2D/4D Finger Length Ratio in the Screening of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a relationship between the 2nd finger and 4th finger length measurement ratios and developmental dysplasia of the Hip (DDH). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Meram Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Konya, Turkiye, from January 2020 to May 2023. METHODOLOGY: Infants were screened for DDH with Graff method for the ultrasounds of both hips. Lengths of the 2nd and 4th fingers of both hands were measured and recorded. Patients with additional risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip (breech birth, family history, oligohydramnios, swaddling) were excluded. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-six babies were screened including 55.1% (n = 141) girls and 44.9% (n = 115) boys. Their mean age was 2.51 ± 0.80 months. The average lengths were 31.73 ± 3.05 mm, for the left 2nd finger and 34.26 ± 3.48 mm for the left 4th finger. In the hip USG measurements, the mean alpha angles were 62.91 ± 3.12° for the right hip and, 63.20 ± 3.55° for the left hip. Eighteen (7%) of babies who underwent hip ultrasound (USG) had unilateral or bilateral DDH. Among these cases, 2.7% (n = 7) had right, 2.3% (n = 6) had left, and 2% (n = 5) had bilateral DDH. There was no statistically significant correlation between the ratios of right 2/4 finger lengths and the right alpha angle (rs = 0.051; p = 0.421). There was a statistically positive and statistically significant correlation between the ratios of left 2/4 finger lengths and the left alpha angle (rs = 0.154; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Only the left-hand finger ratio among the parameters in the model had a statistically significant effect on DDH. Therefore, the left hand 2D/4D finger length may be of value in screening for DDH. KEY WORDS: Developmental dysplasia of the hip, Second to fourth finger digit ratio, Ring finger, Digit ratios.

Evaluation of the effect of vitamin D level on greater tuberosity primary bone marrow edema.

INTRODUCTION: The anabolic effects of vitamin D on bone tissue have been demonstrated in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between greater tuberosity primary bone marrow edema (GTPBMO) and vitamin D levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients (22 females and 17 males; mean age 49.02 ± 13.08 years) with isolated GTPBMO between March 2016 and March 2018 were included in the study. Sixty patients (34 females and 26 males; mean age 43.45 ± 12.61 years) who did not have any shoulder complaints and fulfilled the study criteria were selected as the control group. Both groups were compared in terms of vitamin D levels. RESULTS: The mean vitamin D level was 13.43 ± 9.02 ng/mL in the GTPBMO group. In contrast, mean vitamin D level was 21.54 ± 8.03 ng/mL in the control group (p < 0.001). In the GTPBMO group, vitamin D deficiency was detected in 31 (79.5%) patients, vitamin D insufficiency was detected in 5 (12.8%) patients, and vitamin D levels were normal in 3 (7.7%) patients. In the control group, vitamin D deficiency was detected in 29 (48.3%) patients, vitamin D insufficiency was detected in 16 (26.7%) patients, and vitamin D levels were normal in 15 (25%) patients. CONCLUSION: The etiology of GTPBMO has not yet been fully understood, but the results obtained in this study show that vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with GTPBMO. The findings suggest that low vitamin D levels may be one of the contributing factors in the etiology of GTPBMO.

Radiological and clinical evaluation of long head of biceps tendon function in the glenohumeral joint.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between biceps pathologies and radiological measurements in massive rotator cuff tears treated arthroscopically. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 2015 and December 2018, a total of 145 patients (56 males, 89 females; mean age: 62.2±9.7 years; range, 28 to 87 years) with supraspinatus and/or infraspinatus full-thickness tear larger than 3 cm and who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were retrospectively analyzed. Biceps pathologies detected during arthroscopy were divided into four groups. Group 1: biceps tendinitis or without biceps pathology; Group 2: biceps partial/degeneration tear; Group 3: biceps dislocation/instability; Group 4: complete biceps head rupture. Radiological measurements were calculated from the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and anteroposterior X-ray images of the patients. RESULTS: A total of 65.5% of the lesions were on the right arm and 34.5% were on the left arm. All patients had posterior superior rotator cuff tears which could be surgically repaired. A total of 22.1% of the patients had no biceps tendinitis/biceps pathology, 20.7% had biceps instability/dislocation, 28.3% had biceps degeneration/partial rupture, and 29% of patients had biceps total rupture. Patients in Group 4 had a statistically significantly higher superior migration of the humeral head distance (p=0.012) than Group 2, and patients in Group 2 had a statistically significantly higher coracohumeral distance (p=0.042) than patients in Group 4. There was no significant difference in the other measurements among the groups. CONCLUSION: The long head of the biceps, of which function has not yet been clearly elucidated, is one of the superior and anterior stabilizing forces of the humeral head.