Prefrontal γ-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Never-Medicated Individuals With Chronic Schizophrenia.

This cross-sectional study analyzes spectroscopy data for long-term, never-medicated patients with schizophrenia to examine their levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) compared with those of healthy controls.

Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia Revisited: Abnormal Temporal Organization of Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Patients With a First Episode of Psychosis.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Abnormal functional connectivity between brain regions is a consistent finding in schizophrenia, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Recent studies have highlighted that connectivity changes in time in healthy subjects. We here examined the temporal changes in functional connectivity in patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Specifically, we analyzed the temporal order in which whole-brain organization states were visited. STUDY DESIGN: Two case-control studies, including in each sample a subgroup scanned a second time after treatment. Chilean sample included 79 patients with a FEP and 83 healthy controls. Mexican sample included 21 antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients and 15 healthy controls. Characteristics of the temporal trajectories between whole-brain functional connectivity meta-states were examined via resting-state functional MRI using elements of network science. We compared the cohorts of cases and controls and explored their differences as well as potential associations with symptoms, cognition, and antipsychotic medication doses. STUDY RESULTS: We found that the temporal sequence in which patients' brain dynamics visited the different states was more redundant and segregated. Patients were less flexible than controls in changing their network in time from different configurations, and explored the whole landscape of possible states in a less efficient way. These changes were related to the dose of antipsychotics the patients were receiving. We replicated the relationship with antipsychotic medication in the antipsychotic-naïve FEP sample scanned before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that psychosis is related to a temporal disorganization of the brain's dynamic functional connectivity, and this is associated with antipsychotic medication use.

Manejo de discontinuidad pélvica debido a fractura de acetábulo mediante cirugía de revisión de artroplastia de cadera y reemplazo de componente acetabular por anillo de Burch-Schneider: reporte de un caso / Treatment for pelvic discontinuity due to acetabular fracture by means of hip arthroplasty revision surgery and acetabular component replacement using a Burch-Schneider ring: a case report

Introducción. La discontinuidad pélvica es una complicación de la artroplastia total de cadera que consiste en la separación de la hemipelvis superior e inferior a través del acetábulo.Presentación del caso. Hombre de 74 años con antecedente de artroplastia total de cadera izquierda que requirió 4 cirugías de revisión de artroplastia, quien consultó al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención de Sogamoso (Colombia) por dolor y limitación de la movilidad de la cadera izquierda durante 7 días luego de haber sufrido trauma por caída de su propia altura en la que el miembro inferior izquierdo recibió la fuerza del impacto. En el examen físico, se evidenció limitación de los arcos de movilidad de la cadera izquierda, por lo que se realizó una radiografía de cadera, en la que se observó fractura del acetábulo, y una tomografía computarizada de cadera, en la que se evidenciaron signos de aflojamiento del componente acetabular y fractura del acetábulo (tipo IIIB según clasificación de Paprosky). Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se diagnosticó discontinuidad pélvica y se realizó cirugía de revisión de artroplastia y reemplazo del componente acetabular por un anillo de Burch-Schneider. El paciente tuvo una adecuada evolución posoperatoria con seguimiento a 3 meses. Conclusión. Si bien hay múltiples opciones para el manejo de la discontinuidad pélvica, no hay consenso sobre cuál es la mejor; sin embargo, el uso de componentes acetabulares de refuerzo como el anillo de Burch-Schneider fue una opción con buenos resultados posoperatorios en este caso

Introduction: Pelvic discontinuity is a complication of total hip arthroplasty, consisting of a structural bone defect of the acetabulum with separation of the upper and lower hemipelvis. Case presentation: A 74-year-old male patient with a history of total left hip arthroplasty and 4 arthroplasty revision surgeries visited the emergency department of a secondary care hospital due to pain and limited mobility of the left hip over a period of 7 days after having suffered a fall from his own height in which the left lower limb received the force of the impact. Physical examination showed limitation of the range of motion of the left hip, so a hip X-ray was performed, showing a fracture of the acetabulum. A computed tomography of the hip revealed signs of loosening of the acetabular component and fracture of the acetabulum (type IIIB according to the Paprosky classification). In view of the above, pelvic discontinuity was diagnosed and revision arthroplasty and replacement of the acetabular component with a Burch-Schneider ring was performed. The patient had an adequate postoperative progression and follow-up at 3 months.Conclusion: Although there are multiple options for the treatment of pelvic discontinuity, currently, there is no conclusive data regarding the best therapeutic option. However, the use of reinforcement acetabular components, such as the Burch-Schneider ring, was an option with good postoperative outcomes in this case

Striatal glutamate, subcortical structure and clinical response to first-line treatment in first-episode psychosis patients.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have observed that patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia as well as patients with schizophrenia who do not respond within a medication trial exhibit excess activity of the glutamate system. In this study we sought to replicate the within-trial glutamate abnormality and to investigate the potential for structural differences and treatment-induced changes to improve identification of medication responders and non-responders. METHODS: We enrolled 48 medication-naïve patients in a 4-week trial of risperidone and classified them retrospectively into responders and non-responders using clinical criteria. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and T1-weighted structural MRI were acquired pre- and post-treatment to quantify striatal glutamate levels and several measures of subcortical brain structure. RESULTS: Patients were classified as 29 responders and 19 non-responders. Striatal glutamate was higher in the non-responders than responders both pre- and post-treatment (F1,39 = 7.15, p = .01). Volumetric measures showed a significant group x time interaction (t = 5.163, <1%FDR), and group x time x glutamate interaction (t = 4.23, <15%FDR) were seen in several brain regions. Striatal volumes increased at trend level with treatment in both groups, and a positive association of striatal volumes with glutamate levels was seen in the non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: Combining anatomic measures with glutamate levels offers the potential to enhance classification of responders and non-responders to antipsychotic medications as well as to provide mechanistic understanding of the interplay between neuroanatomical and neurochemical changes induced by these medications. Ethical statement The study was approved by the Ethics and Scientific committees of the Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía in Mexico City. All participants over 18 years fully understood and signed the informed consent; in case the patient was under 18 years, informed consent was obtained from both parents. Participants did not receive a stipend.

White matter alterations and the conversion to psychosis: A combined diffusion tensor imaging and glutamate 1H MRS study.

INTRODUCTION: Widespread white matter abnormalities and alterations in glutamate levels have been reported in patients with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that alterations in white matter integrity and glutamate levels in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis are associated with the subsequent development of psychosis. METHODS: Participants included 33 antipsychotic naïve CHR (Female 7/Male 26, Age 19.55 (4.14) years) and 38 healthy controls (Female 10/Male 28, Age 20.92 (3.37) years). Whole brain diffusion tensor imaging for fractional anisotropy (FA) and right frontal white matter proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for glutamate levels were acquired. CHR participants were clinically followed for 2 years to determine conversion to psychosis. RESULTS: CHR participants that transitioned to psychosis (N = 7, 21%) were characterized by significantly lower FA values in the posterior thalamic radiation compared to those who did not transition and healthy controls. In the CHR group that transitioned to psychosis only, positive exploratory correlations between glutamate levels and FA values of the posterior thalamic radiation and the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule and a negative correlation between glutamate levels and the cingulum FA values were found. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study highlight that alterations in white matter structure and glutamate are related with the conversion to psychosis.

Pasting and Dough Rheological Properties of Ackee (Blighia sapida) Aril Flour: A Contribution to the Search for Wheat Flour Substitutes.

Wheat is one of the most widely used cereals in the world. However, studies consider wheat flour doughs to be of low nutritional quality, as there is now greater public awareness of celiac disease and gluten intolerance. Therefore, consumers are demanding healthier and more varied food products. Consequently, wheat flour is being replaced fully or partially by flours from other sources with higher quality. Hence, the main objective of this work was to report the effect of blending wheat flour with ackee aril flour, until the total replacement of wheat flour, on pasting and dough rheological properties. Five different levels of blending were analyzed: wheat to ackee aril flour mass ratios of 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100. Pasting properties (pasting temperature, peak viscosity, ease of cooking, swelling power, final viscosity at 50 °C, and thixotropy) were analyzed; and steady-state shear measurements were used to obtain consistency coefficients (K) and flow behavior indexes (n) after data was fitted to the Power Law and Herschel-Bulkley models. The gradual addition of the ackee aril flour fraction produced an increase in ash, fat, protein, and fiber content; while water and carbohydrate content showed the opposite behavior in the obtained composite flour. Consequently, the partial or full replacement of wheat flour changed the rheological properties of the produced doughs, as well as the quality of the final product. These changes were mostly related to the protein and carbohydrate content of the ackee aril flour fraction. In general, doughs showed a pseudoplastic behavior with thixotropy whose viscosity decreased as the addition of ackee aril flour was increased. Pasting properties of blends involving 25 %-75 % ackee aril flour demonstrate the feasibility of including these flours in products subjected to high processing temperatures such as canned products or even to produce chips and pasta.

Nivel cognitivo y habilidad procedimental de la delimitación de las líneas oclusales en prótesis completa en estudiantes de odontología / Cognitive level and procedural skill of the delimitation of the occlusal lines in full denture in dental students

Conocer el nivel de relación entre los aspectos cognitivos y procedimentales en el diseño y delimitación de las líneas para la confección del rodete de oclusión y contorno en prótesis completa, en estudiantes de odontología. Materiales y métodos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 134 estudiantes, de los cuales 51 fueron del sexo masculino. Se evaluó el aspecto cognitivo mediante un examen escrito, el cual fue calificado de 0 a 20 para luego subdividirlo en cinco grupos. El mismo sistema de evaluación se aplicó sobre los trabajos de diseño y graficación realizado sobre los modelos de trabajo y placas bases. Resultados. En aprestamiento procedimental no se encontró asociación significativa con el grado de conocimiento, sin embargo, un mayor número de alumnos obtuvieron un buen grado de conocimientos y la mayoría obtuvo un buen nivel de aprestamiento procedimental. En el grado de conocimiento con relación al nivel de aprestamiento procedimental no se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa por sexo. Al evaluar grado de conocimiento según edad se encontraron diferencias significativas, en el grupo de 19-24 años se observó un mayor grado de conocimientos. En la evaluación del nivel de aprestamiento procedimental para el grupo de teoría, no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa al igual que en edad y sexo. Conclusiones. Es importante reforzar el conocimiento teórico de la confección de las líneas para la realización del rodete de oclusión y contorno, ya que este es un procedimiento básico para la correcta preparación de una prótesis completa...

To know the level of relationship between cognitive and procedural aspects in the design and delimitation of the lines for the confection of the occlusion rim and the contour in full denture, in dental students. Materials and methods. The sample was formed by 134 students, of which 51 were male. The cognitive aspect was evaluated by means of a written examination which was qualified from 0 to 20, and then it was subdivided into five groups. The same evaluation system was applied for the design work and charting on the models of work and base plaques. Results. In procedural readiness not significant association was found with the degree of knowledge, however, a greater number of students obtained a good degree of knowledge and most of them obtained a good level of procedural readiness. On the degree of knowledge in relation to the level of procedural readiness there was not a statisticallysignificant association by sex; however women provided a good level of knowledge and a level of readiness in comparison with men. In assessing the degree of knowledge according to age it was a significant higher prevalence of students from 19-24 years of age with a good degree of knowledge. In the assessment of the level of procedural for the theory group readiness, no significant association was found just that in age and sex. Conclusions. It is important to strengthen the theoretical knowledge of making lines for the confection of the occlusion rim and contour, since this is a basic procedure for the correct preparation of a full denture...

Functional significance of cytosolic endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS): regulation of hyperpermeability.

Endothelial NOS (eNOS)-derived NO is a key factor in regulating microvascular permeability. We demonstrated previously that eNOS translocation from the plasma membrane to the cytosol is required for hyperpermeability. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that eNOS activation in the cytosol is necessary for agonist-induced hyperpermeability. To study the fundamental properties of endothelial cell monolayer permeability, we generated ECV-304 cells that stably express cDNA constructs targeting eNOS to the cytosol or plasma membrane. eNOS-transfected ECV-304 cells recapitulate the eNOS translocation and permeability properties of postcapillary venular endothelial cells (Sánchez, F. A., Rana, R., Kim, D. D., Iwahashi, T., Zheng, R., Lal, B. K., Gordon, D. M., Meininger, C. J., and Durán, W. N. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 6849-6853). We used platelet-activating factor (PAF) as a proinflammatory agonist. PAF activated eNOS by increasing phosphorylation of Ser-1177 and inducing dephosphorylation of Thr-495, increasing NO production, and elevating permeability to FITC-dextran 70 in monolayers of cells expressing wild-type and cytosolic eNOS. PAF failed to increase permeability to FITC-dextran 70 in monolayers of cells transfected with eNOS targeted to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, this occurred despite eNOS Ser-1177 phosphorylation and production of comparable amounts of NO. Our results demonstrate that the presence of eNOS in the cytosol is necessary for PAF-induced hyperpermeability. Our data provide new insights into the dynamics of eNOS and eNOS-derived NO in the process of inflammation.

El desarrollo humano y la calidad de vida integrados en un Modelo de Gestión Urbana para Barranquilla (Colombia) / Human development and quality of life integrated in an urban management model for Barranquilla (Colombia)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo enmarcar el tema del desarrollo humano y la calidad de vida dentro de la problemática urbana en una ciudad como Barranquilla (Colombia) y la urgente necesidad que existe en ésta por cumplir unos criterios de habitabilidad y convivencia social en un marco de desarrollo sostenible. Para esto se describen los problemas de la salud y su relación con el espacio urbano en la ciudad, luego se presenta el concepto de Desarrollo Humano y Calidad de Vida, así como de Habitabilidad. Se termina sugiriendo una perspectiva de análisis que integre todo lo anterior coherentemente al concepto de sostenibilidad, como una alternativa de generar una mayor calidad de vida, mayor desarrollo humano y mayor habitabilidad en la ciudad...

This article intends to place the topic of human development and quality of life within the urban problematic in Barranquilla, Colombia, and the urgent necessity to meet some habitability and convivential criteria, within a sustainable development framework. In order to accomplish this, health problems and their relationship with the urban space in the city are described, next the concept of Human Development and Quality of Life, and habitability in Barranquilla are presented. It finishes suggesting a new perspective of analysis which coherently integrates all the afore said to the sustainability concept, as an alternative to generate better quality of life, higher human development and higher habitability in the city...

La autonomía municipal plena en el marco de la nueva constitución política de Bolivia. Caso: Gobierno Municipal de la Ciudad de La Paz

La investigación basado en análisis de encuestas afirma que los Concejeros y Funcionarios del Gobierno Municipal de la ciudad de La Paz como: AMDEPAZ, FAM y el Ministerio de Autonomías, están de acuerdo en que el Gobierno Municipal debe recaudar su organización institucional a través de la reformulación de la Ley de Municipalidades 2028, ya que es la que norma el actuar del municipio y establecer las condiciones para la implantación de la "Autonomía Municipal Plena"

Actualización del Subsistema de manejo, administración de almacenes de la Facultad de Agronomía-UMSA / sss

En el presente se pretende absorver consultas originadas en el desarrollo de la auditoría externa realizada al Proyecto de Asistencia Técnica (PROAT) del Ministerio del Agua, concretamente sobre la garantía de cumplimiento de contrato en el caso de consultorías individuales por producto

Tratamiento de las fracturas por estrés de la tibia en deportistas de alto rendimiento mediante litotripcia extracorpórea con ondas de choque / Treatment of stress fractures of the tibia in high performance athletes by litotripcia extracorporeal shock wave

Para determinar si la Terapia con Ondas de Choque Extracorpórea mejora la remodelación ósea y disminuye el tiempo de recuperación en fracturas por estrés de la tibia, se realizó un estudio experimental ciego auto-controlado en cinco cadetes navales con fracturas bilaterales. Se aplicaron dos ciclos de dos mil choques sónicos de 0.7 mili-Julios a la tibia más sintomática con un intervalo de 7 días. Se realizó un seguimiento clínico con intervalos de tres, seis, siete, nueve y doce semanas, cuatro y seis meses y un año. Se realizaron controles gamagráficos y radiográficos antes y al tercer mes del inicio del tratamiento. Todas las tibias tratadas se volvieron asintomáticas entre dos y tres meses antes que las no tratadas (P<0.05; β<0.1). No hubo cambios radiológicos ni gamagráficos en ambos grupos (P<0.05; ?<0.1). Estos resultados sugieren que la litotripcia extracorpórea con ondas de choque puede ser utilizada con seguridad en atletas de alto rendimiento para disminuir su tiempo de recuperación.

Granuloma hialinizante pulmonar: presentación de dos casos

El Granuloma Hialinizante Pulmonar (GHP), es una entidad relativamente nueva descrita hace poco más de una década. Su incidencia real se desconoce, pero aún así, se considera una patología poco usual, cuya etiología se ignora, aún cuando se describe asociada a entidades como fibrosis mediastinal, retroperitoneal, o a procesos infecciosos como la tuberculosis, debiendo ser diferenciada de lesiones metastásicas y otras entidades pulmonares menos frecuentes. En este artículo registramos dos casos de GHP, los cuales fueron diagnosticados en el Hospital Santa Clara de Bogotá, complementándolo con una revisión de la literatura existente.

Hernia diafragmática traumática complicada / Complicated traumatic diaphragmatic hernia

Se presenta una serie de 7 enfermos tratados por hernia diafragmática complicada de orígen traumático en un período de 5 años. El cuadro se presentó mayoritariamente en hombres en edad media de la vida. El cuadro clínico consistió en dolor abdominal, fiebre y signos de ocupación pleural en el exámen físico. Con ayuda de la radiología, se hizo el diagnóstico preoperatorio en 6 de los 7 enfermos. Todos los enfermos fueron operados, encontrando en 6, necrosis del órgano afectado. Las complicaciones sépticas fueron las más frecuentes en el postoperatorio y dos pacientes fallecieron