Optimization of Cyber Tactics in Sports Strategies Using Hybrid AI Decision-Making Technologies.

One of the main problems of modern research concerns the optimal design of solutions to address cybersecurity problems, with methods that provide the ability to choose an objective function different from that of the classic problem of more economical design while allowing the use of constraints on any possible variable during planning, including financial resources. The number of corresponding solutions concerns the issue of optimal design of security strategies with a simulation that lies in game theory, with players, the defender on one side defending the system managing the available options of strategic solutions, and the attacker, who chooses the way to strike the system, based on some attack scenarios that cannot be easily predicted. The inherent difficulty of implementing the proposed solutions lies in the combined explosion of all possible combinations that make up the solution space, the complete examination of which requires a lot of computational time and computing resources, to the point that their use becomes unprofitable. This weakness is attributed to even minor problems, and the possible strategies available to the defender are finite but at the same time numerous. To solve the abovementioned problem, the work proposes a hybrid system that aims to identify the best possible approach in the theoretically optimal solution in a short time and with minimal computing resources. Specifically, a heuristic optimization methodology is used with overlapping answers between two contiguous neighborhoods based on the Bloom Filters structure that supports fast listings and searches. This methodology, which is evaluated in optimizing safety strategies in the sports industry, brings about 40% optimization.

Combining AI Techniques for Recognizing Aerobics Sport Videos.

In order to improve the recognition accuracy of aerobics athletes' action features, a multifeature fusion-supported aerobics footprint recognition framework was proposed in this work. By extracting and constructing the 3D peripheral structure reconstruction scheme of the concept of aerobics footprint, we combine the fuzzy feature decomposition method to decompose the aerobics footprint image with multi-pane and suggest fusion. We further realize the similarity identification of aerobics athlete's trajectory through the wear polymorphic liquefaction method. Simulation results have shown that our proposed method has better effect on the similarity recognition of bodybuilders' footprints, a higher accuracy of behavior location, a satisfactory notification time, and an accurate recognition of bodybuilders' footprints. Experiments have shown that our designed system has a small mean square error of aerobics movements and a confirmation of absolute failure. It also has a high recognition fidelity. Noticeably, the reason for the difficulty of aerobics coordination of 10 athletes and the confusion of actual coordination is small, and the accuracy of the Beer effect is high. Our method can be applied for body building, and it can provide the foundation for Game Bill.

Why flowers close at noon? A case study of an alpine species Gentianopsis paludosa (Gentianaceae).

Repeatable floral closure with diurnal rhythms, that is, flower opening in the morning and closing in the evening, was widely reported. However, the rhythm of flower opening in the morning but closing in the midday received much less attention. Gentianopsis paludosa, Gentianaceae, has an obvious petal movement rhythm opening in the morning and closing at noon at northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we examined the effects of temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and illumination intensity (II) on G. paludosa's flower closure. Furthermore, we monitored the environmental changes inside and outside of the flowers, aiming to test the effect of floral closure on the stability of microenvironment inside the flower. Finally, we artificially interrupted temporal petal closure and investigated its effects on reproductive fitness. The results showed that high/low temperature contributed more to the flower closure than low RH, while illumination intensity had no significant effect on it. The medium temperature, relative humidity and illumination intensity (environmental conditions at 10:00) did not delay flower closure when flowers at pre-closing period or stimulate reopen when flowers full closed. Floral closure provided a stable temperature condition and a higher RH condition inside the flower. Meanwhile, compulsive opening and delayed closure of flowers decreased the seed-set ratio while no effect was found when flowers were forced to close. We conclude that endogenous rhythm regulates floral closure. The rhythm of petal movement providing a stable microenvironment for G. paludosa, increasing the seed production and saving energy from flower opening maintenance, which might be an adaptive strategy to against unfavorable environmental conditions.

Influence of gain or absorption media on transmission of partially coherent vortex beams.

The results show that the larger the real part of the wave number is, the farther the transmission of PCVBs with hollow distribution will be. The expression of partially coherent vortex beams passing through a gain/absorption medium is derived in this paper based on the generalized Huygens-Fresnel principle. The influences of the refractive index (related to the real part of the wave number) and the gain/absorption characteristics (related to the imaginary part of the wave number) on the transmission of partially coherence vortex beams are investigated. The results show that the larger the real part of the wave number is, the farther the transmission of PCVBs with hollow distribution will be. In gain media, the light power keeps increasing; on the other hand, in absorption media, the light power keeps decreasing. The diffraction effect of the media on the intensity distribution also is mentioned. We discover that, during the transmission, the evolutions of the spectral degree of coherence relate to the real and imaginary parts of the wave number, and the coherence vortices can split and generate. We believe the results of this study are important to the fields of singular optics and optical communications.

FOXN4 Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression By Direct Activation Of P53.

BACKGROUND: Fork head domain-containing gene family (Fox) transcription factors, consisting of over 20 members, are involved in the progression of certain types of tumor. However, whether FOXN4 is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is still unclear. PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological significance and the underlying mechanism of FOXN4 in breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the lower expression of FOXN4 in breast cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. The expression of FOXN4 is negatively correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay, we revealed that FOXN4 notably decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in vitro. In addition, quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays determined that FOXN4 was able to directly bind with the promoter of P53. RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis showed that FOXN4 could directly activate P53 expression. Functionally, P53 knockdown rescued the tumor inhibition effects of FOXN4 in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION: The present study provides new insights into the role of FOXN4 in breast cancer progression and suggests FOXN4 might represent a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer by modulating P53.

FOXN2 is downregulated in breast cancer and regulates migration, invasion, and epithelial- mesenchymal transition through regulation of SLUG.

INTRODUCTION: Forkhead box (FOX) N2 (FOXN2), a member of FOX protein family, has been reported to play critical roles in some types of cancers. However, the expression and function of FOXN2 in breast cancer remain unclear. METHODS: In the present work, we explored the detailed molecular mechanism of FOXN2 in breast cancer. We performed RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis to detect the expression of FOXN2 in breast cancer. Colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay were used to determine the effect of FOXN2 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in breast cancer. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that FOXN2 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of FOXN2 was correlated with tumor size, pathological grade, and lymph node metastasis. The in vitro experiments revealed that the ectopic expression of FOXN2 significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of breast cancer cells, and inhibition of FOXN2 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of FOXN2 facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through regulation of SLUG. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results showed for the first time that FOXN2 plays an essential role in cell proliferation and invasion. Thus, FOXN2 may be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.

Downregulation of FOXO6 in breast cancer promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and facilitates migration and proliferation of cancer cells.

PURPOSE: Increasing evidence indicates that members of forkhead transcription factor family (FOXO) play key roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis in multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of FOXO6 was not yet known. The aim of our work is to investigate the function of FOXO6 in breast cancer. METHODS: In the present study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses were used to detect the expression of FOXO6 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. RESULTS: The results revealed that FOXO6 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, compared with adjacent normal tissues and MCF-10A cells, respectively. Moreover, the expression of FOXO6 was associated with the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicator proteins, such as E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Additionally, our findings suggested that FOXO6 expression was negatively associated with tumor size (p=0.002), pathological grade (p=0.018) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.003). Sirt6 has been found to promote cell proliferation and metastasis in several cancers, and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays indicated FOXO6 transcriptionally regulated Sirt6 expression. Furthermore, various functional experiments, including wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay, colony formation assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, revealed that FOXO6 suppressed cell migration, invasion, and proliferation of breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, FOXO6 serves as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, and suppresses EMT through regulation of Sirt6.

Guajadial inhibits NSCLC growth and migration following activation of the VEGF receptor-2.

Guajadial, one of natural dialdehyde meroterpenoids, demonstrated significant antineoplasmic activity. The present research was to investigate the inhibitory effects of guajadial by using two NSCLC cells (A549 and H1650) proliferation and migration. Western blotting was employed to explore the underlying mechanisms of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)2-mediated. This research indicated that guajadial not only inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and migration but also suppress tumor growth in human NSCLC xenograft mouse models. It is also suggested that guajadial inhibited A549 proliferation via blocking the Ras/MAPK pathway.

Dynamic evolution of circular edge dislocations in free space and atmospheric turbulence.

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the analytical expressions for the cross-spectral density function of circular edge dislocation beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence and free space have been derived, and used to study the dynamic evolution of circular edge dislocations. It is shown that the number of circular edge dislocations on propagation equals that at the source plane when propagating through free space. The radius of circular edge dislocations increases with increasing propagation distance z. n-circular edge dislocations vanish and transform to n pairs of optical vortices with the opposite topological charge when propagating through atmospheric turbulence, and the position of each pair of optical vortices are symmetric about the slanted axis y = x. All the optical vortices will annihilate as soon as the propagation distance becomes large enough. The smaller radius of circular edge dislocation corresponds with the sooner annihilation of optical vortices. The structure constant affects the annihilation distance of the pairs of optical vortices, and the annihilation distance of the pairs of optical vortices will increase with the decrement of the structure constant.

Influence of non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence on the beam quality of vortex beams.

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the definition of second-order moments of the Wigner distribution function (WDF), the analytical expressions for the propagation factors (M2-factors) and Strehl ratio SR of the Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) vortex beams and GSM non-vortex beams propagation through non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence are derived, and used to study the influence of non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence on beam quality of the GSM vortex beams. It is shown that the smaller the generalized structure constant and the outer scale of turbulence are, and the bigger the inner scale of turbulence is, the smaller the normalized propagation factor is, the bigger the Strehl ratio is, and the better the beam quality of GSM vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence is. The variation of beam quality with the generalized exponent α is nonmonotonic, when α = 3.11, the beam quality of the GSM vortex beams is the poorest through non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence. GSM vortex beams is less affected by turbulence than GSM non-vortex beams under certain condition, and will be useful in long-distance free-space optical communications.

Classification of coherent vortices creation and distance of topological charge conservation in non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence.

The analytical expressions for the cross-spectral density function of partially coherent sinh-Gaussian (ShG) vortex beams propagating through free space and non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence are derived, and used to study the classification of coherent vortices creation and distance of topological charge conservation. With the increment of the general structure constant and the waist width, as well as the decrement of the general exponent, the inner scale of turbulence and spatial correlation length, the distance of topological charge conservation will decrease, whereas the outer scale of turbulence and the Sh-part parameter have no effect on the distance of topological charge conservation. According to the creation, the coherent vortices are grouped into three classes: the first is the inherent coherent vortices of the vortex beams, the second is created by the vortex beams when propagating through free space, and the third is created by the atmospheric turbulence inducing the vortex beams.

Theoretical study of local environment of Mn(2+) in two different tetragonal sites in Cs(2)NaLaCl(6) elpasolite.

A theoretical method for investigating the inter-relation between the electronic and the molecular structures of a 3d(5) ion in a tetragonal ligand-field has been established on the basis of a 252×252 complete energy matrix. By means of this method, the local lattice structures of Mn(2+) in two different tetragonal sites in Cs2NaLaCl6 elpasolite are determined by the experimental EPR spectra. The Mn(2+)-Cl(-) distances have been obtained as: R1=3.2803Å, R2=2.6495Å for (MnCl6)La cluster, and R1=3.4558Å, R2=2.5111Å for (MnCl6)Na cluster in the Cs2NaLaCl6:Mn(2+) system. And our results show R1>R2 for each cluster, which exhibits an elongation distortion relative to the regular octahedron. And the elongation magnitude of a tetragonal (MnCl6)Na cluster is larger than that of a (MnCl6)La cluster in the Cs2NaLaCl6:Mn(2+) system. Using this method, our calculation values of EPR parameters are well accordant with the experimental values.

Theoretical studies of EPR spectra and defect structure for Er3+ center in lithium niobate.

The optical and EPR spectra of octahedral Er(3+) center in LiNbO(3) have been studied by diagonalizing 364 x 364 complete energy matrices. The new set of crystal-field parameters that can well account for the Stark levels and EPR parameters have been obtained for Er(3+) ions in LiNbO(3). Simultaneously, by simulating the most reliable six-order parameter B(60) obtained, we have presented the evidence that the Er(3+) ions do not occupy the actual Li(+) site, but have a displacement along the C(3)-axis away from the Li(+) center by about 0.0454 nm. The conclusion is well in accord with that drawn by earlier workers.