Variations of oral anatomy and common oral lesions

Abstract Several topics related to the oral cavity are briefly addressed in this article, from anatomical variations that, when recognized, avoid unnecessary investigations, to diseases that affect exclusively the mouth, mucocutaneous diseases, as well as oral manifestations of systemic diseases. A complete clinical examination comprises the examination of the mouth, and this approach facilitates clinical practice, shortening the path to diagnosis in the outpatient clinic as well as with in-hospital patients. The objective of this article is to encourage the examination of the oral cavity as a useful tool in medical practice, helping to recognize diseases in this location.

Variations of oral anatomy and common oral lesions.

Several topics related to the oral cavity are briefly addressed in this article, from anatomical variations that, when recognized, avoid unnecessary investigations, to diseases that affect exclusively the mouth, mucocutaneous diseases, as well as oral manifestations of systemic diseases. A complete clinical examination comprises the examination of the mouth, and this approach facilitates clinical practice, shortening the path to diagnosis in the outpatient clinic as well as with in-hospital patients. The objective of this article is to encourage the examination of the oral cavity as a useful tool in medical practice, helping to recognize diseases in this location.

Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients With COVID-19 Treated at a University Hospital in Southern Brazil.

Objectives The aim of this study was to ascertain whether pattern of cutaneous lesions, age, sex, ethnicity, long-term medication use, arterial oxygen saturation at the first examination, setting of care, and number of medications used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with mortality in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cutaneous manifestations. In addition, to evaluate the occurrence of cutaneous manifestations in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 through a review of medical records and in-person evaluation by a dermatologist. Methods This investigation consisted of two components - (A) a cross-sectional study with a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients with a positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 treated at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre between March 2020 and November 2020, and (B) a prospective case series with in-person skin examination by an attending dermatologist of all patients admitted to COVID-19 wards between April 2021 and July 2021. The pattern of skin lesions and other variables were assessed. Results Information from 2968 individuals with COVID-19 was collected (2826 from the medical records and 142 from the in-person examination by a dermatologist). Of these, a total of 51 patients (1.71%) had COVID-19-related cutaneous lesions - 36 from the medical records group (1.27% of cutaneous manifestations) and 15 from the examinated group (10.56% of cutaneous manifestations). Of 51 patients, 15 (29.41%) died. There was no association between mortality and patterns of cutaneous manifestations. The variables male sex (p=0.021), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p=0.001), and use of three or more antibiotics (p=0.041) were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions The risk factors, proven by our study, for mortality in patients with COVID-19 and cutaneous manifestations were male sex, ICU stays, and use of three or more antibiotics. Using the review of medical records as a tool for evaluating cutaneous manifestations related to COVID-19, there are about 10 times fewer occurrences when compared to in-person evaluation by a dermatologist.

Miomodulação com ácido hialurônico para o tratamento do sorriso gengival / Myomodulation with hyaluronic acid for correction of gummy smile

O sorriso gengival ocorre quando há exposição de mais de 3-4 mm de tecido gengival durante o ato de sorrir. É considerado pouco atraente e causa de desarmonia estética. Possui etiologia multifatorial com diversas técnicas descritas para sua correção. A miomodulação com ácido hialurônico é uma alternativa não cirúrgica, com resultados imediatos e duradouros. Neste artigo nós apresentamos um caso de miomodulação com ácido hialurônico para correção do sorriso gengival em uma paciente de 31 anos.

The "gummy smile" occurs when more than 3-4 mm of gingiva appears during the act of smiling. It is considered unattractive and causes aesthetic disharmony. It has a multifactorial etiology, with several techniques described for its correction. Myomodulation with hyaluronic acid is a non-surgical alternative with immediate and lasting results. In this article, we present a case of myomodulation with hyaluronic acid to correct "gummy smile" in a 31-year-old patient.

Cutaneous Nodular Amyloidosis: A Disfiguring Aspect of the Face.

Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia in which an amorphous material consisting of light chain amyloid is produced and deposited in the dermis, with varied clinical presentation. We describe the case with unusual and tumor lush clinical presentation in the face with no progression to systemic disease and no evidence of extracutaneous commitment.

Sun exposure and sun protection habits in high school students from a city south of the country.

BACKGROUND: Effective solar protection is an uncommon practice among young people, increasing the likelihood of sunburn, sunstroke and skin cancers. This fact is more significant in the south of Brazil, where the prevalence of white skinned population is larger, being more prone to sun damage. OBJECTIVES: To study the practices of sun exposure and sun protection in high school students from the city of Carlos Barbosa - RS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving 775 students, enrolled on the first half of 2010, who had signed the consent form. We used a non-identifiable, self-administered questionnaire, with questions about related topics. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square or Fisher exact and t-Student tests. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the number 2010-115H. RESULTS: Most students are exposed to the sun at the more critical periods, remaining exposed for more than an hour. Five hundred and seventy-six students (74,3%) reported using sunscreen, but less than 10% did it during all months of the year. Female teenagers are most likely to use sunscreen (p <0.001) and to spend less time exposed to sunlight (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Most high school students from Carlos Barbosa had unsuitable sun exposure and sun protection habits, characterizing a high risk behavior for skin diseases. The existence of public programs for clarification of the risks to the population and the subsidization of sun protection products were suggested by these young people.

Sun exposure and sun protection habits in high school students from a city south of the country / Práticas de exposição e proteção solar em estudantes do ensino médio de uma cidade do sul do país

BACKGROUND: Effective solar protection is an uncommon practice among young people, increasing the likelihood of sunburn, sunstroke and skin cancers. This fact is more significant in the south of Brazil, where the prevalence of white skinned population is larger, being more prone to sun damage. OBJECTIVES: To study the practices of sun exposure and sun protection in high school students from the city of Carlos Barbosa - RS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving 775 students, enrolled on the first half of 2010, who had signed the consent form. We used a non-identifiable, self-administered questionnaire, with questions about related topics. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square or Fisher exact and t-Student tests. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the number 2010-115H. RESULTS: Most students are exposed to the sun at the more critical periods, remaining exposed for more than an hour. Five hundred and seventy-six students (74,3%) reported using sunscreen, but less than 10% did it during all months of the year. Female teenagers are most likely to use sunscreen (p <0.001) and to spend less time exposed to sunlight (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Most high school students from Carlos Barbosa had unsuitable sun exposure and sun protection habits, characterizing a high risk behavior for skin diseases. The existence of public programs for clarification of the risks to the population and the subsidization of sun protection products were suggested by these young people.

FUNDAMENTOS: A proteção solar efetiva é uma prática incomum entre os jovens, aumentando a probabilidade de queimaduras solares, insolações e cânceres de pele. Esse fato é mais significativo na Região Sul do Brasil, onde a prevalência da população branca é maior, sendo mais propensa aos danos causados pelo sol. OBJETIVOS: Estudar as práticas de exposição e proteção solar em estudantes do ensino médio da cidade de Carlos Barbosa, RS. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 775 estudantes matriculados no primeiro semestre de 2010, que tiveram o termo de consentimento assinado. Utilizou-se um questionário não identificável, autoaplicável, com perguntas abordando tópicos relacionados ao tema. Na análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e o teste t-Student. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o código 2010-115H. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos estudantes se expõem ao sol no horário mais crítico, permanecendo expostos por período superior a uma hora. Quinhentos e setenta e seis alunos (74,3%) referiram utilizar protetor solar, mas menos de 10,0% deles o fazem durante todos os meses do ano. As adolescentes são as que mais usam filtro solar (p < 0,001) e permanecem menos tempo expostas ao sol (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos estudantes de ensino médio de Carlos Barbosa tem hábitos inadequados de exposição e proteção solar, caracterizando comportamento de risco para doenças de pele. A existência de programas públicos de esclarecimento dos riscos à população e o subsídio de produtos para a proteção solar foram sugeridos por esses jovens.