Functional and Speech Outcome of Unilaterally Cochlear Implanted Children after 1 year of Implantation in NIENT: A Retrospective Study.

Hearing loss can be congenital or acquired. Most of the time congenital hearing loss means profound sensorineural hearing loss. The invention of cochlear implantation has already an established role in improving the hearing capability in congenital sensorineural hearing loss. To speak properly after cochlear implant, one needs to go for speech therapy or audio-verbal therapy. Speech therapy has become an integral part of the cochlear implantation program. In Bangladesh cochlear implantation (CI) programs started around 15 years ago, which was limited to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Combined Military Hospital (CMH). Our government takes initiative to provide this service to poor and lower income people. National Institute of ENT (NIENT) was the first government hospital where CI started in 2018 and the project is now ongoing. After CI auditory, verbal therapy (AVT) was given at the same institute. No study has not been done to find out the outcome of AVT. NIENT has taken steps to find out the functional and speech outcome of cochlear implanted children considering the two standard criteria: CAP and SIR score. This retrospective study was done to find out the auditory verbal outcome of unilaterally CI children in different ages and conducted at department of Audiology, National Institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2021 to June 2021. The children who underwent cochlear implants and took the auditory verbal therapy were included in this study. Though it is a retrospective study, a written informed consent has been taken from the patient's parents as the cases are minor in age. From the record review, CAP and SIR scores were recorded four times: before implantation 1 time, after cochlear implantation 3 times (At the end of 3, 6 and 12 months after starting of AVT of Cochlear implantees). From the study it has been observed that out of 50 implantees, 48.0% of children's age range was in between >3 to ≤5 years. Most of the implantees were from rural areas and also from lower income group. The study showed significant association with CAP and SIR score at the end of one year of AVT. No significant association was found in different age groups with scores of CAP and SIR. But the parent's education showed significant association with CAP score at the end one year of AVT. Though the age of the recipient is not significantly associated with the AVT outcome but maternal education plays an important role in improving CAP and SIR score. So, maternal education or understanding along with professional speech therapy is vital for better AVT outcome.

Parathyroid failure following thyroid surgery.

This cross-sectional study was done to see the association of post thyroidectomy parathyroid failure with thyroid disease and type of surgery. It was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka during the period of July 2008 to June 2010. Total 50 cases of thyroid malignancy and multinodular goiter who had undergone total or near total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection were studied. In this study highest number of cases were found in 3rd decade of age (28%) and there was female predominance (M:F=1:3.54). Overall frequency of post operative hypocalcaemia was 30% (26% was temporary hypocalcaemia and 4% was permanent). Hypocalcaemia revealed clinically in 20% cases and remained subclinical in 10% cases. Hypocalcaemia developed in 42.30% cases of malignant thyroid disease and 16.66% cases of benign thyroid disease (p<0.05). It was found in 54.54% cases with neck dissection and 23.07% cases without neck dissection (p<0.05). Hypocalcaemia developed in 62.5% cases where parathyroid gland were not identified and 23.8% cases where parathyroid gland was identified. Hypocalcaemia developed most commonly on the 2nd post operative day (73.33%). There is a significance difference with development of parathyroid failure after thyroid surgery between benign and malignant thyroid disease and also between thyroid surgery with or without neck dissection.

A study on body mass index (BMI) and some biochemical parameters of the medicos with family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary heart disease.

Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), coronary heart disease (CHD) is alarming; risk factors are fairly stable, passing fairly well from childhood to adulthood; genetic factors play a role. This is important to know the status of some biochemical parameters viz, fasting plasma glucose level, fasting serum insulin (FI), serum triglyceride (STG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) among the medicos with family history (FH) of DM, HT or CHD and the relationship of biochemical parameters with body mass index (BMI). Mean age of the sample (n=67) was 22 years with 76.12% males and 23.88% females; 44.78%, 29.85% and 19.40% had FH of DM, HT and CHD respectively; 8.96% had the FH of three diseases. High BMI was seen in 62.69% cases; it was significantly high among those with FH of DM (p<0.05) but not significant against HT (p>0.05) or CHD (p>0.05). All had normal fasting plasma glucose level. Positive association existed (a) between BMI with FI, LDL and HDL, FI with LDL and HDL, TG with TC, TC with LDL and HDL, LDL with HDL among those with FH of DM; (b) between BMI with FI, STG and HDL, FI with LDL and HDL, TC with LDL and HDL, LDL with HDL among those with FH of HT; (c) between BMI with FI, STG and HDL, FI with TC, LDL and HDL, TC with LDL and HDL, LDL with HDL among those with FH of CHD. Multiple correlation coefficients (R) also indicated moderate association.

Epidemiological studies of blood groups in the district of Bankura with special reference to tribals.

Distribution of ABO blood groups was studied in 4301 subjects, both tribals and non-tribals of the district of Bankura in West Bengal. It was observed that group 'O' blood was found in most cases and group 'AB' was seen in least number of cases. It was also found that there was no significant difference in distribution of blood groups between the tribals and non-tribals.