RESUMO
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to progress since its discovery in December 2019. A cluster of patients with atypical pneumonia identified in Wuhan, China, served as the epicenter of this recent epidemic. This family of viruses is responsible for the common cold along with the infamous severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012. The Southern China Wholesale Market reportedly has connections to the original 27 cases in Wuhan, China. The worldwide confirmed case total has eclipsed 1,450,000, with more than 83,000 deaths. Patient presentation ranges from mild respiratory illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent death. Early epidemiologic studies of viral spread support the hypothesis that COVID-19 can remain latent with an extended and infectious incubation period. The U.S. government has issued level 3 precautions for most international travel, along with prohibiting entry to foreign nationals traveling from China, Iran, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and the European Schengen area (e.g., France, Italy, Germany). Prevention remains the mainstay in treating and defeating the COVID-19 epidemic. Anyone infected or suspected of being infected should self-quarantine at home or admit themselves to a specified hospital with infrastructure to handle the situation. The combination of prevention and containment provides the best opportunity to stall the spread of COVID-19.
RESUMO
This study examines the methodology of combining high-resolution information from magnetic resonance imaging into the reconstruction of near-infrared images of hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation. This type of hybrid imaging modality has the potential to provide noninvasive maps of hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation with relatively high spatial resolution with a fast time response. The study uses (i) tissue-simulating phantoms, as well as (ii) a rat cranial model, to test the method in two well-controlled situations. The phantom test demonstrates that better reconstruction accuracy can be achieved with the use of MRI-generated spatial regions in near-infrared reconstruction. The rat functional testing reveals that the technique can be applied to in vivo physiology, even in situations where the tissue is quite heterogenous. It also shows that the application of a priori structure in the finite element mesh as well as spatial constraints in the near-infrared image reconstruction, can significantly improve the quality of the resulting hemoglobin images.
