[Experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in broilers]. / Eksperimentalno vuzproizvedena aflatoksikoza pri broileri.

Aflatoxicosis was induced under experimental conditions in two groups of broiler birds fed in the course of the entire fattening period upon feed, containing 0,250 and 0,600 ppm aflatoxin. Dependable changes were established in the investigated haematological and biochemical indices. There was a drop of the body weight and an increase in the feed to gain ratio. Pathologic changes were recorded in the liver.

[Clinical, morphological and biochemical changes in lambs caused by Fusarium toxins]. / Klinichni, morfologichni i biokhimichni promeni pri shileta, predizvikani ot toksini na Fusarium.

Studied was the effect of toxic trichotecenes and the F-2 toxin on the health status and the morphologic and biochemical changes in the blood on weaned lambs. It was shown that there was a drop of the hemoglobin content, rise of the leucocyte count, and decrease in the amount of the total proteins along with an increase in the activity of glutamate-oxalacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate-dehydrogenase. The morphologic changes appeared confined to the rumen, lymph nodes of the forestomach, duodenal mucosa, liver, and kidneys.

[Clinical, morphological and biochemical changes in pigs caused by the toxic metabolites of Fusarium tricinctum]. / Klinichni, morfologichni i biokhimichni promeni pri praseta, predizvikani ot toksichni metaboliti na Fusarium trichinatum.

Experiments were carried out with pigs in the course of 30 days with the use of dietary mixtures containing 10 and 20 per cent cultures of Fusarium tricinctum in rice. The treated animals showed higher sensitivity to trichotecenes. These moulds metabolites raised the activity of the serum glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, lipid level, and leukocyte count but lowered the amount of total protein and that of hemoglobin. The morphologic lesions seemed confined mainly to the stomach, intestines, and kidneys.

[Attempts to control trichophytosis by introducing medicated forage containing purified sulfur and methionine]. / Opiti za borba s trikofitiiata chrez vuvezhdane na medikamentozni furazhi, sudurzhashti prechistena siara i metionin.

Experiments including 1197 calves either suffering from Trichophytia or being in contact with diseased animals were carried out. Medicative fodder containing 1% sulfur or 1% purified sulfur plus 0.4% methionin was fed on the calves for 30 days. It was established that the fodder containing 1% sulfur plus 0.4% methionin had better therapeutic effect--96.39%, while the effect of fodder having 1% sulfur was 85.57%. Medicative fodder had no negative effect on calf development, on their liver function and on the morphology of leucocytes and erythrocytes in the blood.

[Comparative immunological studies and the determination of the epizootiological effectiveness of Soviet vaccine LTF-130 in trichophytosis]. / Sravnitelni imunologichni izsledvaniia i opredeliane epizootologichnata efektivnost na suvetskata vaksina LTF-130 pri trikhofitiiata.

The immunological response of calves vaccinated against herpes is explained and the epizootic effectiveness of the Soviet vaccine ltf 130 applied in Bulgaria is assessed. The antigenic relation of the vaccine's strain with the agent causing herpes in Bulgaria was revealed by parallel investigation on serum RCB of calves suffering from herpes and of calves vaccinated with ltf 130. The immunological response was assessed by proving the existence of complement binding antibodies. It was found that vaccinated calves react by producing complement binding antibodies up to the 45th day post immunization. During the 1976-1978 year period 62 121 calves and heifers were treated for medicative purposes and 653 666 calves and heifers--for prophylactic purposes. From all vaccine treated animals 95.4-98.8% recovered. No cases of herpes were observed in animals vaccinated prophylactically.

[Epizootiological characteristics of trichophytosis in calves raised commercially]. / Epizootologichni osobenosti na trikhofitiiata po teletata, otglezhdani pri promishleni usloviia.

Epizootiologic studies were carried out after a special programme in four calf-fattening combines harbouring trichophytosis-affected animals. Tested was the effectiveness of a Soviet vaccina, Tphi 130 under this country's conditions. It was found that 20 per cent of the examined contact calves and 23.3 per cent of the survivals were carriers of T. faviforme. It was demonstrated that the vaccine conferred solid immunity against the Bulgarian strains of T. faviforme.

[Candida infections in farm animals and birds]. / Prouchvane na kandidozata po selskostopanskite zhivotni i ptitsi.

Studied were swab samples taken from the oral cavity, the nostrils, and the rectum, resp., the cloaca of a total of 2315 calves, pigs, chickens, poulets, and turkey-poults to demonstrate the presence of fungi of the genus Candida. The material was taken from healthy animals and birds as well as from such that had digestive troubles, bronchitis, and bronchopneumontia. Isolated were the species; C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. pelliculosa, C. gulliermondii, and C. utilis. The various species were differentiated on the basis of their morphologic and cultural characteristics and their biochemical behaviour. It was established that C. albicans only manifested pathogenic properties. It was experimentally demonstrated that the appearance of a Candida infection was facilitated by the simultaneous application of a fungus culture and antibiotics of a broad spectrum. Histopathologic investigations were carried out of experimentally infected and spontaneously affected birds.

[T. faviforme sensitivity to the disinfecting action of various preparations]. / Chuvstvitelnost na T/faviforme kum dezinfektsionnoto deistvie na razlichni preparati.

Tested was the resistance of T. faviforme in pathological material to various disinfection agents. It was demonstrated that 1 per cent vofasteril, and 1.62 per cent perfumaric acid together with 1 per cent lauril sulphate and 5 per cent fessiasept kill the fungus at a 10 min. exposure. Perfumaric acid (1.62%), veraform (5%), fessiasept (3%) destroy T. faviforme for 15 to 20 min, and 0.6% vofasteril and 7-10% Cusulphate produce a fungicidal effect for 30 to 45 min. Fungicidal effects are produced with the use of veraform and vofasteril at the rate of 0.51/m2 of the disinfection solution. Aerosols, obtained by a method using no apparatus, employing 40 cm3 formalin, 20 cm3 water, and 30 g potassium permangante produce a fungicidal effect at a 20 h. exposure.

[Parasitic fusaria in corn an attempts to isolate phytoestrogens from them]. / Parazitni fuzarii po tsarevitsata i opiti za izolirane na fitoestrogeni ot tiakh.

A total of 123 fungus strains of the Fusarium genus were found in 181 samples of maize. Fusarium moniliforme was most frequently isolated. It was found that 14 of the strains produced F-2 toxin. Experiments were carried out with 50 male and female guinea pigs. Each of the test animals was given orally 0.2 ml (daily, in the course of twenty days) crude toxin obtained through growing the fungus--selected strains--on sterile maize flour. It was established that most of the tested toxins affected the reproductive apparatus of the animals, causing necrobiotic and degenerative changes. Some Furarium species even produced toxic substances that manifested tropism to the digestive tract, liver, kidneys, heart, the nervous system, where they caused hemodynamic troubles and degenerative changes.

[Dermatophyte and Candida genus fungal carrier state in piglets]. / Vurkhu nositelstvo na dermatofiti i gubichki ot rod Candida pri praseta

Studied were a total of 1200 pigs aged 1, 2, and 3 months, showing no clinical symptoms of skin or hair diseases. It was demonstrated that Candida carriers accounted for 2.6 per cent among the animals raised under primitive pigsty conditions, and for 2.5 per cent of those raised under industrial conditions. First of the isolated fungi of this genus ranked Candida krusei, followed by C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondi. Of the kerationophil fungi K. ajelloi was demonstrated in 0.19 per cent of the pigs kept under both primitive and industrial conditions of raising. In those that were raised in primitive pig-house conditions M. gypseum, M. cookei, and T. terrestre were also found.