Assessment of Risk Factors for Enteric Fistula and Intra-Abdominal Sepsis in Patients with Open Abdomen in Trauma: An Original Research.

Introduction: In emergency surgeries, open abdomen or laparostomy, especially with perforated viscus, has been used primarily to prevent delayed ventral hernia, burst abdomen, and abdominal compartment syndrome. In the present study, the clinical and resuscitative factors that are linked with open abdomen morbidity are evaluated. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was done for all the subjects who were admitted at the tertiary care center between May 2020 and May 2022 for the open abdomen surgeries. These patients were examined to see whether they needed more postoperative care than usual, including the need for resuscitative treatments and other critical clinical indicators. Patients were evaluated if they had any complications. The data that were collected were analysed for any variance using analysis of variance considering P <.05 as significant. Results: A total of 100 subjects were analysed in this study. Forty nine patients had intra-abdominal sepsis of the 100 cases examined from historical case records and 1 had entero-cutaneous fistulas. These patients did not necessitate additional actions for intensive care unit care, resuscitation, an chest infection, extended hospital stay, or any disabilities compared to those who did not undergo laparotomy during the same period. In this group of patients with open abdomens, the immediate postoperative period was not linked to an increase in resuscitation efforts or a load on clinical staff. Once patients are stabilized, early definitive abdominal closure is advised to prevent problems associated to laparostomies. Conclusion: The quantity of initial fluid revival and the coagulation factors at the time of admission are not related to intra-abdominal sepsis and enteric fistula following laparostomy after significant abdominal injuries.

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Gallbladder Diseases: An Original Study.

Introduction: The diagnostic accuracy for the diseases of the gall bladder is high for the Ultrasound. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the application of the ultrasound as a major diagnostic aid for the gallbladder diseases. Materials and Methods: We piloted observational study among 100 patients with gallbladder diseases. The clinical, ultrasonograhic, and the histopathological parameters were compared to check the validity of the tests using t-test deliberating P < 0.05 as significant. Results: We observed that number of the cases that were positively identified radiographically were 93 out of 82 actual cases and 67 identified by the Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). There was no significant difference between the clinical, pathological diagnosis and the ultrasonograhic diagnosis indicating a accuracy similar to the clinical and FNAC methods. Conclusion: Ultrasonograhic diagnosis performed similar to the other forms of diagnosis and can be suggested as a convenient and accurate diagnostic test for the diseases of gallbladder.

Sleep Disorders among Dental Students: An Original Research.

Introduction: With the increased stress among the students, their sleep patterns have been derailed from the routine. Hence, in our study, we aimed to appraise among the dental students the occurrence of sleep disorders. Materials and Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey study among 1115 dental students of 1-4 years. The survey was based on SLEEP-50 that had 50 questions that were given scores from 1 to 4 based on the response. The scores were analyzed for the statistical connotation, keeping P < 0.05 as significant. Results: We observed that 352 students suffered from sleep disorders. The sex ratio of male:female was 25:75. No significant age variation was seen. For the various disorders, insomnia (25%), nightmares (13%), and sleepwalk (8%), circadian rhythm disorders (34%), obstructive sleep apnea (26%), and narcolepsy (30%) were noted with significant variation. The habit of alcohol was seen in 17% of students. Conclusions: The sleep disorders were prevalent among the dental students due to the great amount of stress caused in the study. They should be educated about the stress management methods and importance of sleep.

Knowledge and practices of Indian dental students regarding the prescription of antibiotics and analgesics.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Making a diagnosis and prescribing medicine is the most important skill required by any doctor in the colleges, hospitals or clinical practice. Prescribing is the intervention that has the greatest influence on patients' health requiring complex series of sub-competencies like making a diagnosis, setting a therapeutic goal, choosing the approach, choosing the best drug, route and frequency of administration, duration of therapy, writing the prescription, patient information, monitoring drug effects and, lastly, review the prescription.The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge and practices of Indian dental students regarding the prescription of antibiotics and analgesics. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 870 Undergraduate and Post-graduate dental students of Udaipur city. A close ended, pretested questionnaire was administered to students. The data were analyzed using the student's t -test and one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test. RESULTS: A total of 870 students participated in the study. Most of them were females and were pursuing undergraduate studies. Post graduate students had greater medication prescription knowledge than the undergraduate students. Nevertheless, practice of medication prescription among these two was found adequate. CONCLUSION: Undergraduate dental students have lower knowledge about medication prescription as compared to post-graduate students. Also, knowledge of prescription of medicines in males were higher in comparison to females, though prescription practices of all the dental students was found almost similar.

Amelogenin Gene - The Pioneer in Gender Determination from Forensic Dental Samples.

INTRODUCTION: In the event of any mass fatality incident, DNA analysis plays a vital role in disaster victim identification. Teeth are one of the most resistant structures in the human body that resist decomposition hence making them prime choice for extracting DNA for identification of individuals. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis that target regions of Amelogenin gene have become the method of choice for sex determination of biological samples. AIM: Determining the sex of a given DNA sample from either dental pulp or dentin of tooth and help in identification of missing persons and disaster victims. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study 50 teeth samples were studied and they were subjected to various environmental conditions along with freshly extracted teeth taken as control for duration of one month and three months. Pulpal tissue was retrieved from the teeth specimens by access opening of root canals and for incinerated samples, the specimens were crushed. From the DNA that was extracted from the dental pulp sample Amelogenin gene locus was used for sex determination by amplifying a segment of X-Y homologous gene locus through PCR analysis. RESULTS: ANOVA test and t-test proved to be statistically significant and 100% retrieval rate was observed in samples. CONCLUSION: Pulpal tissue along with degenerating odontoblastic processes yield sufficient amount of DNA for gender determination when subjected to various forensic conditions with maximum accuracy.