Associations of Infant Sleep Characteristics with Childhood Cognitive Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to quantify associations of infant 24-hour sleep duration and nighttime sleep consolidation with later child cognition. METHODS: This study included children from Project Viva, a prospective cohort in Massachusetts with (1) sleep measures in infancy (median age 6.4 months) and (2) child cognition in early childhood (median age 3.2 years) or mid-childhood (median age 7.7 years). Main exposures were parental reports of infant 24-hour sleep duration and nighttime sleep consolidation (% of total daily sleep occurring at nighttime). Cognitive outcomes were (1) early childhood vocabulary and visual-motor abilities and (2) mid-childhood verbal and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ), memory, and visual-motor abilities. We examined associations of infant sleep with childhood cognition using linear regression models adjusted for child sex, age, and race or ethnicity; maternal age, education, and parity; and household income. RESULTS: Early and mid-childhood analyses included 1102 and 969 children, respectively. Most mothers reported infant race or ethnicity as White (69%) and were college graduates (71%). The mean infant 24-hour sleep duration was 12.2 ± 2.0 hours, and the mean nighttime sleep consolidation was 76.8% ± 8.8%. Infant 24-hour sleep duration was not associated with any early or mid-childhood outcomes. Higher infant nighttime sleep consolidation was associated with higher mid-childhood verbal intelligence (ß: 0.12 points per % nighttime sleep; 95% CI, 0.01-0.22), but not with any early childhood cognitive measures. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, higher infant nighttime sleep consolidation was associated with higher verbal IQ in mid-childhood. Future studies should investigate causal relationships of infant sleep consolidation with child cognition among diverse populations.

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma of LUMB HER2+ subtype with rhabdoid feature coexisting with synchronous malignant transformation of phyllodes tumor: An exceedingly rare clinicopathological characteristic in Vietnam.

The transformation of a benign phyllodes tumor (PT) into a malignant PT and/or carcinoma is extremely uncommon. We present a case of a 66-year-old female with a huge mass on the left breast which was successfully removed by surgical resection. The pathological diagnosis was infiltrating lobular carcinoma with pure rhabdoid features and the malignant transformation of a benign phyllodes tumor. The first time this rare case was reported, it is demonstrated a special phenomenon through the synchronous transformation of PT grades and the carcinomatous transformation of PT.

A morpho-phylogenetic update on ixodid ticks infesting cattle and buffalos in Vietnam, with three new species to the fauna and a checklist of all species indigenous to the country.

BACKGROUND: Southeast Asia is regarded as a hotspot for the diversity of ixodid ticks. In this geographical region, Vietnam extends through both temperate and tropical climate zones and therefore has a broad range of tick habitats. However, molecular-phylogenetic studies on ixodid tick species have not been reported from this country. METHODS: In this study, 1788 ixodid ticks were collected from cattle, buffalos and a dog at 10 locations in three provinces of northern Vietnam. Tick species were identified morphologically, and representative specimens were molecularly analyzed based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and 16S rRNA genes. Fifty-nine tick species that are indigenous in Vietnam were also reviewed in the context of their typical hosts in the region. RESULTS: Most ticks removed from cattle and buffalos were identified as Rhipicephalus microplus, including all developmental stages. Larvae and nymphs were found between January and July but adults until December. Further species identified from cattle were Rhipicephalus linnaei, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Amblyomma integrum and Haemaphysalis cornigera. Interestingly, the latter three species were represented only by adults, collected in one province: Son La. The dog was infested with nymphs and adults of R. linnaei in July. Phylogenetically, R. microplus from Vietnam belonged to clade A of this species, and R. haemaphysaloides clustered separately from ticks identified under this name in China, Taiwan and Pakistan. Amblyomma integrum from Vietnam belonged to the phylogenetic group of haplotypes of an Amblyomma sp. reported from Myanmar. The separate clustering of H. cornigera from Haemaphysalis shimoga received moderate support. CONCLUSIONS: Three tick species (R. linnaei, A. integrum and H. cornigera) are reported here for the first time in Vietnam, thus increasing the number of indigenous tick species to 62. Clade A of R. microplus and at least R. linnaei from the group of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato occur in the country. There is multiple phylogenetic evidence that different species might exist among the ticks that are reported under the name R. haemaphysaloides in South and East Asia. This is the first report of A. integrum in Southeastern Asia.

Metastatic melanoma to the urinary bladder with synchronous or metachronous metastasis to other organs: Clinicopathological characteristics and outcome.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Bladder metastatic melanoma is a very uncommon condition. CASE PRESENTATION: On 62 reported cases, 55 studies have been done so far. We describe a 53-year-old woman with a hematuria who underwent transurethral resection of bladder lesions caused by metastatic melanoma for eight years ago after receiving her initial diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: We also review the medical literature to determine the prognosis of bladder metastatic melanoma. Synchronous metastases with metastatic melanoma to the bladder also reduces the mean survival compared with patients with metachronous metastases. CONCLUSION: Bladder metastatic melanoma combined with other factors, such as male, lymph node metastases, primary skin tumor, two or more bladder metastatic foci, and synchronous metastases are predictors of worse prognosis.

Advanced cellulose-based hydrogel TiO2 catalyst composites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dye methylene blue.

Sustainable cellulose-based hydrogels are used in medicine and environmental science. Hydrogels' porosity makes them excellent adsorbents and stable substrates for immobilizing photocatalysts to remove organic dyes. Despite their potential, the implementation of hydrogels for this purpose is still limited due to their high synthesis temperature and low cellulose content. To overcome these challenges, this study develops cellulose-based hydrogels, which have a high cellulose content and can be easily synthesized under ambient conditions. Containing a higher cellulose concentration than previous hydrogels, the synthesized hydrogels are more stable and can be reused numerous times in treatment operations. The hydrogel properties were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed throughout the hydrogel's matrices. In addition, transparent hydrogels allow light to pass through, making them suitable substrates to remove organic dye. The results showed that the hydrogel with TiO2 was able to degrade nearly 90% of organic dye within 180 min. Furthermore, the hydrogel with the embedded catalyst exhibits the potential for reusability with a regeneration efficiency of 80.01% after five runs. These findings suggest that this novel hydrogel is a promising candidate for water pollution remediation.

Physical reservoirs based on MoS2-HZO integrated ferroelectric field-effect transistors for reservoir computing systems.

Reservoir computing (RC), a variant of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), is well-known for its reduced energy consumption through exclusive focus on training the output weight and its superior performance in handling spatiotemporal information. Implementing these networks in hardware requires devices with superior fading memory behavior. Unlike filament-based two-terminal devices, those relying on ferroelectric switching demonstrate improved voltage reliability, while three-terminal transistors provide additional active control. HfO2-based ferroelectric materials such as Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO), have garnered attention for their scalability and seamless integration with CMOS technology. This study implements a RC hardware based on MoS2-HZO integrated device structure with enhanced spontaneous polarization field. By adjusting the oxygen vacancy concentration, the devices exhibit consistent responses to both identical and nonidentical voltages, making them suitable for diverse RC applications. The high accuracy of MNIST handwritten digits recognition highlights the rich reservoir states of the traditional RC architecture. Additionally, the impact of masks on RC implementation is assessed, showcasing the device's capability for spatiotemporal signal analysis. This development paves the way for implementing energy-efficient and high-performance computing solutions.

Longitudinal Associations of Food Security with Health and Dietary Factors among Food FARMacy Participants during COVID-19 in New York City.

In cross-sectional studies, food insecurity is associated with adverse health and dietary outcomes. Whether self-reported health and dietary outcomes change in response to improvements in food security has not been examined. We sought to examine how increases in food security are related to changes in health and dietary factors. In this longitudinal, observational study, we included adult participants in a clinical-community emergency food assistance program in New York City from July 2020 to November 2021. Program staff measured food security with a validated six-item measure at program enrollment and six-month re-enrollment. Participants self-reported health and dietary factors (vegetable, fruit, juice, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption frequency). We used multivariable regression to examine associations between change in food security with change in health and dietary factors over six months. Among 310 participants, the mean food security score improved by 1.7 ± 2.3 points over six months. In unadjusted models, each point improvement in food security was associated with increased vegetable (ß = 0.10 times; 95% CI: 0.05-0.15); fruit (ß = 0.08 times; 95% CI: 0.03-0.14); and juice (ß = 0.10 times; 95% CI: 0.05-0.15) consumption. In adjusted models, results remained significant for vegetable and fruit consumption, but not juice. Change in food security was not associated with change in health or SSB outcomes. In this cohort during COVID-19, improved food security was associated with improved vegetable and fruit consumption. Randomized trials that examine the effectiveness of clinical-community partnerships focused on improving food security and nutrition are warranted.

Coupled Ferroelectric-Photonic Memory in a Retinomorphic Hardware for In-Sensor Computing.

The development of all-in-one devices for artificial visual systems offers an attractive solution in terms of energy efficiency and real-time processing speed. In recent years, the proliferation of smart sensors in the growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) has led to the increasing importance of in-sensor computing technology, which places computational power at the edge of the data-flow architecture. In this study, a prototype visual sensor inspired by the human retina is proposed, which integrates ferroelectricity and photosensitivity in two-dimensional (2D) α-In2Se3 material. This device mimics the functions of photoreceptors and amacrine cells in the retina, performing optical reception and memory computation functions through the use of electrical switching polarization in the channel. The gate-tunable linearity of excitatory and inhibitory functions in photon-induced short-term plasticity enables to encode and classify 12 000 images in the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset with remarkable accuracy, achieving ≈94%. Additionally, in-sensor convolution image processing through a network of phototransistors, with five convolutional kernels electrically pre-programmed into the transistors is demonstrated. The convoluted photocurrent matrices undergo straightforward arithmetic calculations to produce edge and feature-enhanced scenarios. The findings demonstrate the potential of ferroelectric α-In2Se3 for highly compact and efficient retinomorphic hardware implementation, regardless of ambipolar transport in the channel.

A plant protein farnesylation system in prokaryotic cells reveals Arabidopsis AtJ3 produced and farnesylated in E. coli maintains its function of protecting proteins from heat inactivation.

BACKGROUND: Protein farnesylation involves the addition of a 15-carbon polyunsaturated farnesyl group to proteins whose C-terminus ends with a CaaX motif. This post-translational protein modification is catalyzed by a heterodimeric protein, i.e., farnesyltransferase (PFT), which is composed of an α and a ß subunit. Protein farnesylation in plants is of great interest because of its important roles in the regulation of plant development, responses to environmental stresses, and defense against pathogens. The methods traditionally used to verify whether a protein is farnesylated often require a specific antibody and involve isotope labeling, a tedious and time-consuming process that poses hazardous risks. RESULTS: Since protein farnesylation does not occur in prokaryotic cells, we co-expressed a known PFT substrate (i.e., AtJ3) and both the α and ß subunits of Arabidopsis PFT in E. coli in this study. Farnesylation of AtJ3 was detected using electrophoretic mobility using SDS-PAGE and confirmed using mass spectrometry. AtJ3 is a member of the heat shock protein 40 family and interacts with Arabidopsis HSP70 to protect plant proteins from heat-stress-induced denaturation. A luciferase-based protein denaturation assay demonstrated that farnesylated AtJ3 isolated from E. coli maintained this ability. Interestingly, farnesylated AtJ3 interacted with E. coli HSP70 as well and enhanced the thermotolerance of E. coli. Meanwhile, AtFP3, another known PFT substrate, was farnesylated when co-expressed with AtPFTα and AtPFTß in E. coli. Moreover, using the same strategy to co-express rice PFT α and ß subunit and a potential PFT target, it was confirmed that OsDjA4, a homolog of AtJ3, was farnesylated. CONCLUSION: We developed a protein farnesylation system for E. coli and demonstrated its applicability and practicality in producing functional farnesylated proteins from both mono- and dicotyledonous plants.

Clinical presentation, management and outcomes of bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a 15-year single-center experience in Vietnam.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of bile duct injuries (BDIs) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: This is a case series of 28 patients with BDIs after LC treated at a tertiary hospital in Vietnam during the 2006-2021 period. The BDI's clinical presentations, Strasberg classification types, management methods, and outcomes were reported. Results: BDIs were diagnosed intraoperatively in 3 (10.7%) patients and postoperatively in 25 (89.3%). The BDI types included Strasberg A (13, 46.4%), D (1, 3.6%), E1 (1, 3.6%), E2 (4, 14.3%), E3 (5, 17.9%), D + E2 (2, 7.1%), and nonclassified (2, 7.1%). Of the postoperative BDIs, the injury manifested as biliary obstruction (18, 72.0%), bile leak (5, 20.0%), and mixed scenarios (2, 8.0%). Regarding diagnostic methods, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was more useful in bile leak scenarios, while multislice computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography were more useful in biliary obstruction scenarios. All 28 BDIs were successfully treated. ERCP with stenting was very effective in the majority of Strasberg A BDIs. For more complex BDI types, hepaticocutaneous jejunostomy was a safe and effective approach. The in-hospital morbidities included postoperative pneumonia (2, 10.7%) and biliary-enteric anastomosis leakage (1, 5.4%). There was no cholangitis or anastomotic stenosis during the follow-up after discharge (median 18 months). Conclusions: The majority of BDIs are type A and diagnosed postoperatively. ERCP is effective for the majority of Strasberg A BDIs. For major and complex BDIs, hepaticocutaneous jejunostomy is a safe and effective approach.

Validation of the accuracy of the modified World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scale for predicting the outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Evaluating the prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) who may be at risk of poor outcomes using grading systems is one way to make a better decision on treatment for these patients. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the modified World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), WFNS, and Hunt and Hess (H&H) Grading Scales in predicting the outcomes of patients with aSAH. METHODS: From August 2019 to June 2021, we conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study on adult patients with aSAH in three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. The primary outcome was the 90-day poor outcome, measured by a score of 4 (moderately severe disability) to 6 (death) on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We calculated the areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROCs) to determine how well the grading scales could predict patient prognosis upon admission. We also used ROC curve analysis to find the best cut-off value for each scale. We compared AUROCs using Z-statistics and compared 90-day mean mRS scores among intergrades using the pairwise multiple-comparison test. Finally, we used logistic regression to identify factors associated with the 90-day poor outcome. RESULTS: Of 415 patients, 32% had a 90-day poor outcome. The modified WFNS (AUROC: 0.839 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.795-0.883]; cut-off value≥2.50; PAUROC<0.001), WFNS (AUROC: 0.837 [95% CI: 0.793-0.881]; cut-off value≥3.5; PAUROC<0.001), and H&H scales (AUROC: 0.836 [95% CI: 0.791-0.881]; cut-off value≥3.5; PAUROC<0.001) were all good at predicting patient prognosis on day 90th after ictus. However, there were no significant differences between the AUROCs of these scales. Only grades IV and V of the modified WFNS (3.75 [standard deviation, SD: 2.46] vs 5.24 [SD: 1.68], p = 0.026, respectively), WFNS (3.75 [SD: 2.46] vs 5.24 [SD: 1.68], p = 0.026, respectively), and H&H scales (2.96 [SD: 2.60] vs 4.97 [SD: 1.87], p<0.001, respectively) showed a significant difference in the 90-day mean mRS scores. In multivariable models, with the same set of confounding variables, the modified WFNS grade of III to V (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 9.090; 95% CI: 3.494-23.648; P<0.001) was more strongly associated with the increased risk of the 90-day poor outcome compared to the WFNS grade of IV to V (AOR: 6.383; 95% CI: 2.661-15.310; P<0.001) or the H&H grade of IV to V (AOR: 6.146; 95% CI: 2.584-14.620; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the modified WFNS, WFNS, and H&H scales all had good discriminatory abilities for the prognosis of patients with aSAH. Because of the better effect size in predicting poor outcomes, the modified WFNS scale seems preferable to the WFNS and H&H scales.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces HMGB1 Secretion Through Post-Translational Modification and PANoptosis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and cell death, leading to organ damage and mortality. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the damage-associated molecular patterns that can be secreted by pro-inflammatory stimuli, including viral infections, and its excessive secretion levels are related to a variety of inflammatory diseases. Here, the aim of the study was to show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced HMGB1 secretion via active and passive release. Active HMGB1 secretion was mediated by post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, and oxidation in HEK293E/ACE2-C-GFP and Calu-3 cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Passive release of HMGB1 has been linked to various types of cell death; however, we demonstrated for the first time that PANoptosis, which integrates other cell death pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is related to passive HMGB1 release during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, cytoplasmic translocation and extracellular secretion or release of HMGB1 were confirmed via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in the lung tissues of humans and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-overexpressing mice infected with SARS-CoV-2.

A new look at an old classic: implementation of a SERS-based water hardness titration.

The routine use of SERS as an analytical technique has been hindered by practical considerations among which the irreproducibility of its signals and the lack of robustness of its calibration. In the present work, we examine a strategy to perform quantitative SERS without the need for calibration. The method reinvests a colorimetric volumetric titration procedure to determine water hardness but involves monitoring the progression of the titration through the SERS signal of a complexometric indicator. Upon reaching the equivalence between the chelating titrant and the metal analytes, the SERS signal abruptly jumps, which conveniently serves as an end-point marker. Three mineral waters spanning divalent metal concentrations varying by a factor of 25 were successfully titrated in this way, with satisfactory accuracy. Remarkably, the developed procedure can be run in less than an hour, without laboratory-grade carrying capacity and would be relevant for field measurements.

Design, synthesis, molecular docking study and molecular dynamics simulation of new coumarin-pyrimidine hybrid compounds having anticancer and antidiabetic activity.

Coumarin-pyrimidine hybrid compounds were synthesized by condensation reaction of α,ß-unsaturated ketones of 6-acetyl-5-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin with guanidine. The reaction yields were of 42-62%. The antidiabetic and anticancer activities of these compounds were examined. These compounds displayed low toxicity to two cancer cell lines (including KB and HepG2 ones), but exhibited remarkably active against α-amylase with IC50 values of 102.32 ± 1.15 µM to 249.52 ± 1.14 µM and against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 52.16 ± 1.12 µM to 184.52 ± 1.15 µM. Amongst these compounds, 6c was the best inhibitory activity against α-amylase, and 6f had the highest activity against α-glucosidase. The kinetics of inhibitor 6f was competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor property. ADMET predictions showed that almost all synthesized compounds exhibited drug-like activity. IFD and MD simulations were carried out on enzymes 4W93 and 5NN8 to elucidate inhibitory potential of 6c and 6f against tested enzymes. The binding free energy calculation by MM-GBSA approach showed that Coulomb, lipophilic and van der Waals energy terms are major contributors for the inhibitor binding. Molecular dynamics simulations in water solvent system were carried out for the 6f/5NN8 complex to elucidate the variability of active interactions between ligand 6f and active pockets of this enzyme.

Thiourea derivatives containing 4-arylthiazoles and d-glucose moiety: design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity evaluation, and molecular docking/dynamics simulations.

Some substituted glucose-conjugated thioureas containing 1,3-thiazole ring, 4a-h, were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding substituted 2-amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazoles 2a-h with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-ß-d-glucopyranosyl isocyanate. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these thiazole-containing thioureas were estimated using a minimum inhibitory concentration protocol. Among these compounds, 4c, 4g, and 4h were better inhibitors with MIC = 0.78-3.125 µg mL-1. These three compounds were also tested for their ability to inhibit S. aureus enzymes, including DNA gyrase, DNA topoisomerase IV (Topo IV), and dihydrofolate reductase, and compound 4h was found to be a strong inhibitor with IC50 = 1.25 ± 0.12, 67.28 ± 1.21, and 0.13 ± 0.05 µM, respectively. Induced-fit docking and MM-GBSA calculations were performed to observe the binding efficiencies and steric interactions of these compounds. The obtained results showed that compound 4h is compatible with the active site of S. aureus DNA gyrase 2XCS with four H-bond interactions with residues Ala1118, Met1121, and F:DC11 and also three interactions with F:DG10 (two interactions) and F:DC11 (one interaction). Molecular dynamics simulation in a water solvent system showed that ligand 4h had active interactions with enzyme 2XCS through residues Ala1083, Glu1088, Ala1118, Gly1117, and Met1121.

Predictive validity of the prognosis on admission aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage scale for the outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

This multicentre prospective cohort study aimed to compare the accuracy of the PAASH, WFNS, and Hunt and Hess (H&H) scales in predicting the outcomes of adult patients with aneurysmal SAH presented to three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, from August 2019 to June 2021. Of 415 eligible patients, 32.0% had a 90-day poor outcome, defined as an mRS score of 4 (moderately severe disability) to 6 (death). The PAASH, WFNS and H&H scales all have good discriminatory abilities for predicting the 90-day poor outcome. There were significant differences in the 90-day mean mRS scores between grades I and II (p = 0.001) and grades II and III (p = 0.001) of the PAASH scale, between grades IV and V (p = 0.026) of the WFNS scale, and between grades IV and V (p < 0.001) of the H&H scale. In contrast to a WFNS grade of IV-V and an H&H grade of IV-V, a PAASH grade of III-V was an independent predictor of the 90-day poor outcome. Because of the more clearly significant difference between the outcomes of the adjacent grades and the more strong effect size for predicting poor outcomes, the PAASH scale was preferable to the WFNS and H&H scales.

Background-Free Near-Infrared Biphoton Emission from Single GaAs Nanowires.

The generation of photon pairs from nanoscale structures with high rates is still a challenge for the integration of quantum devices, as it suffers from parasitic signals from the substrate. In this work, we report type-0 spontaneous parametric down-conversion at 1550 nm from individual bottom-up grown zinc-blende GaAs nanowires with lengths of up to 5 µm and diameters of up to 450 nm. The nanowires were deposited on a transparent ITO substrate, and we measured a background-free coincidence rate of 0.05 Hz in a Hanbury-Brown-Twiss setup. Taking into account transmission losses, the pump fluence, and the nanowire volume, we achieved a biphoton generation of 60 GHz/Wm, which is at least 3 times higher than that of previously reported single nonlinear micro- and nanostructures. We also studied the correlations between the second-harmonic generation and the spontaneous parametric down-conversion intensities with respect to the pump polarization and in different individual nanowires.

Factors related to intracerebral haematoma in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in Vietnam: a multicentre prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of intracerebral haematoma (ICH) on the outcomes and the factors related to an ICH in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) in a low- and middle-income country. DESIGN: A multicentre prospective cohort study. SETTING: Three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. PARTICIPANTS: This study included all patients (≥18 years) presenting with aSAH to the three central hospitals within 4 days of ictus, from August 2019 to June 2021, and excluded patients for whom the admission Glasgow Coma Scale was unable to be scored or patients who became lost at 90 days of follow-up during the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was ICH after aneurysm rupture, defined as ICH detected on an admission head CT scan. The secondary outcomes were 90-day poor outcomes and 90-day death. RESULTS: Of 415 patients, 217 (52.3%) were females, and the median age was 57.0 years (IQR: 48.0-67.0). ICH was present in 20.5% (85/415) of patients with aSAH. There was a significant difference in the 90-day poor outcomes (43.5% (37/85) and 29.1% (96/330); p=0.011) and 90-day mortality (36.5% (31/85) and 20.0% (66/330); p=0.001) between patients who had ICH and patients who did not have ICH. The multivariable regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.674; 95% CI: 1.372 to 5.214; p=0.004), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grades II (AOR: 3.683; 95% CI: 1.250 to 10.858; p=0.018) to V (AOR: 6.912; 95% CI: 2.553 to 18.709; p<0.001) and a ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm (AOR: 3.717; 95% CI: 1.848 to 7.477; p<0.001) were independently associated with ICH on admission. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, ICH was present in a substantial proportion of patients with aSAH and contributed significantly to a high rate of poor outcomes and death. Higher SBP, worse WFNS grades and ruptured MCA aneurysms were independently associated with ICH on admission.

Association of a primary care-based mobile food pantry with child body mass index: A propensity score matched cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that children in Food FARMacia-a six-month food insecurity intervention from May 2019 to January 2020-would have smaller age-adjusted, sex-specific body mass index (BMIz) gains than matched counterparts. METHODS: In this proof-of-concept study, we performed a difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis of a propensity-score matched cohort among paediatric primary care patients aged <6 years with household food insecurity. Children with anthropometric measures prior to and after intervention started were included. The main outcome was child BMIz from standardized clinical anthropometric measurements. We examined differences in child BMIz change between Food FARMacia participants and matched non-participants. RESULTS: Among 454 children with household food insecurity, 265 were included, 44 of whom were in Food FARMacia. Mean child age was 1.48 (SD 1.46) years and most reported Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (84.5%). After propensity score matching, children in Food FARMacia had smaller increases in BMIz (unadjusted DiD -0.28 [-0.52, -0.04]) compared to non-participants in the follow-up period. After adjusting for potential confounders, findings remained statistically significant [adjusted DiD, -0.31 units (95% CI: -0.54, -0.08)]. CONCLUSIONS: In this proof-of-concept cohort study of children in households with food insecurity, a paediatric primary care-based mobile food pantry program was associated with improvement in child BMIz over 6 months.