was established to construct the early warning model. Simultaneously, the dataset was improved using the SMOTE algorithm to build an enhanced warning model. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to validate the prediction efficiency of the model. RESULTS: 566 patients with sepsis were included in the final analysis, of which 163 developed ARDS during hospitalization and 403 did not. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), malignant tumor, blood transfusion history, pancreas and peripancreatic infection, gastrointestinal tract infection, pulmonary infection as the initial etiology, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, albumin (Alb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), mechanical ventilation therapy, septic shock and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay between the two groups. Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 3.449, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 2.197-5.414, P = 0.000], pulmonary infection as the initial etiology (OR = 2.309, 95%CI was 1.427-3.737, P = 0.001), pancreas and peripancreatic infection (OR = 1.937, 95%CI was 1.236-3.035, P = 0.004), septic shock (OR = 3.381, 95%CI was 1.890-6.047, P = 0.000), SOFA score (OR = 9.311, 95%CI was 5.831-14.867, P = 0.000) were independent influencing factors of ARDS during hospitalization in septic patients. An early warning model was established based on the above risk factors: P1 = -4.558+1.238×age+0.837×pulmonary infection as the initial etiology+0.661×pancreas and peripancreatic infection+1.218×septic shock+2.231×SOFA score. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model for ARDS during hospitalization in septic patients was 0.882 (95%CI was 0.851-0.914) with sensitivity of 79.8% and specificity of 83.4%. The dataset was improved based on the SMOTE algorithm, and the early warning model was rebuilt: P2 = -3.279+1.288×age+0.763×pulmonary infection as the initial etiology+0.635×pancreas and peripancreatic infection+1.068×septic shock+2.201×SOFA score. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the model for ARDS during hospitalization in septic patients was 0.890 (95%CI was 0.867-0.913) with sensitivity of 85.3% and specificity of 79.1%. This result further confirmed that the early warning model constructed by the independent risk factors mentioned above had high predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for the occurrence of ARDS during hospitalization in patients with sepsis include age, pulmonary infection as the initial etiology, pancreatic and peripancreatic infection, septic shock, and SOFA score. Clinically, the probability of ARDS in patients with sepsis can be assessed based on the warning model established using these risk factors, allowing for early intervention and improvement of prognosis.
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Algoritmos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório , Sepse , Humanos , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco , Prognóstico , Modelos Logísticos , Curva ROC , Feminino , Masculino , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
This study conducted a comparison of the effects of non-protein nitrogen with different acid-base properties on feed intake, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and antioxidant capacity in fattening Hu sheep. Sixteen fattening male sheep (31.43 ± 2.41 kg) with permanent rumen cannulas were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: 1% urea and 1.78% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, AC). A 42 days experimental period was conducted, with 14 days for adaptation and 28 days for treatment. Daily feed intake was recorded and various samples including feed, feces, rumen fluid, and blood were collected at different time points during the final week. The results indicated that the urea group had significantly higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and gain efficiency in comparison to the AC group (p < 0.01). There was no difference in rumen pH and concentration of ammonia nitrogen between different groups (p > 0.05), but the rumen pH of urea group was higher than that of the AC group at 1 and 3 h after feeding (p < 0.05). The urea group exhibited higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and individual VFAs compared to the AC group at all-time points (p < 0.01). Compared to the urea group, the intake of all nutrients decreased in the AC group (p < 0.01), but the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter increased significantly (p < 0.01), and the digestibility of CP had an increasing trend (p = 0.06) in the AC group. Additionally, the urea group had lower levels of serum glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, Cl, total protein and globulin than the AC group (p < 0.05). The overall levels of HCO3-, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, albumin/globulin, blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol in the urea group increased significantly compared to the AC group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that adding urea to the high-concentrate diet resulted in increased rumen pH and improved rumen fermentation and growth performance in fattening sheep compared to NH4Cl addition. Furthermore, urea addition improved sheep's antioxidant capacity and maintained their acid-base balance more effectively as compared to NH4Cl.
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Background: Sepsis is recognized as a multiorgan and systemic damage caused by dysregulated host response to infection. Its acute systemic inflammatory response highly resembles that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. Propofol and dexmedetomidine are two commonly used sedatives for mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients and have been reported to alleviate cognitive impairment in many diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore and compare the effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine on the encephalopathy induced by endotoxemia and to investigate whether ferroptosis is involved, finally providing experimental evidence for multi-drug combination in septic sedation. Methods: A total of 218 C57BL/6J male mice (20-25 g, 6-8 weeks) were used. Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed to evaluate whether propofol and dexmedetomidine attenuated LPS-induced cognitive deficits. Brain injury was evaluated using Nissl and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining. Neuroinflammation was assessed by dihydroethidium (DHE) and DCFH-DA staining and by measuring the levels of three cytokines. The number of Iba1+ and GFAP+ cells was used to detect the activation of microglia and astrocytes. To explore the involvement of ferroptosis, the levels of ptgs2 and chac1; the content of iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH); and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins were investigated. Conclusion: The single use of propofol and dexmedetomidine mitigated LPS-induced cognitive impairment, while the combination showed poor performance. In alleviating endotoxemic neural loss and degeneration, the united sedative group exhibited the most potent capability. Both propofol and dexmedetomidine inhibited neuroinflammation, while propofol's effect was slightly weaker. All sedative groups reduced the neural apoptosis, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and relieved neurologic ferroptosis. The combined group was most prominent in combating genetic and biochemical alterations of ferroptosis. Fpn1 may be at the core of endotoxemia-related ferroptosis activation.
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Dexmedetomidina , Endotoxemia , Ferroptose , Lipopolissacarídeos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Propofol , Dexmedetomidina/farmacologia , Animais , Propofol/farmacologia , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Masculino , Endotoxemia/tratamento farmacológico , Endotoxemia/metabolismo , Endotoxemia/induzido quimicamente , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Encefalopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalopatias/metabolismo , Encefalopatias/patologia , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is considered the main cause of granulosa cell apoptosis in ovarian disease. Curcumin has various biological roles, but its potential role in protecting granulosa cells from oxidative damage remains unidentified. PURPOSE: The study revealed the protective effect of curcumin on granulosa cell survival under oxidative stress, and explored its mode of action. STUDY DESIGN: The protective effect of curcumin on oxidative stress-induced ovarian cell apoptosis was evaluated in vivo and in vitro, and the role of autophagy and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in this process was also demonstrated. METHODS: First, mice were injected to 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA, 20 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days to establish the ovarian oxidative stress model, at same time, curcumin (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day) was given orally. Thereafter, functional changes, cell apoptosis, and autophagy in ovarian tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, TUNEL assays, and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, oxidative stress model of granulosa cells was established with H2O2in vitro and treated with curcumin. The underlying mechanisms of curcumin to protect the apoptosis under oxidative stress in vitro were determined using western blotting and TUNEL assays. RESULTS: In our study, after curcumin treatment, the mouse ovarian function disorder under 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress recovered significantly, and ovarian cell apoptosis decreased. H2O2 induced granulosa cell apoptosis in vitro, and curcumin antagonized this process. Autophagy contributes to tissue and cell survival under stress. We therefore examined the role of autophagy in this process. According to the in vivo and in vitro results, curcumin restored autophagy under oxidative stress. The autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) exhibited the same effect as curcumin, whereas the autophagy activator (rapamycin) antagonized the effect of curcumin. In addition, the study found that the AMPK/mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in curcumin- mediated autophagy to protect against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Our findings for the first time systematically revealed a new mechanism through which curcumin protects ovarian granulosa cells from oxidative stress-induced damage through AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy and suggested that it can be a new therapeutic direction for female ovarian diseases.
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Autofagia , Curcumina , Ovário , Estresse Oxidativo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Curcumina/farmacologia , Células da Granulosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Nitrocompostos , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Propionatos/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/efeitos dos fármacos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
Alloying lanthanide ions (Yb3+) into perovskite quantum dots (Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1-xBrx)3) is an effective method to achieve efficient near-infrared (NIR) luminescence (>950 nm). Increasing the Yb3+ alloying ratio in the perovskite matrix enhances the luminescence intensity of Yb3+ emission at 990 nm. However, high Yb3+ alloying (>15%) results in vacancy-induced inferior material stability. In this work, we developed a polarity-mediated antisolvent manipulation strategy to resolve the incompatibility between a high Yb3+ alloying ratio and inferior stability of Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1-xBrx)3. Precise control of solution polarity enables increased uniformity of the perovskite matrix with fewer trap densities. Employing this strategy, we obtain Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1-xBrx)3 with the highest Yb3+ alloying ratio of 30.2% and a 2-fold higher electroluminescence intensity at 990 nm. We lever the engineered Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1-xBrx)3 to fabricate NIR-LEDs, achieving a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.5% at 990 nm: this represents the highest among perovskite NIR-LEDs with an emission wavelength above 950 nm.
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We conducted this study aimed to explore the effect of operating room nursing intervention on wound infection in patients undergoing ovarian cysts surgery. A computer system was used to search PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, from database inception to October 2023, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of operating room nursing intervention to ovarian cyst surgery. Literature that met the requirements was independently screened by two researchers, and data were extracted and assessed for literature quality. RevMan 5.4 software was applied for data analysis. Fifteen RCTs involving 1187 patients were finally included. The analyses revealed that, compared with routine nursing, the implementation of operating room nursing intervention had a significant advantage in reducing the incidence of wound infections (1.17% vs. 5.44%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15-0.58, p = 0.0004) and postoperative complications (6.34% vs. 25.17%, OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.13-0.29, p < 0.00001), as well as being able to shorten the operative time (standardised mean difference [SMD]: -3.93, 95%CI: -5.67 to -2.20, p < 0.00001), hospital length of stay (SMD: -2.54, 95%CI: -3.19 to -1.89, p < 0.00001) and gastrointestinal recovery time (SMD: -1.61, 95%CI: -2.24 to -0.98, p < 0.00001) in patients undergoing ovarian cysts surgery. This study confirmed by meta-analysis that the operating room nursing intervention can significantly reduce the incidence of wound infection and complications, shorten the operative time, gastrointestinal recovery time, and hospital length of stay after ovarian cyst surgery.
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Enfermagem de Centro Cirúrgico , Cistos Ovarianos , Infecção dos Ferimentos , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Enfermagem Perioperatória , Cistos Ovarianos/cirurgiaRESUMO
Abnormal function and fibrosis of endometrium caused by cows' endometritis pose difficult implantation of embryos and uterine cavity adhesions. 17ß-Estradiol (E2) serves as the most effective aromatized estrogen, and its synthetase and receptors have been detected in the endometrium. Studies have demonstrated the positive role of estrogen in combating pathological fibrosis in diverse diseases. However, it is still unknown whether E2 regulates endometrium fibrosis in bovine endometritis. Herein, we evaluated the expression patterns of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related proteins (α-SMA, vimentin N-cadherin and E-cadherin), cytochrome P450 19A1 (CYP19A1), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in bovine healthy endometrium and Inflammatory endometrium. Our data showed that the inflamed endometrium presented low CYP19A1 and GPER expression, and significantly higher EMT process versus the normal tissue. Moreover, we established a TGF-ß1-induced fibrosis model in BEND cells, and found that E2 inhibited the EMT process of BEND cells in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-fibrotic effect of E2 was blocked by the GPER inhibitor G15, but not the estrogen nuclear receptors (ERs) inhibitor ICI182780. Moreover, the GPER agonist G1 inhibited fibrosis and Smad2/3 phosphorylation but increased the expression of TGFBR3 in BEND cells. Transfection with TGFBR3 small interfering RNA blocked the effect of G1 on fibrosis of BEND cells and upregulated the expression of P-Smad2/3. Our in vivo data also showed that E2 and G1 affected uterus fibrosis in mice endometritis model caused by LPS, which was associated with the inhibition of TGFBR3/Smad2/3 signaling. In conclusion, our data implied that E2 alleviates the fibrosis of TGF-ß1-induced BEND cells, which is associated with the GPER mediation of TGFBR3/Smad2/3 signaling.
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Endometrite , Estradiol , Proteoglicanas , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1 , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Camundongos , Endometrite/metabolismo , Endométrio/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estrogênios/metabolismo , Fibrose , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Proteínas Smad/metabolismoRESUMO
Zearalenone (ZEN), a non-steroidal estrogenic fungal toxin widely present in forage, food, and their ingredients, poses a serious threat to animal and human reproductive health. ZEN also threatens ovine, a major source of human food and breeding stock. However, the mechanisms underlying the impact of ZEN on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of ovine oocytes remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms using the Smart-seq2 technology. A total of 146 differentially expressed genes were obtained, using Smart-seq2, from sheep oocytes cultured in vitro after ZEN treatment. ZEN treatment inhibited RUNX2 and SPP1 expression in the PI3K signaling pathway, leading to the downregulation of THBS1 and ultimately the downregulation of TNFAIP6; ZEN can also decrease TNFAIP6 by reducing PTPRC and ITGAM. Both inhibit in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes and proliferation of cumulus cells by downregulating TNFAIP6. These findings provide data and a theoretical basis for elucidating ZEN's toxicity mechanisms, screening therapeutic drugs, and reducing ZEN-related losses in the ovine industry.
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Estrogênios não Esteroides , Zearalenona , Feminino , Animais , Ovinos , Humanos , Zearalenona/toxicidade , Zearalenona/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Oócitos/fisiologia , Estrogênios não Esteroides/toxicidade , Células do Cúmulo/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismoRESUMO
Colloidal assembly of anisotropic particles holds great promise for achieving diverse packing geometries and unique photonic properties. One intriguing candidate for anisotropic self-assembly is colloidal metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which possess remarkable characteristics including substantial surface areas, tunable chemical properties, a wide range of structural variations, and diverse polyhedral shapes. In this study, the colloidal assembly of nearly spherical and polyhedral MOFs particles to form quasi-ordered photonic superstructures was investigated. Specifically, monodisperse near-spherical ZIF-8 (NSZIF-8) and rhombic dodecahedron ZIF-8 (RDZIF-8) colloidal nanoparticles were synthesized as the fundamental building blocks. These nanoparticles are employed to construct MOFs-based self-assembled superstructures that exhibit thin-film interference optical properties. Importantly, these superstructures demonstrate exceptional responsiveness to gaseous homologues and isomers with approximate refractive indices. The dynamic reflection spectral patterns exhibited by these superstructures provide valuable insights into the diffusion rates and surface tension characteristics of the target solvents. These findings underscore the potential of MOFs-based superstructure thin films to discriminate between physiochemically similar solvents, opening new avenues for applications in various fields.
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Single-crystal graphene (SCG) wafers are needed to enable mass-electronics and optoelectronics owing to their excellent properties and compatibility with silicon-based technology. Controlled synthesis of high-quality SCG wafers can be done exploiting single-crystal Cu(111) substrates as epitaxial growth substrates recently. However, current Cu(111) films prepared by magnetron sputtering on single-crystal sapphire wafers still suffer from in-plane twin boundaries, which degrade the SCG chemical vapor deposition. Here, it is shown how to eliminate twin boundaries on Cu and achieve 4 in. Cu(111) wafers with ≈95% crystallinity. The introduction of a temperature gradient on Cu films with designed texture during annealing drives abnormal grain growth across the whole Cu wafer. In-plane twin boundaries are eliminated via migration of out-of-plane grain boundaries. SCG wafers grown on the resulting single-crystal Cu(111) substrates exhibit improved crystallinity with >97% aligned graphene domains. As-synthesized SCG wafers exhibit an average carrier mobility up to 7284 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature from 103 devices and a uniform sheet resistance with only 5% deviation in 4 in. region.
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The measurement of seed cotton moisture regain (MR) during harvesting operations is an open and challenging problem. In this study, a new method for resistive sensing of seed cotton MR measurement based on pressure compensation is proposed. First, an experimental platform was designed. After that, the change of cotton bale parameters during the cotton picker packaging process was simulated through the experimental platform, and the correlations among the compression volume, compression density, contact pressure, and conductivity of seed cotton were analyzed. Then, support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), and a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) were employed to build seed cotton MR prediction models. Finally, the performance of the method was evaluated through the experimental platform test. The results showed that there was a weak correlation between contact pressure and compression volume, while there was a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between contact pressure and compression density. Moreover, the nonlinear mathematical models exhibited better fitting performance than the linear mathematical models in describing the relationships among compression density, contact pressure, and conductivity. The comparative analysis results of the three MR prediction models showed that the BPNN algorithm had the highest prediction accuracy, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.986 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.204%. The mean RMSE and mean coefficient of variation (CV) of the performance evaluation test results were 0.20% and 2.22%, respectively. Therefore, the method proposed in this study is reliable. In addition, the study will provide a technical reference for the accurate and rapid measurement of seed cotton MR during harvesting operations.
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Resurfacing perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with tight-binding and conductive ligands to resolve the dynamic ligands-surface interaction is the fundamental issue for their applications in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Although various types of surface ligands have been proposed, these ligands either exhibit weak Lewis acid/base interactions or need high polar solvents for dissolution and passivation, resulting in a compromise in the efficiency and stability of PeLEDs. Herein, we report a chemically reactive agent (Iodotrimethylsilane, TMIS) to address the trade-off among conductivity, solubility and passivation using all-inorganic CsPbI3 NCs. The liquid TMIS ensures good solubility in non-polar solvents and reacts with oleate ligands and produces in situ HI for surface etching and passivation, enabling strong-binding ligands on the NCs surface. We report, as a result, red PeLEDs with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈23 %, which is 11.2-fold higher than the control, and is among the highest CsPbI3 PeLEDs. We further demonstrate the universality of this ligand strategy in the pure bromide system (CsPbBr3 ), and report EQE of ≈20 % at 640, 652, and 664â nm. This represents the first demonstration of a chemically reactive ligand strategy that applies to different systems and works effectively in red PeLEDs spanning emission from pure-red to deep-red.
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Postoperative recurrence frequently occurs in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) due to residual microtumors and host cellular immune dysfunction, leading to major setbacks in clinical outcomes and CRC staging. As an increasingly prevalent therapeutic option for CRC patients, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy bears unmet challenges of limited tumor targeting and common side effects of gastrointestinal reaction and radiodermatitis. It is highly desirable to develop neoadjuvant treatment paradigms that impart both tumor-targeting accuracy and protection against recurrence of resectable CRC. Here we report a versatile photo-regulated nanoagonist of plasmonic gold blackbody (AuPB) with a polydopamine (PDA) coating carrying manganese ion (Mn2+) payloads (AuPB@PDA/Mn). When armed with second near-infrared (NIR-II) light, AuPB@PDA/Mn with broad-band localized surface plasmon resonance generates local hyperthermia and discharges Mn2+ ions, which evidently amplify the effects of immunogenic cell death in tumor cells and activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes pathway in dendritic cells (DCs), hence potentiating the maturation of DC and the secretion of type I interferon in a synergistic way. Matured DCs undertake the task of tumor antigen presentation as the crosstalk to adaptive immunity. As such, the administration of AuPB@PDA/Mn coupled with NIR-II laser irradiation has eminently augmented the infiltration of CD8+ T cells as well as the development of memory CD8+ T cells in colorectal tumor models, substantiating enhanced immunomodulatory efficacy against primary and recurrent CRC. Our strategy highlights the potency of an integrated NIR-II photothermal and immunoregulatory modality by photo-activate delivery of Mn2+ ions, as a neoadjuvant paradigm for presurgical tumor debulking and against postoperative tumor recurrence.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias , Humanos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Fótons , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
ConspectusSelf-assembly bridges nanoscale and microscale colloidal particles into macroscale functional materials. In particular, self-assembly processes occurring at the liquid/liquid or solid/liquid/air interfaces hold great promise in constructing large-scale two- or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) architectures. Interaction of colloidal particles in the assemblies leads to emergent collective properties not found in individual building blocks, offering a much larger parameter space to tune the material properties. Interfacial self-assembly methods are rapid, cost-effective, scalable, and compatible with existing fabrication technologies, thus promoting widespread interest in a broad range of research fields.Surface chemistry of nanoparticles plays a predominant role in driving the self-assembly of nanoparticles at water/oil interfaces. Amphiphilic nanoparticles coated with mixed polymer brushes or mussel-inspired polydopamine were demonstrated to self-assemble into closely packed thin films, enabling diverse applications from electrochemical sensors and catalysis to surface-enhanced optical properties. Interfacial assemblies of amphiphilic gold nanoparticles were integrated with graphene paper to obtain flexible electrodes in a modular approach. The robust, biocompatible electrodes with exceptional electrocatalytic activities showed excellent sensitivity and reproducibility in biosensing. Recyclable catalysts were prepared by transferring monolayer assemblies of polydopamine-coated nanocatalysts to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. The immobilized catalysts were easily recovered and recycled without loss of catalytic activity. Plasmonic nanoparticles were self-assembled into a plasmonic substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, metal-enhanced fluorescence, and modulated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Strong Raman enhancement was accomplished by rationally directing the Raman probes to the electromagnetic hotspots. Optimal enhancement of fluorescence and FRET was realized by precisely controlling the spacing between the metal surface and the fluorophores and tuning the surface plasmon resonance wavelength of the self-assembled substrate to match the optical properties of the fluorescent dye.At liquid/solid interfaces, infiltration-assisted (IFAST) colloidal self-assembly introduces liquid infiltration in the substrate as a new factor to control the degree of order of the colloidal assemblies. The strong infiltration flow leads to the formation of amorphous colloidal arrays that display noniridescent structural colors. This method is compatible with a broad range of colloidal particle inks, and any solid substrate that is permeable to dispersing liquids but particle-excluding is suitable for IFAST colloidal assembly. Therefore, the IFAST technology offers rapid, scalable fabrication of structural color patterns of diverse colloidal particles with full-spectrum coverage and unprecedented flexibility. Metal-organic framework particles with either spherical or polyhedral morphology were used as ink particles in the Mayer rod coating on wettability patterned photopapers, leading to amorphous photonic structures with vapor-responsive colors. Anticounterfeiting labels have also been developed based on the complex optical features encoded in the photonic structures.Interfacial colloidal self-assembly at the water/oil interface and IFAST assembly at the solid/liquid/air interface have proven to be versatile fabrication platforms to produce functional materials with well-defined properties for diverse applications. These platform technologies are promising in the manufacturing of value-added functional materials.
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Background: Previous studies of factors associated with prolonged duration of ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block have included multiple surgical procedures or multiple anesthetic approaches, all of which are important confounders, and there is no study based on a single method of anesthesia exploring the factors affecting the resolution of brachial plexus block during upper limb surgery, especially in Asians. This study aimed to identify the risk factors affecting the prolonged duration of US-guided brachial plexus block in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II grade patients to improve postoperative analgesia. Methods: This study enrolled patients scheduled to undergo surgery for upper limb fracture in Anting Hospital, Shanghai from May 2021 to September 2021. Inclusion criteria: (I) patients aged 18 years and above; (II) ASA I-II grade patients; (III) success of US-guided brachial plexus block. Based on the median duration of brachial plexus block, patients were divided into a <5-hour group and a ≥5-hour group. The factors were selected base on previous studies conclution and clinical demographic characteristics of patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate relevant influencing factors. Results: A total of 129 patients (51.2% males; 51.01±16.54 years old) were analyzed. The duration of brachial plexus block was 2-12 hours, with a median duration of 5.09 hours. Multivariable analysis suggested that age 40-49 years [odds ratio (OR): 4.841; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.033 to 22.695; P=0.045], 50-59 years (OR: 4.730, 95% CI: 1.149 to 19.474; P=0.031), 60 years (OR: 8.540; 95% CI: 1.605 to 45.449; P=0.012), gender (OR: 3.314; 95% CI: 1.330 to 8.257; P=0.010), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; OR: 5.817, 95% CI: 1.509 to 22.472; P=0.011), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 (OR: 22.700; 95% CI: 1.994 to 198.386; P=0.012) were the risk factors for the duration of brachial plexus block. Conclusions: It is advisable to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time when using ropivacaine in upper limb fracture surgery patients with elevated ALT (≥40 U/L) and lower GFR (<60 mL/min) in male patients aged ≥60 years.