The antitumoral effect of the esculetin in HeLa cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the multiple available treatment modalities, cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among female gynecological cancers. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an effective organelle in ensuring cell homeostasis and is closely related to the development of cancer. Esculetin is a coumarin derivative that has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Esculetin may have an anticancer effect by inducting apoptosis and ER stress. In this study, we evaluate that esculetin has an anti-tumor effect on human cervical cancer-derived (HeLa) cells via ER stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Esculetin was applied to the HeLa cells, and a viability test was performed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium proliferation (MTT) assay. Expression levels of apoptotic genes and anti-apoptotic genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Analysis of the MTT assay detected that esculetin inhibited HeLa cell viability development. Based on Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses, esculetin destroyed cervical cancer cells via the ER stress pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that esculetin may have a potent antitumoral effect. It can potentially be utilized in the pharmacological therapy of cervical cancer.

Interactions between estradiol, diabetes, and brain aging and the risk for cognitive impairment.

The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study reported that older women using conjugated equine estrogens hormone therapy (HT) with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate were at increased risk for probable dementia and smaller brain volumes. These adverse effects were greatest among women who had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at baseline or who developed the disease during follow-up. This review summarizes existing literature from randomized trials, observational studies, and preclinical studies to provide a fundamental understanding of the effects of the interaction between T2DM and HT on cognitive and metabolic health changes in brain aging.

Diseño y evaluación de las propiedades antibacterianas de un prototipo de molde de audífono que incorpora cobre en su manufactura / Design and evaluation of antibacterial properties of a prototype of earmold with copper incorporated in the manufacture

Introducción: La otitis externa infecciosa es una consulta otorrinolaringológica frecuente en usuarios de audífonos. Las propiedades antibacterianas descritas del cobre, han motivado el desarrollo de aplicaciones clínicas de este metal. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad antibacteriana de moldes de audífonos manufacturados con polímeros sensible a luz UV, silicona y acrílico que incorporan cobre metálico, en un sistema experimental in vitro. Material y método: Se diseñaron moldes de audífonos con y sin cobre, que fueron inoculados con distintas concentraciones de microorganismos (S aureus y P aeruginosa), para luego determinar el porcentaje de adherencia bacteriana a distintos tiempos de contacto (4, 8 y12 horas). Resultados: Existió reducción significativa en la adhesión bacteriana a los moldes con cobre respecto a aquellos sin cobre, independiente del material, del tipo de microorganismo y del inóculo bacteriano. Discusión: La disminución en la adherencia bacteriana en los prototipos con cobre, puede atribuirse a su actividad inhibitoria sobre los microorganismos en función de su concentración y el tiempo de contacto, ejerciendo su efecto por difusión a través de los distintos materiales. Conclusión: Con estos resultados, se hace necesario el desarrollo de estudios clínicos enfocados en comprobar si el uso de audífonos con cobre disminuyen las otitis externas de origen infeccioso.

Introduction: External otitis of infectious etiology among hearing aid users is a common motive of otolaryngology consultation. Antibacterial properties described copper, they have motivated the development of clinical applications of this metal. Aim: Evaluate the antibacterial capacity of copper-based ear molds manufactured with different materials such UV sensitive polymers, silicone and acrylic incorporating metallic copper, in an experimental system in vitro. Material and method: Ear molds with and without copper, were inoculated with different concentrations of microorganisms (S aureus and P aeruginosa) and determine the percentage of bacterial adherence to different contact times (4-8 and 12 hours). Results: There was significant reduction in bacterial adhesion to copper molds than those without copper, independent of the material, the type of microorganism and the bacterial inoculum. Discussion: The decrease in bacterial adherence on prototypes with copper, can be attributed to inhibitory activity on microorganisms depending on their concentration and contact time, exerting its effect by diffusion through the various materials. Conclusion: With these results, is necessary the development of clinical studies focused on checking whether the use of hearing aids with copper decreases external otitis of infectious origin.

Implication of dopamine D3 receptor activation in the reversion of Parkinson's disease-related motivational deficits.

In addition to the classical motor symptoms, motivational and affective deficits are core impairments of Parkinson's disease (PD). We recently demonstrated, by lesional approaches in rats, that degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons is likely to have a crucial role in the development of these neuropsychiatry symptoms. We have also shown that, as in clinical investigations, chronic treatment with levodopa or the DA D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) agonist ropinirole specifically reverses these PD-related motivational deficits. The roles of specific DA receptor subtypes in such reversal effects remain, however, unknown. We therefore investigated here the precise involvement of D1, D2 and D3R in the reversal of the motivational and affective deficits related to SNc DA neuronal loss. Three weeks after bilateral and partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) SNc lesions, rats received 14 daily intraperitoneal administrations of the selective D1R agonist SKF-38393 (2.5 or 3.5 mg kg(-1)), the selective D2R agonist sumanirole (0.1 or 0.15 mg kg(-1)), or the preferring D3R gonist PD-128907 (0.1 or 0.15 mg kg(-1)). Anxiety-, depressive-like and motivated behaviors were assessed in an elevated-plus maze, a forced-swim test, and an operant sucrose self-administration procedure, respectively. All DA agonists attenuated anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. However, only PD-128907 reversed the motivational deficits induced by 6-OHDA SNc lesions. This effect was blocked by a selective D3R (SB-277011A, 10 mg kg(-1)), but not D2R (L-741,626, 1.5 mg kg(-1)), antagonist. These data provide strong evidence for the role of D3R in motivational processes and identify this receptor as a potentially valuable target for the treatment of PD-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.

[Adherence to copper and stainless steel metal coupons of common nosocomial bacterial strains]. / Actividad bactericida de superficies de cobre frente a bacterias asociadas a infecciones nosocomiales, en un modelo in vitro de adherencia y sobrevivencia.

BACKGROUND: Copper has a bactericidal activity against a series of bacterial strains. AIM: To measure resistance to bacterial adherence of copper (Cu) and stainless steel (SS) metal coupons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacterial strains causing nosocomial infections in Chile were analyzed. Bacterial adherence was studied using a previously described method based on a system of metal coupons that are immersed in culture media containing the bacteria of interest at room temperature. RESULTS: Adherence to Cu and SS coupons was different for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii strains. For these strains, no adherence to Cu coupons occurred during the 48 h observation period compared to a rapidly increasing adherence to SS coupons, with a final colony count of 1.00 E + 07 cfu/mL. For two different Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains, inhibition of adherence was not observed on Cu coupons, and colony counts were similar for Cu and SS using the standard inoculum (2-3 x lO7 cfu).A partial decrease in adherence was observed for Cu but not for SS coupons, when a lower inoculum was used. CONCLUSIONS: Copper surfaces represent an interesting option to reduce bacterial contamination in the hospital environment due to its resistance to bacterial adhesión of most of the common nosocomial bacterial strains.

Actividad bactericida de superficies de cobre frente a bacterias asociadas a infecciones nosocomiales, en un modelo in vitro de adherencia y sobrevivencia / Adherence to copper and stainless steel metal coupons of common nosocomial bacterial strains

Background: Copper has a bactericidal activity against a series of bacterial strains. Aim: To measure resistance to bacterial adherence of copper (Cu) and stainless steel (SS) metal coupons. Material and Methods: Bacterial strains causing nosocomial infections in Chile were analyzed. Bacterial adherence was studied using apreviously described method based on a system of metal coupons that are immersed in culture media containing the bacteria ofinterest at room temperature. Results: Adherence to Cu and SS coupons was differentfor Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii strains. For these strains, no adherence to Cu coupons occurred during the 48 h observation period compared to a rapidly increasing adherence to SS coupons, with a final colony count of 1.00E + 07 cfu/mL. For two different Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains, inhibition of adherence was not observed on Cu coupons, and colony counts were similar for Cu and SS using the standard inoculum (2-3 xlO7 cfu).Apartial decrease in adherence was observed for Cu but not for SS coupons, when a lower inoculum was used. Conclusions: Copper surfaces represent an interesting option to reduce bacterial contamination in the hospital environment due to its resistance to bacterial adhesión ofmost ofthe common nosocomial bacterial strains.

Aplicación de la capacidad bactericida del cobre en la práctica médica / Application of copper bactericidal properties in medical practice

Background: Copper is essential for cell metabolism in animals and plants and thus for life. Along centuries, copper has been identified as a metal containing antimicrobial properties. In recent years, laboratory assays and clinical studies have revealed that surfaces of metallic copper or its alloys, containing at least 70% copper, eliminate in a few hours several pathogenic organisms including bacterial strains associated with nosocomial infections, influenza virus, HIV, and fungi such as Candida albicans. In March 2008, the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), supported by scientific evidence gathered to date, registered copper as the first and only metal with antimicrobial properties. We herein review certain mechanisms proposed for the antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity of copper. We also discuss in vitro and clinical efficacy studies developed world wide and in Chile, focusing on bactericidal activity of copper surface areas in comparison to materials typically used in hospital environments such as stainless steel and polymers. Scientific evidence gathered to date, consistently shows that the use of copper surface areas in high contact critical points in hospitals, significantly reduces environmental bacterial load. This is associated with a decreased risk of pathogen transmission to patients and represents therefore an interesting complement to infection control programs.

[Application of copper bactericidal properties in medical practice]. / Aplicación de la capacidad bactericida del cobre en la práctica médica.

BACKGROUND: Copper is essential for cell metabolism in animals and plants and thus for life. Along centuries, copper has been identified as a metal containing antimicrobial properties. In recent years, laboratory assays and clinical studies have revealed that surfaces of metallic copper or its alloys, containing at least 70% copper, eliminate in a few hours several pathogenic organisms including bacterial strains associated with nosocomial infections, influenza virus, HIV, and fungi such as Candida albicans. In March 2008, the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), supported by scientific evidence gathered to date, registered copper as the first and only metal with antimicrobial properties. We herein review certain mechanisms proposed for the antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity of copper. We also discuss in vitro and clinical efficacy studies developed world wide and in Chile, focusing on bactericidal activity of copper surface areas in comparison to materials typically used in hospital environments such as stainless steel and polymers. Scientific evidence gathered to date, consistently shows that the use of copper surface areas in high contact critical points in hospitals, significantly reduces environmental bacterial load. This is associated with a decreased risk of pathogen transmission to patients and represents therefore an interesting complement to infection control programs.

Estudio descriptivo de la frecuencia y duración de la publicidad alimentaria emitida en la programación de canales de televisión asociados a anatel / Descriptive study of the frequency and duration of food advertisement in the programming of the television channels members of the anatel group

The objective of this study was to analyze television advertisements from different TV channels which are part of the Chilean National Television Association. During one week in January and one week in February of 2010 the advertisements were screened. The analysis selected and classified food's advertising as healthy, moderately healthy and unhealthy based on food's critic nutritional components: total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates and sodium using as reference a classification chart called "Traffic Light System" and created by the UK Food Standard Agency. Sixty thousand four hundred and twenty five (6.425) advertisements were registered and analyzed accounting for 56 hours and 36 minutes in total. One thousand forty five (1.045) advertisements were identified as food advertisements (16 percent) accounting for 7 hours and 42 minutes (14 percent) of the total. Nutritional labels of the products were studied in order to classify and select them as described above. From the total offood advertisements it was observed that 64 percent were related to unhealthy food; 27 percent to moderately healthy and 9 percent to healthy food; accounting for respectively 62 percent, 30 percent and 8 percent, respectively, of the total time reported on food advertisement. Food advertisements are mostly unhealthy, promoting food consumption with high levels of fat, sugar and sodium. The broadcasting of this type of advertisements by television promotes the population to follow unhealthy life styles which result in a deterioration of their health.

El objetivo de este estudio, fue describir la Publicidad Alimentaria emitida por los canales pertenecientes a la Asociación Nacional de Televisión. En una semana de enero y una de febrero del año 2010 se seleccionó y clasificó la publicidad alimentaria emitida como saludable, medianamente saludable y no saludable, en base al contenido de nutrientes críticos; grasa total, grasa saturada, hidratos de carbono simples y sodio. Se utilizó como criterio de referencia, la tabla de clasificación de la Agencia Nacional de Alimentos de Inglaterra, denominada "semáforo nutricional". Se registraron y analizaron 6425 anuncios correspondientes a 56 horas 36 minutos continuas de tiempo, de ellos, se identificaron 1045 anuncios alimentarios (16 por ciento), equivalente en tiempo a 7 horas 42 minutos (14 por ciento) del total. Se examinaron las etiquetas nutricionales de los productos para la selección y calificación en saludable, medianamente saludable y no saludable. Se observó, que del total de la publicidad alimentaria, el 64 por ciento correspondió a publicidad alimentaria no saludable; el 27 por ciento, a publicidad alimentaria medianamente saludable y, el 9 por ciento publicidad alimentaria saludable, con un tiempo de emisión de un 62 por ciento, 30 por ciento y 8 por ciento, respectivamente. La publicidad alimentaria emitida es principalmente no saludable, promueve el consumo de alimentos altos en grasa, azúcar y sodio. La televisión al emitir esta publicidad promueve e incentiva a la población a llevar estilos de vida no saludables, en desmedro de la salud de la población.

"Puntos negros" de la asistencia a la población infantojuvenil en Atención Primaria en España (segunda parte) / Weak points of child and adolescent Primary Health Care in Spain (second part)

Introducción: la Junta Directiva de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) nos planteamos realizar un análisis comparativo de la situación de la asistencia a la población infantojuvenil en Atención Primaria en las distintas comunidades autónomas españolas a través de los datos aportados por las diferentes sociedades autonómicas federadas. En este artículo se expone la segunda parte del estudio. Material y métodos: en la primavera de 2010 realizamos una encuesta utilizando la tecnología de la Web 2.0 a 16 pediatras expertos conocedores de la situación de la asistencia a la población infantojuvenil en España, uno por cada una de las comunidades autónomas federadas en la AEPap. Han contestado a 39 preguntas consensuadas seleccionadas que buscaban diferencias organizativas y asistenciales intercomunitarias. Resultados: se han encontrado importantes discrepancias en la manera de organizar las consultas de Atención Primaria entre las distintas regiones que generan inequidades para los niños, sus familias y los profesionales. Discusión y conclusiones: hemos denominado "puntos negros" a las características más desfavorables, como plazas de Pediatría de Atención Primaria cubiertas por profesionales sin la especialidad, escasez de Enfermería Pediátrica, horarios de trabajo vespertinos, sueldos bajos y dificultades en el acceso a Internet. Las comunidades más deficientes en la calidad de la asistencia pediátrica son Andalucía y Madrid, con tres de estos puntos negros; las siguen Cataluña y Murcia con dos. Corresponde a la Administración sanitaria mejorar estas diferencias o se crearán divergencias insalvables en los recursos adjudicados a la asistencia sanitaria de los niños y adolescentes en función del lugar donde residan (AU)

Introduction: The board of directors of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics (AEPap) decided to address an analysis comparing the situation of child and adolescent assistance in primary care in different regions through the data provided by the corresponding regional federated societies. Material and methods: In spring 2010 we conducted a survey using Web 2.0 technology with 16 expert paediatricians on the status of child and adolescent primary health care in Spain, we chose one paediatrician for each of the Spanish autonomous region. They answered 39 selected consensuated questions seeking organizational and intercommunity health care differences. Results: We found significant discrepancies in the way of organizing consultations in primary care between different regions. It generates iniquities to children, their families and professionals. We defined weak points as the posts with most unfavourable features such as general practitioners in paediatric offices, shortage of paediatric nursing, long work hours (work in the evening), low wages and lack of access to the Internet. The worst communities in this regard are Andalucia and Madrid with three of these weak points, followed by Catalonia and Murcia. We have only found four communities without weak points of care. Conclusion: To reduce these differences in order to avoid important gaps in health resources devoted to children and adolescents falls on health authorities (AU)

Host preferences of tabanid flies based on identification of blood meals by ELISA.

Tabanid flies in Australia are potential vectors of the parasite Trypanosoma evansi which causes the animal disease surra. It is endemic to most of south-east Asia and could enter Australia, but evaluation of the potential impact of a surra incursion requires identification of the major hosts of Australian tabanids. This study investigated the natural pattern of feeding and host preference by tabanid flies of Townsville, north Queensland by identification of ingested blood in trap-caught tabanids using ELISA. The assays were developed for identification of horse, cow, macropod and pig blood meals. Macropods were the most frequent food source for each of six major tabanid species in the area. This did not vary with location for one species, Tabanus pallipennis, despite macropod densities being lower than other hosts such as cattle and horses in some locations. Feeding patterns on other hosts generally depended on availability and density of animals. All tabanid species fed on at least three of the host species tested and mixed meals were also commonly encountered, suggesting a level of opportunistic feeding in addition to a preference for macropods. Some of the blood meals detected were possibly from previous gonotrophic cycles. The results indicate that all tabanid species examined could potentially transmit surra and all the host types investigated could be affected, but macropods face the highest transmission risk.

Feeding success and trappability of horse flies evaluated with electrocuting nets and odour-baited traps.

The relative capacity of different tabanid species to mechanically transmit infectious diseases was assessed by comparing their feeding success on a horse. Ten species were intercepted with electrocuting nets while approaching and leaving the horse: the most abundant were Tabanus pallipennis, Pseudotabanus silvester and Tabanus townsvilli. Of the tabanid species that managed to bite, the highest proportions of partially fed flies, which could potentially transmit pathogens to their next host, were for T. pallipennis (49%) and Dasybasis oculata (48%), while the lowest was in P. silvester (11%). T. townsvilli and T. dorsobimaculatus did not obtain blood meals, possibly because of their sensitivity to host defensive movements. The study also investigated whether catches from odour-baited traps could reliably predict tabanid activity around horses. The traps caught fewer flies, but captured the same species as the electrocuting nets surrounding a horse. A significant linear relationship between the two was observed for P. silvester, T. pallipennis and T. townsvilli but not for T. dorsobimaculatus. The results also demonstrate differences in trappability among tabanid species.

Alighting and feeding behaviour of tabanid flies on horses, kangaroos and pigs.

Successful mechanical transmission of surra between animals by tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) depends to a large extent on the blood-feeding behaviour of the tabanid species prevalent in the area. We studied tabanid-host interactions in Australia to better predict risk of surra transmission and design intervention strategies. At least six tabanid species were observed alighting on horses, pigs and kangaroos, but the most abundant were Tabanus pallipennis Macquart, Pseudotabanus silvester Bergroth and T. townsvilli Ricardo. The behaviour of tabanids in terms of landing location on the host body, duration of feeding and the proportion completing the blood-meal varied with fly species and host species. The findings predict that some species of tabanid such as T. pallipennis should be better vectors and some species of host such as pigs should be better reservoirs of surra based on the inability of flies to feed to repletion and longer feeding durations. This will result in multiple feeds and increased risk of exposure to the infectious agent, respectively, which increases the risk of transmission. Insecticide treatments should target preferred feeding sites on the host's body.

Uso del gel LAT para suturar heridas en niños / No disponible

Introducción: las laceraciones traumáticas que precisan puntos de sutura son uno de losmotivos de consulta urgente más frecuentes en pediatría. Conseguir la mejor anestesia de lazona causando el mínimo dolor posible es el paso previo y fundamental para una correcta reparaciónde la lesión en óptimas condiciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar la eficaciadel gel anestésico LAT (lidocaína, 1,5%; adrenalina, 0,1%; y tetracaína, 1%) para suturarlas heridas no complicadas en pacientes pediátricos.Material y métodos: fueron incluidos los pacientes pediátricos que acudieron a nuestrocentro de salud con heridas para suturar desde julio de 2007 hasta diciembre del año siguiente.El dolor sentido se midió mediante la escala visual analógica (EVA) en los niños que podíanexpresarse verbalmente, y a través de la Face Pain Scale (FPS) en los más pequeños.Resultados: se incluyó un total de 106 pacientes. La media de edad fue de 5,94 años, y lamedida del dolor fue de 1,34 en el grupo valorado mediante EVA y de 1,67 en el de la FPS.La eficacia fue significativamente mayor cuando las heridas se situaban en la cara o el cuerocabelludo con respecto a las extremidades. No hubo complicaciones importantes (el seguimientose llevó a cabo mediante una llamada telefónica) y los pacientes y sus familias quedaronsatisfechos.Conclusiones: la aplicación de gel LAT resulta útil para suturar heridas no complicadasen niños sin ocasionar dolor, especialmente cuando éstas se localizan en la cara y el cuero cabelludo(AU)

Introduction: traumatic lacerations requiring suturing stitches are one of the most frequentreasons of emergencies in paediatrics. Achieving the best anesthesia of the area in orderto cause the minimum pain possible is the previous and basic step to a successful repairof the injury under ideal conditions. The aim of this work is to check the LAT anesthetic gelefficacy (lidocaine, 1.5%; adrenalin, 0.1%; tetracaine, 1%) in order to suture no complicatedwounds in paediatric patients. Material and methods: paediatric patients coming to our health centre to get theirwounds sutured from July 2007 to December 2008 were included. The evaluation of thepain felt was measured by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in those children whocould express themselves verbally and by the Face Pain Scale (FPS) in the younger ones.Results: a total of 106 patients were included. Mean age was 5.94 years, and the measurementof pain 1.34 in the group evaluated by VAS, and 1.67 in the one evaluated by FPS. Effectivenesswas significantly higher with wounds located on face or scalp compared to thosein the extremities. There were no major complications (monitored by phone call) and patientsand their families seemed to be pleased.Conclusions: LAT gel application is useful for suturing no complicated wounds in childrenwithout causing pain, especially with wounds located on face and scalp(AU)

Síndrome hemolítico urémico asociado a infección intestinal por Escherichia coli productora de shigatoxina (STEC) en pacientes chilenos: aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos / Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated to shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli in Chilean children: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of shigatoxin producing E. coli (STEC) infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are reviewed. Surveillance results from 14 sentinel centers during 2000-2002 showed a mean incidence rate of 3.4 HUS cases per 100.000 children, with the highest incidence in the 6 to 28 month age group. Disease is endemic with summer peaks. Between 1988 and 2002 we obtained the clinical characteristics of a group of 119 HUS children with the following results: mean age 16 months, bloody diarrhea 57.8 percent, no previous diarrhea 9 percent, 60 percent received antibiotics, 72 percent had oligoanuria, 53 percent required dialysis, 15 percent had seizures and 31 percent had dizziness; mortality was 3 percent. Four foodborne outbreaks have been detected in Santiago, two outbreaks occurred in household settings, one in a Day Care Center and one in a Neonatal Unit. Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of STEC infections, including potential vaccines are discussed.

Se revisan y actualizan aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de las infecciones por Escherichia coli productora de shigatoxina (STEC), y el síndrome hemolítico urémico (SHU). Se incluyen resultados de una vigilancia de SHU en 14 centros centinelas (2000-2002), que mostró una incidencia promedio de 3,4 casos por 100.000 niños, 78 por ciento) en el grupo de 6 a 48 meses. Esta vigilancia reflejó una situación endémica, con aumento en verano. Se analiza la observación clínica protocolizada de 119 pacientes con SHU hospitalizados en la Región Metropolitana (RM) (1988 y 2002). Edad promedio: 16 meses. El 578 por ciento> tenía diarrea con sangre, 9 por ciento> no tenía diarrea previa, 60 por ciento> recibió antibacterianos, 72 por ciento> presentó oligoanuria y 53 por ciento> necesitó diálisis. El 31 por cientoo tuvo compromiso de conciencia y 15 por cientoo presentó convulsiones. Letalidad 3 por ciento. Se analizan brotes de STEC asociados a alimentos ocurridos en la RM en el hogar (2), un jardín infantil (1) y en un servicio de neonatología (1). Finalmente, se entregar recomendaciones para el manejo clínico y prevención, se revisan los criterios diagnósticos, nuevas estrategias terapéuticas y progresos en el desarrollo de vacunas.

Plasmocitoma testicular bilateral secundario. Aportación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Secondary bilateral testicular plamacytoma. Case report and review of the literature

El plasmocitoma testicular es una neoplasia de células plasmáticas muy poco frecuente. Generalmente se trata de un hallazgo de autopsia carente de expresión clínica, aunque en algunas ocasiones puede constituir una manifestación de un mieloma múltiple y más excepcionalmente ser su única localización. La afectación bilateral es extremadamente infrecuente. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 58 años con mieloma múltiple en remisión que acude a consulta de urología por aumento progresivo del tamaño testicular bilateral. Tras realización de ecografía y PAAF testicular se diagnostica un plasmocitoma testicular bilateral. El tratamiento incluye cirugía (orquiectomía), radio y quimioterapia. El pronóstico de los pacientes depende de si se trata de un caso de plasmocitoma testicular solitario o con mieloma múltiple asociado (AU)

Testicular plasmacytoma is a very unfrequent plasma cells neoplasm. It is usually an incidental autopsy finding devoid of clinical expression, but it presents sometimes as part of a multiple myeloma and is exceptionally its only location. Bilateral involvement is extremely unfrequent. We report the case of a 58 years old man diagnosed with multiple myeloma in complete remission who complains about progressive enlargement of both testicles. After ultrasonography and PAAF, bilateral testicular plasmacytoma is diagnosed. Treatment includes surgery (orchiectomy), radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Prognostic is worse when multiplemyeloma is associated (AU)

Estudio sobre la prevalencia de la lactancia materna en los centros de salud del Val Miñor / Study on the prevalence of breastfeeding in the health centres of Val Miñor

Introducción: la leche materna cubre las necesidades alimenticias del lactante hasta los seis meses de vida, no precisando en este periodo ningún otro aporte suplementario si no hay contraindicación al respecto. No obstante, y a pesar de que la mayoría de las madres cuando deja el hospital ofrece a sus hijos lactancia materna, estos índices bajan de forma alarmante en los siguientes meses de vida del recién nacido. Los objetivos principales han sido elevar la prevalenciade lactancia materna en el Val Miñor (Pontevedra), así como determinar en qué momento se introduce la lactancia artificial. Material y métodos: esta investigación presenta un diseño descriptivo pre-test/post-testsin grupo de control. Fueron entrevistadas todas las madres que acudían a la consulta de Pediatría de los centros de salud del Val Miñor en marzo de 2007 y 2008 (n = 358 y n = 407, respectivamente), sobre qué tipo de alimentación ofrecían a sus hijos. Entre estas dos fechas sellevó a cabo una campaña de información y sensibilización sobre los beneficios de la lactancia materna. Resultados: los resultados ofrecen una evidente mejoría en los índices de lactancia materna, alcanzándose unos índices del 79,2%, 54,5% y 22,2% en las madres entrevistadas en 2008 con hijos de 1 mes, 3-4 meses y 6 meses respectivamente. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos están en concordancia con los encontrados por otros autores y muestran una inquietante disminución en los índices de lactancia materna a medida que el niño va creciendo (AU)

Introduction: breast milk covers the nutritional needs of the infant during the first six months of life, making unnecessary any other supplementary food unless any contraindication exists. Nevertheless, although most mothers when discharged from hospital offer their babies breast milk, the rates drop dramatically in the next months of life. The main objectives of this study have been to raise breastfeeding prevalence in Val Miñor (Pontevedra), as well as to assesin what moment is formula milk introduced. Material and methods: this research has a descriptive pre-test/post-test design without acontrol group. All mothers attending the pediatric offices of Val Miñor health centres in March2007 and 2008 (n = 358 and n = 407 respectively) were interviewed on what kind of food they gave their children. A campaign of information and sensitization on the benefits of breastfeeding was implemented between these two dates. Results: the results show a clear improvement in breastfeeding rates reaching 79.2%,54.5% and 22.2% in interviewed mothers of children one, three to four and six months old respectively. Conclusions: the obtained results are in line with other authors’ and show a worrying dropin breastfeeding rates as the infant grows (AU)

[Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Case report]. / Tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio vesical. Aportación de un nuevo caso.

OBJECTIVE: To report one case of myofibroblastic bladder tumor. METHODS/RESULTS: We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with recurrent urinary tract infections and incidental finding of a bladder mass after abdominal ultrasound. After TUR, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Myofibroblastic tumor (also known as inflammatory pseudotumor or pseudosarcoma) is a benign tumor with mesenchymal origin. Bladder location is very uncommon. It must not be misdiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm. Optimal treatment when arising in the bladder is TUR, with excellent long-term prognosis.

Tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio vesical. Aportación de un nuevo caso / Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Case report

Objetivo: Presentar un nuevo caso de tumor miofibroblástico vesical. Método/Resultados: Mujer de 30 años con ITU de repetición y hallazgo incidental de masa vesical en ecografía abdominal. Tras realización de RTU vesical se diagnostica tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio de vejiga. Conclusión: El tumor miofibroblástico, (también denominado pseudotumor inflamatorio o pseudosarcoma) es un tumor benigno de origen mesenquimal cuya localización vesical es muy poco común, y que no debe ser confundido con una neoplasia maligna. En caso de presentación vesical el tratamiento consiste en resección transuretral, con buen pronóstico a largo plazo (AU)

Objective: To report one case of myofibroblastic bladder tumor. Methods/Results: We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with recurrent urinary tract infections and incidental finding of a bladder mass after abdominal ultrasound. After TUR, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder was diagnosed. Conclusion: Myofibroblastic tumor (also known as inflammatory pseudotumor or pseudosarcoma) is a benign tumor with mesenchymal origin. Bladder location is very uncommon. It must not be misdiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm. Optimal treatment when arising in the bladder is TUR, with excellent long-term prognosis (AU)